Built environment and modal choice; a case study

Compact, high density and mixed-used urban environments can exert a strong influence on the way people choose to travel. Very few studies, if any, have taken place in the developing world, particularly at the local scale. This paper reports on the relationship between the built environment and modal choice focusing mainly on three of its dimensions: density, diversity, and design. Such associations can provide urban and transportation professionals with valuable tools to assist them in policy appraisal and decision making. In order to analyze the relationship between modal choice and different measures of the built environment we use mobility and associated socio demographic data contained in the household travel survey performed in the city of Neuquen, Argentina during the year 2008. Urban environment variables are characterized for each of the zones in which the city was divided for the O-D survey. Generalized costs are considered as well. Modal split models are applied to assess the influence that built environment variables exert over the individual decision of traveling by car, ride transit, walk or bike. Dense, mixedused environments favor the decision to walk or bike to nearby destinations, discouraging private car use. Such environments also encourage the use of transit. Theoretical shortcomings, mixed and conflicting results and lack of consensus regarding methodological and variable measurement procedures are the main features of this trend of research. The analysis of a local case helps to clarify some of these points while widening the background for future research in an area that so far is limited to foreign experience. Our findings restate the importance of urban policies with regards to sustainable transportation.Fil: Riera, Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina.Fil: Depiante, Violeta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Otras Ingeniería Civi

Inclusive and socially fair transportation. The case of metropolitan areas in Argentina

This article explores mobility from a social justice and inclusion perspective, by considering the case of four cities in Argentina which count on data from household travel surveys undertaken between 2009 and 2013. Population mobility indicators which describe distributional aspects involving inequalities and social exclusion were obtained for groups of households classified by income level as well as other socio demographic variables such as gender and age. With regard to the referential framework, mobility policy approaches and different interpretations of mobility from a social perspective are addressed, together with a discussion regarding inmobility in emerging country metropolitan areas. The paper ends pointing out the need to perform studies focusing on mobility issues of particular population segments in order to identify non - inclusive situations and their causes. This would be useful to inform and prioritize policies that seek to match opportunities for everyone

Estudio de las perspectivas del transporte no motorizado en ciudades argentinas aplicando modelos de generación de viajes

Tesis (MCI)--FCEFN-UNC, 2012Brinda modelos de generación de viajes a pie y en bicicleta sobre información de encuestas de orígen y destino de viajes basadas en el hogar, disponible para cinco ciudades argentinasEl transporte no motorizado reviste gran importancia dentro de la estructura de viajes de ciudades argentinas, constituyendo una alternativa conveniente a los medios motorizados en términos de costos y externalidades sobre el ambiente urbano. Estas modalidades han sido sistemáticamente excluidas del proceso de planificación del transporte, por lo que se carece de casos concretos de modelización de viajes no motorizados que faciliten la comprensión de las variables influyentes y brinden la posibilidad de realizar proyecciones de la demanda. En este trabajo se formulan modelos de generación de viajes a pie y en bicicleta sobre información de encuestas de origen y destino de viajes basadas en el hogar, disponible para cinco ciudades argentinas. Se estiman ecuaciones de regresión de los viajes a pie y en bicicleta en función de variables socioeconómicas, para las ciudades de Córdoba, Neuquén, Villa Carlos Paz, Santo Tomé y Salta, además de muestras generalizadas que agrupan varios casos. La cantidad de estudiantes en el hogar resulta la variable más influyente, siguiéndole en importancia la cantidad de trabajadores, la cantidad de vehículos con que cuenta el hogar y la cantidad de bicicletas en el hogar en el caso de los viajes que emplean este medio. El estudio concluye planteando una línea de investigación cuyo objetivo es analizar la relación que se establece entre la realización de viajes a pie y el ambiente construido, representado por variables que describen la forma urbana, análisis que se restringe a la ciudad de Córdoba. Se verifica la existencia de una relación entre los viajes a pie y el ambiente construido, resultando la diversidad de usos del suelo y la conectividad de las redes, entre las variables analizadas, las que mejor explican los viajes a pie.Non motorized transport shows a significant participation as regards the trip structure of argentinian cities, as a very convenient alternative to motorized modes concerning costs and externalities on the urban environment. These modes have been repeatedly excluded from transportation planning processes so that specific non–motorized modeling is lacking thus not allowing a better understanding of the most influential variables and preventing non-motorized demand forecasting. This paper presents walk and bicycle trip generation formulations over household-based trip survey data available for five cities in Argentina. Walk and bike trips regression equations are estimated for the cities: of Cordoba, Neuquen, Villa Carlos Paz, Santo Tome and Salta, as well as for a generalized sample that groups several cases. Total number of students at the household comes out to be the most influential variable followed by number of workers, number of cars owned and number of bikes at home in the case of bicycle trips. The study concludes opening a new research scope aimed to analyze the relationship that is established between walk trip generation and the built environment, the latter represented by variables that describe the urban form, restraining this analysis to the city of Cordoba. A relationship between walk trip generation and the built environment is proved, being land use diversity and network connectivity, among the variables analyzed, the ones that best explain walk tripsFil: Riera, Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentin

Políticas de transporte no brasil: a construçao da mobilidade excludente

POLÍTICAS DE TRANSPORTE NO BRASIL: A CONSTRUÇAO DA MOBILIDADE EXCLUDENTE. Autor: Eduardo Alcántara de Vasconcellos Año 2014, Editorial Manole, 289 págs. ISBN: 978-85-204-3748-

Nutraceutical properties and safety evaluation of fruits and arrope of Geoffroea decorticans (chañar)

Context: Geoffroea decorticans (chañar) fruits and its derivate product (arrope) have been traditionally used as food and in folk medicine for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases including bronchopulmonary disorder. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects and safety of aqueous extract (AE) and arrope (Ar) of chañar.Materials and methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of AE and Ar, was evaluated through carrageenan induced edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. The antitussive activity was evaluated using model against ammonia induced cough in rats. The expectorant activity was evaluated by volume of phenol red in rat?s tracheas. The tested doses of extracts were of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, (p.o.). For the safety evaluation of AE and Ar, was conducted the chronic toxicity test in rats (1 and 2 g/kg, p.o.).Results: The results showed that AE (1000 mg/Kg) significantly reduced the edema (100%) induced by carrageenan 3 h post-dosing and granuloma formation (47.76 %) induced by cotton pellets. In the ammonia liquor induced cough and the amount of phenol red secretion, AE and Ar of chañar (1000 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the latent period of cough, inhibited the cough frequency and significantly enhance tracheal phenol red compared with that negative control. The result of toxicity assays suggested that AE and Ar did not induce or cause any damage to the liver and kidney of the rats and can be considered nontoxic for these animals at tested doses.Discussion and conclusions: This study has shown that the AE and Ar, possess antitussive and expectorant significant effect. Also AE possess significant anti-inflammatory effects, both extracts were nontoxic. These findings seem to justify use of the plant in traditional medicine and are proposed, the chañar fruits as an excellent nutraceutical food.Fil: Reynoso, Marcos Adrian. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez Riera, Alicia Noemi. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Nancy Roxana. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentin

Aplicación del NCPP y su relación con el índice de criminalidad en el distrito Judicial de Loreto, 2017

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la aplicación del NCPP con el índice de criminalidad en el Distrito Judicial de Loreto. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 30 abogados, previa confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach de 0.78. El tipo fue correlacional, no experimental. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó x2, con un p3,84; p= 0,0013,84; p= 0,001<0,05. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant relationship between the application of the NCPP and the crime rate in the Judicial District of Loreto.Tesi

Evaluación de la comprensión lectora asistida por la tecnología informática

Desde ya varios años el equipo de trabajo del Instituto de Investigaciones Educativas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata - bajo la dirección de la Prof. María Celia Agudo de Córsico -, desarrolla una intensa labor de estudio de la comprensión lectora y de los diversos factores asociados al éxito en el desempeño lector escolar. Los aportes teóricos y metodológicos de las Ciencias Cognitivas, la Lingüística, la Psicolinguistica, las Neurociencias y la Inteligencia Artificial posibilitaron la creación de “Lectura y Cognición”, un sistema informático destinado a la evaluación diagnóstica de las habilidades lectoras aplicadas al español. Proporciona perfiles diferenciales de rendimientos escolares basados en la correlación de las puntuaciones alcanzadas por el usuario durante la resolución de una serie de tareas -presentadas a modo de juego-, que ponen a prueba las principales competencias lectoras. El sistema toma en cuenta antecedentes escolares, familiares y de procedencia social para una mayor interpretación de los niveles de desempeño final. La selección de tareas contó con el asesoramiento lingüístico de la Prof. Celina Olocco. La validación en campo, con la supervisión y contribuciones de la Prof. María Alejandra Pedragosa. El trabajo describe los componentes del Sistema y la experiencia recogida en su aplicación a escolares del 3° y 4 ° años del Primer Ciclo de la Educación Básica de la Ciudad de La Plata.Eje: Informática educativa (IEDU)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Effects of organic enrichment on macrofauna community structure: an experimental approach

A determinação da resiliência das assembleias bênticas é um assunto fundamental para a indústria da aquicultura de mar aberto como tentativa de minimizar as perturbações ambientais. Estudos experimentais são ferramenta importante para o estabelecimento das linhas de base para as comunidades do fundo oceânico. Nesse sentido, um experimento foi conduzido sob três tratamentos (controle, 1x e 3x), nos quais o aporte orgânico (pelotas fecais de peixes) foi adicionado nas quantidades de 1x (10 g de pelotas fecais) e de 3 vezes (30 g). Os resultados mostram que foi encontrada redução na abundância de indivíduos e também no número de espécies entre o controle e os tratamentos com enriquecimento orgânico. Mudanças significativas na estrutura das assembleias também foram encontradas, principalmente devido ao decréscimo do tanaidáceo sensível Apseudes talpa nos tratamento enriquecidos. Os índices AMBI e M-AMBI foram calculados e um decréscimo do status ecológico foi observado no tratamento 3x.The determination of the resilience of benthic assemblages is a capital issue for the off-shore aquaculture industry in its attempts to minimize environmental disturbances. Experimental studies are an important tool for the establishment of thresholds for macrofaunal assemblages inhabiting sandy seabeds. An experiment was conducted with three treatments (Control, 1x and 3x),in which organic load (fish pellets) was added (1x (10 g of fish pellets) and 3x (30 g)). A reduction in abundance of individuals and species richness was found as between the control and organic-enriched treatments. Significant changes in assemblage structure were also found, mainly due to the decrease of the sensitive tanaid Apseudes talpa in organically-enriched treatments. AMBI and M-AMBI indices were calculated and a decrease of ecological status was observed in treatment 3x

Retaining or excising the supraspinatus tendon in complex proximal humeral fractures treated with reverse prosthesis: a biomechanical analysis in two different designs

Purpose: We aimed to biomechanically evaluate the effect of the supraspinatus tendon on tuberosity stability using two different reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) models for complex proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) Methods: Four-part proximal humeral fractures were simulated in 20 cadaveric shoulders. Two different RSA designs were implemented: a glenosphere-medialized model and a glenosphere-lateralized model. Tuberosities were reconstructed, and displacement of bony fragments was measured (mm) by placing three sensors: in the humeral diaphysis (D), in the greater tuberosity (GT), and in the lesser tuberosity (LT). Axial forces were induced and measured in Newton (N). The test was performed twice in each specimen, with and without the supraspinatus tendon. The regression line (RL) was measured in mm/N. Results: In the medialized model, the GT–D displacement was greater in the supraspinatus preserving model than that in the tendon excision model (p<0.001), as well as for the LT–D displacement (p<0.001). In the lateralized model, GT–D displacement and GT–LT distance were greater in the preserving model than that in the excision model (p<0.001, p=0.04). Conclusion: The supraspinatus tendon resection leads to a more biomechanically stable tuberosity construct when performing RSA for PHFs, while the rest of the rotator cuff tendons (infraspinatus and teres minor) are retained in the greater tuberosity.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft