Roles of sex and insulin on microvascular exchange function

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.Vita."August 2007"Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia 2007.A characteristic of endothelial dysfunction, which is observed in the beginning stages of type 2 diabetes, is the alteration of the microvascular barrier, affecting the microvascular permeability. We measured the venular leakage and clearance of albumin in response to suffusion with high-dose insulin (10-7M) in the autoperfused mesentery in the adult male (AM), adult female (AF), and juvenile male (JM) rats. Insulin suffusion lead to increased venular albumin leakage by 63% in AM rats. Albumin and total protein clearance decreased with insulin treatment. In the JM rats, venular albumin leakage was increased by 103% with insulin suffusion. The total protein clearance in JM was unchanged, while the albumin clearance increased with insulin suffusion. In the AF rats, venular albumin leakage was unchanged with insulin suffusion. Insulin decreased the total protein clearance, but not the albumin clearance. We demonstrated novel data that not only can insulin result in changes in macromolecule exchange in intact, mesenteric microvasculature, but that these changes were dependent on the sex and the sexual maturity of the animal.Includes bibliographical reference

Reaction Kinetics of Meisenheimer σ-Complex Formation between 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl Chloride and Hydroxide Ion in Cationic Micellar Solution

Kinetic study was carried out by using stopped-flow method for the Meisenheimer σ-complex formation reaction between 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl chloride (picryl chloride: Pic-Cl) and hydroxide in aqueous cationic micellar solutions of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MyTAB) and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) dissolved in aqueous solution, for the purpose of elucidating the influence of the microscopic heterogeneity of reaction field on activation parameters. The reaction rate analysis based on a pseudo-phase ion exchange model led us to a conclusion that on the activation process the enthalpy-entropy compensation relationships worked over the wide range of surfactant concentration, and that, for the reaction occurring at the micellar surface, a reactant molecule effective to the reaction had to move into some restricted direction

Effect of Cationic Micellar Reaction Field on Reaction Kinetics of Meisenheimer σ-Complex Formation between 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene and Hydroxide Ion

Kinetic studies were done by using stopped-flow method for the Meisenheimer σ-complex formation reaction between 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) and hydroxide ion in cationic micellar solutions of dodecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MyTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) dissolved in aqueous solution, for the purpose of elucidating the influence of the microscopic heterogeneity of reaction field. The reaction rate analysis based on a pseudo-phase ion exchange model led us to a conclusion that the partition of reactant molecules between the micelle and water phase, and ion exchange between hydroxide ion and bromide ion existing as counter ions of cationic micellar surface were important. On the activation process, the enthalpy-entropy compensation relationships worked over the wide range of surfactant concentration. The derived isokinetic temperature, T_ revealed that in CTAB the reaction might be of enthalpy-control, and that in MyTAB be of entropy-control

半教師あり語義曖昧性解消における各ジャンルの語義なし用例文の利用

Ibaraki UniversityIbaraki University会議名: 言語資源活用ワークショップ2019, 開催地: 国立国語研究所, 会期: 2019年9月2日−4日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 コーパス開発センター単語の語義曖昧性解消は、今日に至るまで様々な研究が行われており、教師あり学習を用いることで高い精度を出している。しかし、先行研究では学習用のデータが不足して誤る事例が多いことが指摘されている。新たに学習データを追加するには、用例文における単語の正解語義の割り当てに精通した専門家によるラベル付与が必要となるためコストがかかるという問題がある。この問題を解決するために、グラフベースの半教師あり学習を用いた語義曖昧性解消を提案し、語義なし用例文の利用による精度改善を行う。そこで、BCCWJの各ジャンルにおける語義なし用例文に対して語義曖昧性解消精度の比較を行い、どのような語義なしデータの利用が有効なのか分析を行う。実験の結果、BCCWJ全ての用例文を追加した場合よりも精度が低くなったが、今回扱ったジャンルの中では雑誌（PM）に含まれる用例文を追加した場合が最も高い精度結果となった。そのため、ジャンルを限定して語義なし用例文を追加しても、語義曖昧性解消の精度にあまり効果がないことが明らかとなった。しかし、教師あり学習との語義曖昧性解消精度との比較を行った結果、グラフベースの半教師あり学習の語義曖昧性解消精度が高くなったため、グラフベースの半教師あり学習は学習データ不足の改善に有効であると考えられる

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Related Perfluorinated Compounds in Human Maternal and Cord Blood Samples: Assessment of PFOS Exposure in a Susceptible Population during Pregnancy

Fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonylamide (PFOSA), are widely used in the manufacture of plastic, electronics, textile, and construction material in the apparel, leather, and upholstery industries. FOCs have been detected in human blood samples. Studies have indicated that FOCs may be detrimental to rodent development possibly by affecting thyroid hormone levels. In the present study, we determined the concentrations of FOCs in maternal and cord blood samples. Pregnant women 17–37 years of age were enrolled as subjects. FOCs in 15 pairs of maternal and cord blood samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry coupled with online extraction. The limits of quantification of PFOS, PFOA, and PFOSA in human plasma or serum were 0.5, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. The method enables the precise determination of FOCs and can be applied to the detection of FOCs in human blood samples for monitoring human exposure. PFOS concentrations in maternal samples ranged from 4.9 to 17.6 ng/mL, whereas those in fetal samples ranged from 1.6 to 5.3 ng/mL. In contrast, PFOSA was not detected in fetal or maternal samples, whereas PFOA was detected only in maternal samples (range, < 0.5 to 2.3 ng/mL, 4 of 15). Our results revealed a high correlation between PFOS concentrations in maternal and cord blood (r(2) = 0.876). However, we did not find any significant correlations between PFOS concentration in maternal and cord blood samples and age bracket, birth weight, or levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone or free thyroxine. Our study revealed that human fetuses in Japan may be exposed to relatively high levels of FOCs. Further investigation is required to determine the postnatal effects of fetal exposure to FOCs

A Time- and Cost-Saving Method of Producing Rat Polyclonal Antibodies

Producing antibodies usually takes more than three months. In the present study, we introduce a faster way of producing polyclonal antibodies based on preparation of the recombinant oligopeptide as antigen followed by immunization of rats. Using this method, we produced antisera against two mouse proteins: ERGIC-53 and c-Kit. An expression vector ligated with a pair of complementary synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides encoding the protein was introduced into bacteria, and the recombinant oligopeptide fused with the carrier protein glutathione-S-transferase was purified. Wistar rats were immunized by injecting the emulsified antigen subcutaneously into the hind footpads, followed by a booster injection ­after 2 weeks. One week after the booster, the sera were collected and examined for the antibody titer by immunohistochemistry. Antisera with 1600-fold titer at the maximum were obtained for both antigens and confirmed for their specificity by Western blotting. Anti-­ERGIC-53 antisera recognized acinar cells in the sublingual gland, and anti-c-Kit antisera recognized spermatogenic and Leydig cells in the testis. These antisera were applicable to fluorescent double immunostaining with mouse monoclonal or rabbit polyclonal antibodies. Consequently, this method enabled us to produce specific rat polyclonal antisera available for immunohistochemistry in less than one month at a relatively low cost

A県内の高齢者向け住まいのサービス提供体制と医療的ケア及び看取りの受け入れ意向との関連

目的：A県の高齢者向け住まいのサービス提供体制と医療的ケア及び看取りの受け入れ意向との関連を明らかにする． 方法：A県の高齢者向け住まい（463か所）に勤務する管理者等を対象とし，入居者の状況，サービス提供体制等の自記式質問紙調査を実施した．サービス提供体制と医療的ケア及び看取りの受け入れ意向の有無との関連について，χ2検定又はFisherの直接確率検定を行った． 結果：有効回答は130施設（有効回答率28.1％）であった．医療的ケアの受け入れ意向では，「施設に看護師が常駐」「夜間ケアを提供する職員の配置」等の11項目，看取りの受け入れ意向では，「施設に常勤の介護職員」「施設に常勤の看護師」「協力医療機関の24時間緊急往診要請への対応」「看取りのマニュアルの整備」等の14項目に関連があった． 結論：高齢者向け住まいにおける医療的ケア及び看取りの受け入れには，看護職員・介護職員の配置及び医療機関等との連携の必要性が示唆された．Objectives: To clarify the relationship between the service provision system of housing for the elderly in A prefecture and the intention to accept medical care and end-of-life care. Method: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on residents’ status and components of the service provision system for managers working in residences for senior citizens in A Prefecture (463 facilities). The χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was performed on the relationship between the service provision system and the intention to accept medical care and end-of-life care. Results: 130 valid responses were returned (effective response rate 28.1%). For the intention to accept medical care, 11 items were extracted, including “nurse resident in facility” and “allocation of staff providing night care”. For the intention to accept end-of-life care, 14 items were extracted, including“ full-time caregiver at facility”,“ full-time nurse at facility”,“ responding to 24-hour emergency visit requests with cooperating medical institutions” and“ maintenance manual”. Conclusion: It was suggested that the placement of nursing staff and cooperation with medical institutions are necessary for the acceptance of medical care and end-of-life care for the elderly.報