Secondary medical diagnosis in fragile X syndrome with and without autism spectrum disorder

This study examined whether secondary medical diagnoses that affect CNS function (i.e., seizures, malformations, or genetic disorders), are more likely to occur in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (FXS þ ASD) or FXS alone. Ninety males (3-25 years) with FXS or FXS þ ASD were evaluated for secondary medical diagnoses by medical history and examination. A significant difference in the incidence of medical problems was found between patients with FXS þ ASD (38.6%) and FXS alone (18.2%, P < 0.05). Medical problems that affect the CNS are more likely to occur in those with FXS þ ASD and it is probable that additional brain dysfunction associated with these medical problems enhance the risk of autism in those with FXS.

Borderline Intellectual Functioning: Consensus and good practice guidelines

Objectives: To elaborate a conceptual framework and to establish consensus guidelines. Method: A mixed qualitative methodology, including frame analysis and nominal groups techniques, was used. The literature was extensively reviewed in evidence based medical databases, scientific publications, and the grey literature. This information was studied and a framing document was prepared. Results: Scientific publications covering BIF are scarce. The term that yields a bigger number of results is ‘‘Borderline Intelligence’’. The Working Group detected a number of areas in which consensus was needed and wrote a consensus document covering the conclusions of the experts and the framing document. Conclusions: It is a priority to reach an international consensus about the BIF construct and its operative criteria, as well as to develop specific tools for screening and diagnosis. It is also necessary to define criteria that enable its incidence and prevalence. To know what interventions are the most efficient, and what are the needs of this population, is vital to implement an integral model of care centred on the individual

El niño incomprendido

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe describen los problemas asociados al desarrollo del sistema nervioso central y las consecuencias sociales, familiares y escolares derivadas de aquellos. Se exponen las características de trastornos como el TDAH, la dislexia, la discalculia, el síndrome de Asperger y los trastornos del lenguaje y del aprendizaje no verbal, aportando orientaciones para las fases de diagnóstico y tratamiento, individualizadamente. Se analizan, de manera práctica, sus causas informando sobre la correcta identificación de los mismos. Incluye bibliografía especializada para cada trastorno.CataluñaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]