La mobilité des enfants à l’épreuve de la rue : Impacts de l’aménagement de zones 30 sur leurs comportements

Un grand nombre d’aménagements urbains de l’espace public cherche à « pacifier » le trafic automobile afin d’améliorer le cadre de vie (moins de bruit, moins de pollution), de mieux partager la rue entre les différents usagers et surtout d’assurer un bon niveau de sécurité pour les plus vulnérables. C’est le cas des zones 30, une pratique largement développée dans les villes françaises. La question que pose cet article est la suivante. En réduisant la vitesse et le trafic automobile, ces aménagements répondent aussi aux enjeux du transport durable qui vise, entre autres, à promouvoir la marche à pied. Qu’en est-il au sujet plus spécifique de la mobilité des enfants, dont nous savons qu’elle se caractérise pour l’essentiel par une faible part de déplacement autonome et une dépendance marquée à l’automobilisme ? Autrement dit, la mise en zone 30 d’un quartier permet-elle une mobilité plus autonome des enfants et une plus grande pratique de la marche à pied ? Pour y répondre, une série d’observations non participantes a été menée dans différents sites en zone 30 à Paris.In many cases, urban planning of public spaces aims at “pacifying” automobile traffic in such a way as to improve the living environment (less noise, less pollution), to achieve a more equitable sharing of the street amongst its various users and, above all, to provide a high level of security for those who are the most vulnerable. This development is to be seen in the speed- controlled “Zones 30,” which are widespread in French cities.The question we ask in the present article is whether, by reducing the speed and the number of automobiles, we are also making a positive contribution to the issues linked to sustainable transportation, including that of promoting walking per se. And what impact does it have on the more specific problem of child mobility which, as we know is essentially characterized by a low level of independent urban displacement and a major dependence on car travel? In other words, does the introduction into the neighborhood of a Zone 30 allow children to move around more autonomously, to walk more? To answer this question a series of non-participant observations were carried out in different Zone 30 areas in Paris

Influence of barley malting operating parameters on T-2 and HT-2 toxinogenesis of Fusarium langsethiae, a worrying contaminant of malting barley in Europe.

The fungus Fusarium langsethiae, exclusively described in Europe at present, seems to have taken the place of other Fusarium species in barley fields over the last 5 years. It has proved to be a highly toxic type-A trichothecene producer (T-2 and HT-2 toxins). The aim of this work was to study the ecotoxinogenesis of this fungus the better to identify and manage the health risk it may pose during the beer manufacturing process. The influence of temperature and water activity on its growth rate and production of toxins are particularly assessed from a macroscopic point of view. Different cultures were grown on sterilized rehydrated barley with a water activity between 0.630 and 0.997 and a temperature ranging from 5 to 35°C. Biomass specific to F. langsethiae and T-2 and HT-2 toxins were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. It appears that the optimal temperature and water activity for F. langsethiae toxinogenesis are 28°C and 0.997. This fungus was able to produce 2.22 g kg−1 of these toxins in 16 days on barley in optimal production conditions. The malting process seems to be a critical step because, in its temperature range, specific production was six times higher than under optimal temperatures for fungus growth. In the short-term, this work will help redefine the process conditions for malting. In the medium-term, the results will contribute to the development of a molecular tool to diagnose the presence of this contaminant and the detection of the toxins in barley, from fields to the end product

Florence Richard \u27Dickie Baxter Papers - Accession 299

Florence Richard Dickie Baxter (1930-?) was a club woman and former president of the South Carolina Business and Professional Women’s Club. The Florence Richard Baxter Papers consist of correspondence, memoranda, bylaws, financial records, publications, brochures, newspaper clippings, and legislative voting profiles, mainly relating to the South Carolina Business and Professional Women’s Club activities in support of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) ratification in the South Carolina General Assembly and the activities of such South Carolina Women’s organizations as the Columbia chapter of the National Organization of Women (NOW), the South Carolina Coalition for the Equal Rights Amendment, and Equal Rights Amendment South Carolina.https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/manuscriptcollection_findingaids/1335/thumbnail.jp

The sustainable city facing the practice test: introduction

Drawing up an action plan incorporating the principles of sustainable development was the call to local and regional authorities in the document entitled Agenda 21, adopted by the Heads of State gathered at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The Brundtland Report published in 1987, Our Common Future, introduced this notion of sustainable development by defining it as a development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet..

Comparison of Body Mass Index between Pubertal and Prepubertal Females in Okrika

This research work is aimed at examining the effect of pubertal development on body fat in females. 920 female students drawn from 5 secondary schools in Okrika of Rivers State in Nigeria were used as respondents. 460 of these are pubertal while the other 460 are prepubertal. With the aid of a questionnaire, their pubertal or prepubertal status; i.e. presence of pubic hair and/or breast bud, commencement of menstruation was gotten. Their height and weight was also gotten. BMI was calculated for prepubertal and pubertal females and compared statistically. The mean BMI of pubertal females, 19.7, is arithmetically higher than that of prepubertal females, 17.7 and the difference between the mean BMI is very statistically significant (P<0.05). For each age, the BMI of pubertal females was found to be higher than that of prepubertal females and as exemplified by the age groups 12 years and 13 years, the differences between the mean BMI for each age was found to be significant (P<0.05). Irrespective of the pathway the respondents took to puberty, adrenarche or thelarche, the BMI of pubertal females were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of prepubertal females. BMI significantly (P<0.05) increased with progression in pubertal development. The BMI of pubertal females is greater than the BMI of prepubertal females: hence pubertal females have greater body fat than prepubertal females. Females that have reached puberty and are undergoing pubertal development should be careful not to give in wholly to weight reduction programmes. Keywords: BMI, Pubertal, Prepubertal, Body fat

Detecting Episodes with Harmonic Sequences for Fugue Analysis

International audienceFugues alternate between instances of the subject and of other patterns, such as the counter-subject, and modulatory sections called episodes. The episodes play an important role in the overall design of a fugue: detecting them may help the analysis of the fugue, in complement to a subject and a counter-subject detection. We propose an algorithm to retrieve episodes in the fugues of the first book of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, starting from a symbolic score which is already track-separated. The algorithm does not use any information on subject or counter-subject occurrences, but tries to detect partial harmonic sequences, that is similar pitch contour in at least two voices. For this, it uses a substitution function considering "quantized partially overlapping intervals" [Lemström and Laine, 98] and a strict length matching for all notes, except for the first and the last one. On half of the tested fugues, the algorithm has correct or good results, enabling to sketch the design of the fugue