Women: Discrimination, violence and struggles in contemporary Brazil

The present paper delimited as a general objective to analyze the theme of women in relation to discrimination, violence and struggles in contemporary Brazil. This is a qualitative work, with a bibliographic nature, in which we revisit studies that deal with women and their struggles for insertion in the labor market, as well as the current conditions for the insertion of women in the commercial field. The relevance of our study lies in the current condition of women, who, according to the Brazilian Federal Constitution (1988), have the same rights as men, and it is necessary to discuss the subject. Given the degree of vulnerability of women in the context of domestic and family violence, it is of paramount importance that studies be developed that focus on ways to protect women against all forms of violence, bringing in their scope a range of possibilities for reflection. Our results pointed to a great scarcity that still exists in work opportunities for women, but despite the great discrimination, violence and struggles, in the twelfth century they have been gaining insertion and representation

Xylitol production and furfural consumption by a wild type Geotrichum sp.

Background: Xylitol is a five carbons polyol with promising medical applications. It can be obtained from chemical D-xylose reduction or by microbial fermentation of Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate. For this last process, some microbial inhibitors, as furfural, constitute severe bottleneck. In this case, the use of strains able to produce xylitol simultaneously to furfural neutralization is an interesting alternative. A wild-type strain of Geotrichum sp. was detected with this ability, and its performance in xylitol production and furfural consumption was evaluated. Furthermore, were analyzed its degradation products. Results: Geotrichum sp. produced xylitol from D-xylose fermentation with a yield of 0.44 g\ub7g-1. Furfural was fully consumed in fermentation assay and when provided in the medium until concentration of 6 g\ub7L-1. The furfural degradation product is not an identified molecule, presenting a molecular weight of 161 g\ub7mol-1, an uncommon feature for the microbial metabolism of this product. Conclusion: This strain presents most remarkable potential in performing furfural consumption simultaneous to xylitol production. Subsequent efforts must be employed to establish bioprocess to simultaneous detoxification and xylitol production by Geotrichum sp

Reflexões sobre a didática no ensino superior para a formação de docentes / Reflections on didactics in higher education for teacher training

O texto aborda sobre didática, como uma ciência aplicada no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Este estudo procurou analisar a ideia de que a didática sendo aprendida e aplicada funciona como elemento favorável para a construção qualitativa do docente, do discente e do processo educacional. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica onde foi estruturado em 3 tópicos. Inicialmente foi abordado uma breve retrospectiva da didática, como a arte de ensinar. A seguir apresentou-se a didática na formação do docente do ensino superior, buscando refletir seu papel no processo de ensino/aprendizagem, entendendo que esta acontece à partir do entendimento das ações práticas, das orientações teóricas e dos valores e atitudes decorrentes da interação com a realidade social. E, por último, os desafios da prática docente. O presente estudo demonstrou que a didática é fundamental, é um instrumento facilitador, o qual propicia a interação e o crescimento das partes: universidade, aluno, docente, sociedade

Cinerascetins, new peptides from Hypsiboas cinerascens : MALDI LIFT-TOF-MS/MS de novo sequence and imaging analysis

The continuous search for antimicrobial candidates pushes the pursuit of compounds in the most diverse organisms. Amphibians are known as a prolific source of antibacterial peptides. Based on the rich biodiversity of the Amazon region the unexplored green-tree frog (Hypsiboas cinerascens) was studied for its skin secretion peptide content. Chromatographic separations and established tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods were used for sequencing the primary structures of the purified compounds. De novo sequencing lead to the identification of five new peptides related to hylaseptin P1, displaying an aminated C-terminal. Sequencing of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) analysis allowed the disambiguation of isobaric amino-acids for C-01. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) was carried out, demonstrating the in situ co-occurrence of the identified peptides in the dorsal skin. The major peptide C-01 was synthesized and assayed against a selection of microorganisms displaying minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 4 to 16 µM

APICULTURA E RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL: DESAFIOS DA PRODUÇÃO E DIFICULDADES EM ADOTAR PRÁTICAS SOCIAL E AMBIENTALMENTE RESPONSÁVEIS

RESUMOO artigo objetiva identificar a percepção e as dificuldades que os produtores têm em adotar práticas mais responsáveis social e ambientalmente. Utilizou-se de método qualitativo, com entrevista semiestruturada com cinco das seis pessoas que participam da Associação de Apicultores. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa utilizou a análise categorial temática, com o desmembramento em categorias conforme os temas que emergem do texto identificando o que eles têm em comum, dividida em quatro categorias temáticas: 3.1 - Perfil dos entrevistados; 3.2 - Determinação da criação de abelhas e da produção do mel; 3.3 - Conhecimento da atividade e importância da associação; 3.4 - Comercialização e responsabilidade social e ambiental. A responsabilidade social em relação ao mel foi evidenciada como um diferencial no produto concentrado nas preocupações com o meio ambiente, influenciando as tomadas de decisões dos apicultores em seus negócios, bem como no comprometimento para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e bem-estar social. Os resultados da pesquisa também demonstraram que a apicultura é uma atividade lucrativa. No entanto, se percebeu que, em decorrência dos associados não estarem bem organizados, têm dificuldades em comercializar seus produtos

Reduction of hydrogen peroxide in gram-negative bacteria – bacterial peroxidases

This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (project grants to SRP, PTDC/BIA-PRO/109796/2009 and PTDC/BIA-BQM/29442/2017, and a scholarship to CSN, SFRH/BD/87878/2012). Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas-UCIBIO was financed by national funds from FCT/MEC (UID/Multi/04378/2019).Bacteria display an array of enzymes to detoxify reactive oxygen species that cause damage to DNA and to other biomolecules leading to cell death. Hydrogen peroxide is one of these species, with endogenous and exogenous sources, such as lactic acid bacteria, oxidative burst of the immune system or chemical reactions at oxic-anoxic interfaces. The enzymes that detoxify hydrogen peroxide will be the focus of this review, with special emphasis on bacterial peroxidases that reduce hydrogen peroxide to water. Bacterial peroxidases are periplasmic cytochromes with either two or three c-type haems, which have been classified as classical and non-classical bacterial peroxidases, respectively. Most of the studies have been focus on the classical bacterial peroxidases, showing the presence of a reductive activation in the presence of calcium ions. Mutagenesis studies have clarified the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme and were used to propose an intramolecular electron transfer pathway, with far less being known about the intermolecular electron transfer that occurs between reduced electron donors and the enzyme. The physiological function of these enzymes was not very clear until it was shown, for the non-classical bacterial peroxidase, that this enzyme is required for the bacteria to use hydrogen peroxide as terminal electron acceptor under anoxic conditions. These non-classical bacterial peroxidases are quinol peroxidases that do not require reductive activation but need calcium ions to attain maximum activity and share similar catalytic intermediates with the classical bacterial peroxidases.preprintpublishe