Estudos filogenéticos e genômicos no gênero Anathallis (Orchidaceae)

Orientador: Eric de Camargo SmidtCoorientadora: Leila do Nascimento VieiraCoorientador: Antônio Luiz Vieira Toscano de BritoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em botânica. Defesa : Curitiba, 31/10/2018Inclui referênciasResumo: riqueza da família Orchidaceae com mais de 5 mil espécies, todas restritas à região neotropical. Apesar de seu monofiletismo estar bem estabelecido, a circunscrição de seus gêneros ainda é muito debatida, como ocorre com Anathallis. Porém, os trabalhos filogenéticos desenvolvidos até então utilizaram uma amostragem ineficiente e exploraram poucos conjuntos de dados, basicamente o sequenciamento da região nrITS, estabelecendo relações taxonômicas duvidosas entre as espécies de Anathallis e os demais gêneros do grupo. Além disso, não foram realizados estudos genômicos focados na subtribo, indicando uma profunda lacuna de conhecimento acerca da biologia molecular desse grupo de orquídeas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em dois capítulos, sendo que no primeiro foram realizadas análises filogenéticas e de datação molecular utilizando uma amostragem mais robusta do gênero Anathallis e valendo-se do sequenciamento de seis regiões moleculares, incluindo a nrITS. Também foram codificados caracteres morfológicos, incorporados em análises filogenéticas conjuntas e de reconstrução de caracteres morfológicos. No segundo capítulo é apresentada a sequência completa do genoma cloroplastidial de Anathallis obovata, espécie-tipo do gênero, que foi comparada com sequências genômicas de táxons próximos das subtribos Pleurothallidinae e Laeliinae. Palavras-chave: Pleurothallidinae; genoma cloroplastidial; orquídeas neotropicais; datação molecular; filogenia de evidência total.Abstract: The subtribe Pleurothallidinae (Epidendroideae: Epidendrae) represents 20% of the species richness of Orchidaceae with more than 5 thousand species, all restricted to the neotropical region. Although its monophyletism is well established, the circumscription of its genera is still much debated, as is the case of Anathallis. Previous phylogenetic studies used inefficient sampling and explored few data sets, basically the sequencing of the nrITS region, establishing dubious taxonomic relationships between Anathallis species and the other genera of Pleurothallidinae. In addition, there are no Pleurothallidinae-focused genomic studies, indicating a lack of knowledge about the molecular biology of this orchid group. This work was developed in two chapters. In the first one, phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses were performed using a larger sample of the genus Anathallis and using the sequencing of six molecular regions, including the nrITS. Morphological characters were also coded, used in concatenated phylogenetic and morphological characters reconstruction analysis. In the second chapter we present the complete sequence of the chloroplast genome of Anathallis obovata, the type-species of the genus, which was compared with genomic sequences of closely-related taxa of the subtribe Pleurothallidinae and also of subtribe Laeliinae. Keywords: Pleurothallidinae; chloroplast genome; neotropic orchids; molecular dating; total evidence phylogeny

Membrane contactor onsite piloting for nutrient recovery from mesophilic digester reject water : The effect of process conditions and pre-treatment options

Funding Information: This study is part of the NPHarvest project, which was supported by the Ministry of Environment of Finland , RAKI2 project VN/2250/2019 and Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki r.y. (MVTT). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)Nutrient recovery is an important segment of the circular economy, and it significantly contributes to sustainable development goals. This work reports on the outcomes of a field testing pilot-scale membrane contactor system designed for nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) recovery in the form of high purity ammonium salts and high-quality P containing sludge. The pilot testing was conducted at the Viikinmäki WWTP using digester reject water under different treatment conditions. Our system showed a high tolerance for solids (concentration > 500 mg/L). Field test trials showed that the higher the feed flow, the better the ammonia transfer rate. Decreasing the retention time from 4 h to 2 h increased the ammonia mass transfer rate constant by >150 %. Among the tested feed pH levels, a pH of 10 had the highest solids removal, which in turn resulted in the highest ammonia recovery percentage. A high acid concentration lowered the ammonia transfer rate. Strong acids such as HNO3 and H2SO4 had a higher ammonia recovery than that of H3PO4. Pre-treating feedwater with starch resulted in the same ammonia accumulation rate as a poly-aluminum chloride (PAX)/polymer pre-treatment. The highest PO4−3 removal of 99 % was achieved with a PAX/polymer treatment at pH 10, whereas the highest total phosphorous removal of 77 % was achieved with a starch treatment. The produced sludge consists mainly of CaCO3 emanating from the used lime, which can be used as a soil amendment. The produced ammonium salts were of high purity and have a nutrient content comparable to that of commercial fertilizers. This study provides important insights into the selection of process parameters of membrane contactor systems based on the goal of the treatment, whether it be nutrient removal or recovery.Peer reviewe

Neonatal Hyperglycemia and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Review

Glucose impairment is common in preterm infants but the impact of early neonatal hyperglycemia on long term neurodevelopment is still highly controversial. This review reports current evidence of the effect of hyperglycemia on neurodevelopmental outcome. It was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed; EMBASE via Ovid; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; the Cochrane Library; ClinicalTrials.gov; and the World Health Organization's International Trials Registry and Platform. We included studies that investigated the association between hyperglycemia, defined as at least one episode of glycemia >= 8 mmol/L, and neurodevelopment outcome evaluated either through the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS) or the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) for the first 5 years of life, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) for the following age category. We selected six studies, comprising 2226 infants in total and which included 1059 (48%) infants for whom neurodevelopment assessment was available. We found an association between hyperglycemia and neurological delay in the first two years of life, especially for motor functions; this result was confirmed in later childhood. The quality of evidence was poor; therefore, the negative influence of neonatal hyperglycemia on the neurological development of preterm infants must be investigated in further studies