79 research outputs found

    Dose repartition in alveoli, alveolar ducts and bronchi of rats exposed to radon and its progeny, preliminary results

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    Recently, micronuclei scoring has been performed to estimate doses delivered to the lungs after heterogenous irradiation induced after inhalation of radon and its progeny. These studies were limited to the deep lung after either extraction of alveolar macrophages (AM) by lavage (Taya et al., 1994, Johnson and Newton, 1994) or enzymatic dissociation of lung cells to initiate fibroblast cultures (Khan et al., 1994). Dose estimates were performed after comparison with micronuclei formation induced in vitro by irradiation with alpha particles

    Mild dyslipidemia accelerates tumorigenesis through expansion of Ly6Chi monocytes and differentiation to pro-angiogenic myeloid cells

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    Cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share common risk factors such as dyslipidemia, obesity and inflammation. However, the role of pro-atherogenic environment and its associated low-grade inflammation in tumor progression remains underexplored. Here we show that feeding C57BL/6J mice with a non-obesogenic high fat high cholesterol diet (HFHCD) for two weeks to induce mild dyslipidemia, increases the pool of circulating Ly6Chi monocytes available for initial melanoma development, in an IL-1β-dependent manner. Descendants of circulating myeloid cells, which accumulate in the tumor microenvironment of mice under HFHCD, heighten pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive activities locally. Limiting myeloid cell accumulation or targeting VEGF-A production by myeloid cells decrease HFHCD-induced tumor growth acceleration. Reverting the HFHCD to a chow diet at the time of tumor implantation protects against tumor growth. Together, these data shed light on cross-disease communication between cardiovascular pathologies and cancer

    Elastin Peptides Signaling Relies on Neuraminidase-1-Dependent Lactosylceramide Generation

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    The sialidase activity of neuraminidase-1 (Neu-1) is responsible for ERK 1/2 pathway activation following binding of elastin peptide on the elastin receptor complex. In this work, we demonstrate that the receptor and lipid rafts colocalize at the plasma membrane. We also show that the disruption of these microdomains as well as their depletion in glycolipids blocks the receptor signaling. Following elastin peptide treatment, the cellular GM3 level decreases while lactosylceramide (LacCer) content increases consistently with a GM3/LacCer conversion. The use of lactose or Neu-1 siRNA blocks this process suggesting that the elastin receptor complex is responsible for this lipid conversion. Flow cytometry analysis confirms this elastin peptide-driven LacCer generation. Further, the use of a monoclonal anti-GM3 blocking antibody shows that GM3 is required for signaling. In conclusion, our data strongly suggest that Neu-1-dependent GM3/LacCer conversion is the key event leading to signaling by the elastin receptor complex. As a consequence, we propose that LacCer is an early messenger for this receptor

    Les protocoles cliniques de l'immunothérapie anticancéreuse

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    REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    RĂ´le des anticytokines dans le traitement des maladies auto-immunes

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    REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Peptides d'élastine et régulation de la réponse immune (rôle sur les fonctions biologiques des polynucléaires neutrophiles au cours de la BPCO et sur les fonctions effectrices des cellules dendritiques)

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    La réponse de l organisme contre un agent pathogène nécessite la mise en jeu d interactions complexes entre cellules immunitaires et environnement. La matrice extra-cellulaire est remodelée au cours de la réponse immunitaire pour permettre la migration des cellules vers le site infectieux. Les peptides issus de la dégradation de la matrice peuvent influencer les fonctions biologiques des cellules immunitaires. Dans les pathologies impliquant des tissus riches en élastine, les cellules de la réponse inflammatoire et immunitaire, notamment les polynucléaires neutrophiles (PN) et les cellules dendritiques se retrouvent dans un environnement riche en produits issus de la dégradation de l élastine. Le travail de thèse présenté ici nous a permis de montrer que les peptides d élastine (PE) régulent les fonctions des PN de sujets sains en augmentant de façon significative leur capacité migratoire, leur capacité à produire des cytokines pro-inflammatoire et à phagocyter les agents pathogènes. Les effets régulateurs des PE sont moindres chez les sujets BPCO et varient en fonction de l état clinique des patients. Les propriétés biologiques des PN de patients BPCO en exacerbation ne sont pas affectées par les PE. Cette différence de réponse aux PE des PN de patients BPCO à l état stable ou à l état exacerbé est proportionnellement liée au niveau d expression du récepteur S-Gal à la surface des PN. Dans un second travail nous avons montré que les PE sont capables d attirer les CD au niveau du site infectieux sans influencer la maturation des cellules induite par une activation antigénique. L effet des PE sur la migration des CD met en jeu le récepteur S-Gal présent à la surface des cellules. Par ailleurs, les PE orientent la réponse cytokinique des CD activées par le LPS vers un profil de type Th-2 et favorisent l émergence d un profil tolérogénique des CD. Ces effets régulateurs des PE sont médiés via l interaction PE/S-Gal et conduisent au développement d une réponse adaptative T régulatrice. L ensemble de ces résultats suggère que les PE participent activement à la régulation de la réponse immunitaire innée et adaptativeOrganisme defense against pathogens needs complexe interactions interactions between immune cells and environnement. The extracellular matrix is being remodeled to aloww cells to migrate to infectious site. Peptides generated by this degradation can influence biological fonctions of immune cells. In pathologies involving elastin rich tissue degradation inflammatory and immune cells, especially neutrophils and dendritic cells are in an environnement including numbers of matrix degradation products. This work shows that Elastin Peptides (EP) can regulate the fonctions of neutrophils from healthy subjects, by increasing significantly their migration, their cytokines production and their phagocytic capacity. These EP effects are howeever less important en stable COPD subject and depends on the clinical state of these patients. Indeed the biological properties of neutrophils from COPD patients in exacerbation are not affected by EP. This discrepancy considering the clinical state can be explained by the level of the S-Gal receptor expression. In a second part we have shown the ability of the EP to attract dendritic cell (DC) on the infection site without couetracting DC maturation. This effect involves the S-Gal receptor present on the surface of the cells. EP can also oriente the cytokine production by LPS-induced toward a Th-2 profil and favorise the emergence of DC with tolerogenic features. These effects are mediated throug EP/S-Gal interaction and leads to the developement of a T regulatory response. All of these results suggest that EP are involved in the regulation of innate and adaptative immunity.REIMS-SCD-Bib. electronique (514549901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive et vieillissement du système immunitaire

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    REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF
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