54 research outputs found
The Potential Impact on Farmer Health of Enhanced Export Horticultural Trade between the U.K. and Uganda
- Author
- Achterbosch
- Bowling
- Cho-Min-Naing
- Chuma
- Cross
- Diener
- Gabre-Madhin
- Gallup
- Gareth Edwards-Jones
- Gough
- Hawkes
- Jaffee
- Joseph
- Kappel
- Kind
- Laxminarayan
- Lynch
- Mackenbach
- Mayer
- McCulloch
- Mela
- Minot
- Paul Cross
- Perkins
- Philip Nyeko
- Rhiannon Edwards
- Rice
- Sachs
- Sanson-Fisher
- Sapin
- Singh-Manoux
- Sonko
- Stronks
- Van Doorslaer
- Villarejo
- Wagner
- Wannamethee
- Ware
- Ware
- Ware
- Ware
- Whitaker
- Williams
- Wyss
- Yost
- Publication venue
- Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
- Publication date
- 01/04/2009
- Field of study
The export of vegetables from African countries to European markets presents consumers with an ethical dilemma: should they support local, but relatively well-off farmers, or poorer farmers from distant countries? This paper considers the issue of farm worker health in the U.K. and Uganda, and considers the dilemma facing U.K. consumers if Uganda achieves their aim of exporting more vegetables to the U.K. Self-reported health scores of 1,200 farm workers in the U.K. and Uganda were measured with the internationally recognised SF-36 questionnaire and compared to an international population norm. The age-corrected health status of U.K. farm workers was significantly lower than the population norm, whereas Ugandans scored significantly higher (indicating good health) for physical health and lower for mental health. If Ugandan produce enters U.K. markets, then consumers may wish to consider both the potential benefits that enhanced trade could offer Ugandan farmers compared with its impacts on U.K. workers
Whole genome sequencing to investigate the emergence of clonal complex 23 Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y disease in the United States
- Author
- A Cehovin
- A Egan
- A Krogh
- A Krogh
- A Schuchat
- AC Chiou
- AL Delcher
- AL Delcher
- AS Juncker
- B Joseph
- C Schoen
- CA Hsu
- CM Kahler
- David R. Riley
- DH Huson
- DR Riley
- E Carbonnelle
- H Tettelin
- H Tettelin
- Hervé Tettelin
- HQ Jiang
- J Crabtree
- J Leimkugel
- J Parkhill
- J Peng
- Jane W. Marsh
- JC Dunning Hotopp
- JC Dunning Hotopp
- JD Bendtsen
- JS Bennett
- Julie C. Dunning Hotopp
- K Lagesen
- L Falquet
- LA Jackson
- Lee H. Harrison
- Leonard W. Mayer
- LH Harrison
- LH Harrison
- M Achtman
- M Comanducci
- M Pizza
- Mary G. Krauland
- MC McEllistrem
- Nancy E. Messonnier
- NE Rosenstein
- P Rice
- P Zhu
- PM Power
- PM Power
- PS Moore
- R Chenna
- Ray Borrow
- RC Edgar
- S Budroni
- S Castillo-Ramirez
- S Gupta
- S Salzberg
- Sean C. Daugherty
- SF Altschul
- SR Eddy
- SV Angiuoli
- T Rudel
- TM Lowe
- X Didelot
- X Nassif
- Z Yang
- Publication venue
- 'Public Library of Science (PLoS)'
- Publication date
- 27/04/2012
- Field of study
In the United States, serogroup Y, ST-23 clonal complex Neisseria meningitidis was responsible for an increase in meningococcal disease incidence during the 1990s. This increase was accompanied by antigenic shift of three outer membrane proteins, with a decrease in the population that predominated in the early 1990s as a different population emerged later in that decade. To understand factors that may have been responsible for the emergence of serogroup Y disease, we used whole genome pyrosequencing to investigate genetic differences between isolates from early and late N. meningitidis populations, obtained from meningococcal disease cases in Maryland in the 1990s. The genomes of isolates from the early and late populations were highly similar, with 1231 of 1776 shared genes exhibiting 100% amino acid identity and an average πN = 0.0033 and average πS = 0.0216. However, differences were found in predicted proteins that affect pilin structure and antigen profile and in predicted proteins involved in iron acquisition and uptake. The observed changes are consistent with acquisition of new alleles through horizontal gene transfer. Changes in antigen profile due to the genetic differences found in this study likely allowed the late population to emerge due to escape from population immunity. These findings may predict which antigenic factors are important in the cyclic epidemiology of meningococcal disease
Fc Effector Function Contributes to the Activity of Human Anti-CTLA-4 Antibodies.
- Author
- Abbosh Christopher
- Adams Haydn
- Ahmad Tanya
- Ahmed Asia
- Aitchison Michael
- Al-Bakir Maise
- Alzetani Aiman
- Ambrose Lyn
- Anand Girija
- Arce Vargas Frederick
- Asante-Siaw Julius
- Attanoos Richard
- Azcarate Leire
- Bakar Yusura
- Bancroft Hollie
- Begum Sharmin
- Bell Harriet
- Bellamy Mary
- Ben Aissa Assma
- Bennett Jonathan
- Bhayani Harshil
- Bishop Paul
- Blackhall Fiona
- Blyth Kevin
- Booton Richard
- Borg Elaine
- Bowman Alex
- Brady Ged
- Buchan Keith
- Buderi Silviu
- Bury Jonathan
- Califano Raffaele
- Carlo Ronquillo John
- Carnell Dawn
- Challacombe Ben
- Chambers Tim
- Chandra Ashish
- Chaturvedi Anshuman
- Chavan Hema
- Chee Serena
- Chemie Francesca
- Chetty Mahendran
- Choudhary Junaid
- Chowdhury Simon
- Conibear John
- Costa Marta
- Crosbie Phil
- Czyzewska-Khan Justyna
- Danson Sarah
- Davies Helen
- De Sousa Paulo
- Denner Tamara
- Devaraj Anand
- Dick Craig
- Dive Caroline
- Djearaman Madava
- Doran Helen
- Drake William
- Edwards John
- Elena Cufari Maria
- Elgar Greg
- Ensell Leah
- Escudero Mickael
- Evison Matthew
- Ezhil Veni
- Falzon Mary
- Feeney Sarah
- Fennell Dean
- Fernando Archana
- Finch Jonathan
- Fontaine Eustace
- Forster Martin
- Fotiadis Nicos
- Francis Nicholas
- Frendéus Björn
- Furness Andrew J.S.
- George Jeremy
- George Robert
- Georgiou Andrew
- Ghorani Ehsan
- Goldman Jacki
- Gomersall Lesley
- Gore Martin
- Gorman Pat
- Gosney John
- Gower Nicole
- Green Sophie
- Gulati Sakshi
- Hackshaw Allan
- Hamilton Morag
- Harrington Kevin
- Harrison Phil
- Harrison-Phipps Karen
- Hartley John
- Hayes Andrew
- Hayward Martin
- Hazell Steve
- Henry Jake Y.
- Herrero Javier
- Hiley Crispin
- Hill Jennifer
- Hill Peter
- Horey Tracey
- Horsfield Catherine
- Horswell Stuart
- Hrouda David
- Hynds Robert
- Idries Faiza
- Jamal-Hanjani Mariam
- Janes Sam
- Johnson Benjamin
- Johnson Diana
- Jordan Simon
- Joseph Leena
- Joshi Kroopa
- Juul Birkbak Nicolai
- Kadiri Salma
- Kerr Amy
- Kerr Keith
- Kevin Stone Richard
- Khan Sajid
- Khiroya Reena
- Kirk Alan
- Kitsanta Yota
- Kooiman Gordon
- Kornaszewska Malgorzata
- Krysiak Piotr
- Kwayie Angela
- Langman Gerald
- Larkin James
- Lau Kelvin
- Lawrence David
- Laycock Joanne
- Le Quesne John
- leek Angela
- Lesko Marta H.
- Lester Jason
- Light Teresa
- Lim Eric
- Litchfield Kevin
- Ljungars Anne
- Lock Sara
- Lopez Jose
- Lowe Helen
- Lynch Joanna
- MacKenzie Mairead
- Marafioti Teresa
- Marie Quinn Anne
- Marshall Hilary
- Martinson Luke
- Mashinga Hillaria
- Matthews Sue
- Mayer Eric
- McGranahan Nicholas
- Melcher Alan
- Mendes Ruheena
- Mensah Natalie
- Middleton Gary
- Miller Joy
- Ming Lee Siow
- Mitter Richard
- Monteiro William
- Moore David
- Moore Katrina
- Morgan Fiona
- Moss Stuart
- Mårtensson Linda
- Naidu Babu
- Nakas Apostolos
- Navani Neal
- Nelson Louise
- Ngai Yenting
- Nicholson Andrew
- Nicol David
- Nicolson Marianne
- Novasio Juliette
- Novelli Marco
- Nye Emma
- O'Brien Tim
- O'Connor Kevin
- O'Donnell Marie
- Olsburgh Jonathan
- Ottensmeier Christian
- Oukrif Dahmane
- Palmer Shirley
- Panagiotopoulos Nikolaos
- Papadatos-Pastos Dionysis
- Patrini Davide
- Peggs Karl S.
- Phillimore Ben
- Pickering Lisa
- Pierce Jackie
- Polson Alexander
- Postmus Pieter
- Prakash Vineet
- Primrose Lindsay
- Proli Chiara
- Pule Martin
- Quezada Sergio A.
- Rammohan Kendadai
- Rathinam Sridhar
- Raubenheimer Hilgardt
- Reading James
- Remmen Hardy
- Rice Alexandra
- Riley Joan
- Roddie Claire
- Rogan Jane
- Rosenthal Rachel
- Rothwell Dominic
- Rowan Andrew
- Rudman Sarah
- Ruef Nora
- Russell Peter
- Scarci Marco
- Schmid Peter
- Shackcloth Michael
- Shah Rajesh
- Shaw Emily
- Shaw Jacqui
- Shaw Penny
- Sheaff Michael
- Smith Elaine
- Smith Myles
- Smith Sean
- Solomon Isabelle
- Spain Lavinia
- Stamp Gordon
- Stewart Aengus
- Stewart Grant
- Strauss Dirk
- Summers Yvonne
- Suvarna Kim
- Swanton Charles
- Tavares Barbosa Monica
- Taylor Magali
- Taylor Paul
- Teige Ingrid
- Tran Maxine
- Trotter Simon
- Tugwood Jonathan
- Turajlic Samra
- van Loo Peter
- Varia Mary
- Veeriah Raju
- Verma Hema
- Waddington Rachael
- Ward Sophie
- Watkins Thomas
- Webb Joanne
- Werner Sunderland Mariana
- Wilcox Maggie
- Wilson Gareth
- Wong Yien Ning Sophia
- Wotherspoon Andrew
- Publication venue
- Cancer Cell
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
With the use of a mouse model expressing human Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs), we demonstrated that antibodies with isotypes equivalent to ipilimumab and tremelimumab mediate intra-tumoral regulatory T (Treg) cell depletion in vivo, increasing the CD8+ to Treg cell ratio and promoting tumor rejection. Antibodies with improved FcγR binding profiles drove superior anti-tumor responses and survival. In patients with advanced melanoma, response to ipilimumab was associated with the CD16a-V158F high affinity polymorphism. Such activity only appeared relevant in the context of inflamed tumors, explaining the modest response rates observed in the clinical setting. Our data suggest that the activity of anti-CTLA-4 in inflamed tumors may be improved through enhancement of FcγR binding, whereas poorly infiltrated tumors will likely require combination approaches
Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy
- Author
- Abatemarco
- Abdullah
- Adams
- Adams
- Adams
- Adams
- Al-Sahab
- Albrecht
- Albrecht
- Albrecht
- Albrecht
- Albrecht
- Albrecht
- Albrecht
- Albrecht
- Albrecht
- Albrecht
- Albrecht
- Aligne
- Althabe
- Althabe
- Altman
- Amir
- Amir
- Andrews
- Andrews
- Apollonio
- Ashfaq
- Atkinson
- Aveyard
- Aveyard
- Aveyard
- Aveyard
- Aveyard
- Aveyard
- Aveyard
- Aveyard
- Aveyard
- Aveyard
- Ayadi
- Baba
- Bakker
- Bakker
- Bakker
- Bala
- Balfour
- Baric
- Baric
- Barnes
- Barnes
- Barnes
- Barraclough
- Barth
- Bartholomew
- Bartlett
- Bauld
- Bauld
- Baum
- Bauman
- Baxi
- Beenstock
- Belizan
- Berg
- Berg
- Bernstein
- Bhaumik
- Bize
- Blake
- Blalock
- Blalock
- Blalock
- Blasco Oliete
- Bloch
- Bombard
- Bond
- Bond
- Bonollo
- Bonollo
- Boshier
- Bowden
- Boyd
- Boyle
- Brandon
- Brinn
- Britton
- Britton
- Bryant
- Bullock
- Bullock
- Bullock
- Bullock
- Bullock
- Bullock
- Bullock
- Burgess
- Burling
- Bush
- Byrd
- Cabana
- Cahill
- Cahill
- Cahill
- Cahill
- Cahill
- Cahill
- Cahill
- Calderón
- Campbell
- Campion
- Carr
- Carson
- Carson
- Carson
- Carson
- Cates
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Chamberlain
- Chan
- Chan
- Chang
- Chapin
- Chapman
- Chapman
- Chasnoff
- Chasnoff
- Cheng
- Chi
- Chomba
- Cinciripini
- Cinciripini
- Civljak
- Civljak
- Cnattingius
- Cobb
- Cochran
- Coleman
- Coleman
- Coleman
- Coleman
- Coleman-Cowger
- Colomar
- Cook
- Cooke
- Cooke
- Cooke
- Cooke
- Cooke
- Cooke
- Cooke
- Cooper
- Cope
- Cope
- Cope
- Cope
- Coppo
- Correa
- Cox
- Crawford
- Crawford
- Critchley
- Crittenden
- Crittenden
- Culp
- Curry
- Cypher
- David
- DerSimonian
- Disantis
- Disantis
- Dixon
- Dixon
- Donatelle
- Donatelle
- Donath
- Donovan
- Donovan
- Donovan
- Donovan
- Dornelas
- Duckworth
- Dunkley
- Dwyer
- Eades
- Ebbert
- Ebert
- Ebert
- Edwards
- Einarson
- El-Khorazaty
- El-Mohandes
- El-Mohandes
- El-Mohandes
- El-Mohandes
- El-Mohandes
- Emmons
- England
- England
- England
- Eriksson
- Eriksson
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Ershoff
- Everett
- Everett-Murphy
- Ewigman
- Fang
- Farley
- Farrimond
- Fernander
- Ferreira-Borges
- Fish
- Fish
- Flemming
- Flemming
- Flemming
- Flenady
- Floyd
- Fox
- Fox
- Fox
- Frazer
- Frazer
- French
- Frost
- Gadomski
- Gage
- Gebauer
- Gielen
- Gilbert
- Gilligan
- Gilligan
- Gilligan
- Gilligan
- Gilligan
- Gilmore
- Giovino
- Glanz
- Gleeson
- Glover
- Glover
- Gluckman
- Gould
- Gould
- Gourlay
- Graham
- Graham
- Graham
- Graham
- Graham
- Grange
- Greaves
- Greaves
- Green
- Greenhalgh
- Grol
- Gupta
- Gupta
- Gupta
- Haddow
- Haddow
- Hahn
- Hahn
- Haines
- Hajek
- Hajek
- Hajek
- Hamilton
- Hammoud
- Hannover
- Harbord
- Hartmann
- Hartmann
- Hartmann
- Hartmann-Boyce
- Hartmann-Boyce
- Haug
- Haug
- Haug
- Haug
- Hayes
- Haynes
- Healton
- Heath
- Hebel
- Hegaard
- Hegaard
- Hegaard
- Hegaard
- Heil
- Heil
- Hemsing
- Hennrikus
- Heppner
- Herbec
- Herbert
- Herbert
- Herrmann
- Hiett
- Higgins
- Higgins
- Higgins
- Higgins
- Higgins
- Higgins
- Higgins
- Higgins
- Higgins
- Higgins
- Higgins
- Hjalmarson
- Hoddinott
- Hoddinott
- Hoek
- Hollands
- Horta
- Hotham
- Hotham
- Hotham
- Hotham
- Howard
- Huang
- Hueston
- Hughes
- Hughes
- Hughes
- Hughes
- Hunt
- Hurt
- Hymowitz
- Hymowitz
- Hymowitz
- Hymowitz
- Jaakola
- Jeyashree
- Jimenez-Muro
- Johnston
- Johnston
- Johnston
- Johnston
- Jones
- Joseph
- Kadir
- Kallen
- Kaper
- Kaplan
- Kapur
- Karatay
- Katz
- Katz
- Kaufman
- Kazemi
- Kemp
- Kemp
- Kendrick
- Kendzor
- Khanna
- Kientz
- Kim
- Kim
- Kim
- King
- Klebanoff
- Kong
- Kramer
- Kuss
- Lambe
- Lancaster
- Lancaster
- Lancaster
- Lancaster
- Lando
- Lando
- Langford
- Lanting
- Lawrence
- Lawrence
- Lawrence
- Lawrence
- Lawrence
- Lawrence
- Lawrence
- Lawson
- Lee
- Lee
- LeFevre
- Levine
- Levine
- Leviton
- Lightwood
- Lilley
- Lillington
- Linares Scott
- Linares Scott
- Lindson-Hawley
- Lindson-Hawley
- Lindson-Hawley
- Lipsey
- Loke
- Lopez
- Lopez
- Lopez
- Lopez
- Lopez
- Lopez
- Lopez
- Lopez
- Lorencatto
- Loukopoulou
- Loukopoulou
- Lovato
- Lowe
- Lowe
- Lowe
- Lowe
- Lumley
- Lumley
- Lumley
- Lumley
- Lussier
- Lynagh
- Ma
- MacArthur
- MacArthur
- MacArthur
- Malchodi
- Manfredi
- Manfredi
- Manfredi
- Manfredi
- Manfredi
- Mantzari
- Maritz
- Marufu
- Massey
- Mauriello
- Mayer
- Mayer
- Maziak
- McBride
- McBride
- McBride
- McBride
- McBride
- McDermott
- McLaren
- McLellan
- McLeod
- McLeod
- McNeill
- McNeill
- McRobbie
- Meer
- Meer
- Meghea
- Mejdoubi
- Mejdoubi
- Mejia
- Merchant
- Merlo
- Messimer
- Michie
- Michie
- Michie
- Miller
- Miller
- Miller
- Mirahmadizadeh
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Morales-Suarez-Varela
- Morasco
- Morasco
- Mullen
- Mullen
- Mullen
- Mullen
- Mullen
- Mullen
- Mullen
- Mund
- Murray
- Murthy
- National Institute of Clinical Studies
- Naughton
- Nguyen
- Nguyen
- Nichter
- Noar
- Nowicki
- Nowicki
- Nutbeam
- O'Connor
- Okoli
- Olds
- Olds
- Olds
- Olds
- Oliver
- Oncken
- Oncken
- Oncken
- Oncken
- Ondersma
- Ondersma
- Ondersma
- Ondersma
- Ondersma
- Ondersma
- Orr
- Ortendahl
- Ortendahl
- Ortendahl
- Ortendahl
- Ortendahl
- Ortendahl
- Ortendahl
- Ortendahl
- Ostrea
- Owen-Jones
- Panaretto
- Panjari
- Panjari
- Panjari
- Papadakis
- Park
- Park
- Parker
- Parker
- Passey
- Patrick
- Patten
- Patten
- Pbert
- Peden
- Perlen
- Petersen
- Peterson
- Petticrew
- Pettiti
- Phillips
- Pickett
- Polanska
- Polanska
- Polanska
- Polanska
- Polanska
- Pollak
- Pollak
- Pollak
- Pollak
- Pollak
- Pomerleau
- Pool
- Potter
- Power
- Prapavessis
- Pratinidhi
- Price
- Price
- Prochaska
- Prochaska
- Pullon
- Quinn
- Quinn
- Quinn
- Radley
- Ratner
- Ratsch
- Rattan
- Reading
- Reading
- Reda
- Regules
- Regules
- Regules
- Reitzel
- Rende
- Rice
- Richmond
- Riemsma
- Rigotti
- Rigotti
- Rigotti
- Robling
- Rogers
- Rogers
- Ruger
- Ruger
- Ruggiero
- Ruggiero
- Rush
- Ryan
- Röske
- Röske
- Salihu
- Samet
- Sayers
- Schmidt
- Schneider
- Scott
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Secker-Walker
- Sedgwick
- Sedgwick
- Serra
- Sexton
- Sexton
- Shipton
- Shoff
- Simmons
- Sinclair
- Siu AL for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
- Slade
- Slotkin
- Small
- Smedberg
- Sockrider
- Solomon
- Solomon
- Solomon
- Solomon
- Solomon
- Spangler
- Spierto
- Stanton
- Stanton
- Stead
- Stead
- Stead
- Stead
- Stead
- Stead
- Stead
- Stead
- Stead
- Sterne
- Steyn
- Stotts
- Stotts
- Stotts
- Stotts
- Stotts
- Strand
- Strauss
- Strecher
- Subramanian
- Subramoney
- Suplee
- Sutton
- Svanberg
- Swamy
- Tamim
- Tan
- Tappin
- Tappin
- Tappin
- Tappin
- Tappin
- Tappin
- Tappin
- Taylor
- Thomas
- Thomas
- Thomas
- Thompson
- Thomsen
- Thomson
- Thornton
- Thornton
- Thyrian
- Thyrian
- Thyrian
- Todd
- Tong
- Tong
- Tong
- Troe
- Tsoh
- Tsoi
- Tuten
- Tuten
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Ussher
- Ussher
- Ussher
- Ussher
- Ussher
- Ussher
- Valanis
- Valanis
- Valbo
- Valbo
- Valbo
- Vardavas
- Velasquez
- Venditti
- Verma
- Victora
- Vilches
- Vilches
- Vilches
- Villar
- Vries
- Wadland
- Wakschlag
- Walsh
- Walsh
- Walsh
- Wanless
- Washio
- Washio
- Watt
- Webb
- Welch
- Wendland
- West
- White
- Whittaker
- Wiemann
- Wiggins
- Wilkinson
- Wilkinson
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Windsor
- Winickoff
- Wisborg
- Wisborg
- Wong
- Wood
- Woodby
- World Health Organization
- Yang
- Yilmaz
- Yoon
- Zapka
- Zapka
- Zapka
- Zapka
- Zeng
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2017
- Field of study
Background: Tobacco smoking remains one of the few preventable factors associated with complications in pregnancy, and has serious long-term implications for women and babies. Smoking in pregnancy is decreasing in high-income countries, but is strongly associated with poverty and is increasing in low- to middle-income countries.
Objectives: To assess the effects of smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy on smoking behaviour and perinatal health outcomes.
Search methods: In this sixth update, we searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (13 November 2015), checked reference lists of retrieved studies and contacted trial authors.
Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials, cluster-randomised trials, and quasi-randomised controlled trials of psychosocial smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy.
Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and trial quality, and extracted data. Direct comparisons were conducted in RevMan, with meta-regression conducted in STATA 14.
Main results: The overall quality of evidence was moderate to high, with reductions in confidence due to imprecision and heterogeneity for some outcomes. One hundred and two trials with 120 intervention arms (studies) were included, with 88 trials (involving over 28,000 women) providing data on smoking abstinence in late pregnancy. Interventions were categorised as counselling, health education, feedback, incentives, social support, exercise and dissemination.
In separate comparisons, there is high-quality evidence that counselling increased smoking cessation in late pregnancy compared with usual care (30 studies; average risk ratio (RR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19 to 1.73) and less intensive interventions (18 studies; average RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.47). There was uncertainty whether counselling increased the chance of smoking cessation when provided as one component of a broader maternal health intervention or comparing one type of counselling with another. In studies comparing counselling and usual care (largest comparison), it was unclear whether interventions prevented smoking relapse among women who had stopped smoking spontaneously in early pregnancy. However, a clear effect was seen in smoking abstinence at zero to five months postpartum (11 studies; average RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.01) and 12 to 17 months (two studies, average RR 2.20, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.96), with a borderline effect at six to 11 months (six studies; average RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.77). In other comparisons, the effect was unclear for most secondary outcomes, but sample sizes were small.
Evidence suggests a borderline effect of health education compared with usual care (five studies; average RR 1.59, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.55), but the quality was downgraded to moderate as the effect was unclear when compared with less intensive interventions (four studies; average RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.70), alternative interventions (one study; RR 1.88, 95% CI 0.19 to 18.60), or when smoking cessation health education was provided as one component of a broader maternal health intervention.
There was evidence feedback increased smoking cessation when compared with usual care and provided in conjunction with other strategies, such as counselling (average RR 4.39, 95% CI 1.89 to 10.21), but the confidence in the quality of evidence was downgraded to moderate as this was based on only two studies and the effect was uncertain when feedback was compared to less intensive interventions (three studies; average RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.75 to 2.20).
High-quality evidence suggests incentive-based interventions are effective when compared with an alternative (non-contingent incentive) intervention (four studies; RR 2.36, 95% CI 1.36 to 4.09). However pooled effects were not calculable for comparisons with usual care or less intensive interventions (substantial heterogeneity, I2 = 93%).
High-quality evidence suggests the effect is unclear in social support interventions provided by peers (six studies; average RR 1.42, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.07), in a single trial of support provided by partners, or when social support for smoking cessation was provided as part of a broader intervention to improve maternal health.
The effect was unclear in single interventions of exercise compared to usual care (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.72 to 2.01) and dissemination of counselling (RR 1.63, 95% CI 0.62 to 4.32).
Importantly, high-quality evidence from pooled results demonstrated that women who received psychosocial interventions had a 17% reduction in infants born with low birthweight, a significantly higher mean birthweight (mean difference (MD) 55.60 g, 95% CI 29.82 to 81.38 g higher) and a 22% reduction in neonatal intensive care admissions. However the difference in preterm births and stillbirths was unclear. There did not appear to be adverse psychological effects from the interventions.
The intensity of support women received in both the intervention and comparison groups has increased over time, with higher-intensity interventions more likely to have higher-intensity comparisons, potentially explaining why no clear differences were seen with increasing intervention intensity in meta-regression analyses. Among meta-regression analyses: studies classified as having 'unclear' implementation and unequal baseline characteristics were less effective than other studies. There was no clear difference between trials implemented by researchers (efficacy studies), and those implemented by routine pregnancy staff (effectiveness studies), however there was uncertainty in the effectiveness of counselling in four dissemination trials where the focus on the intervention was at an organisational level. The pooled effects were similar in interventions provided for women classified as having predominantly low socio-economic status, compared to other women. The effect was significant in interventions among women from ethnic minority groups; however not among indigenous women. There were similar effect sizes in trials with biochemically validated smoking abstinence and those with self-reported abstinence. It was unclear whether incorporating use of self-help manuals or telephone support increased the effectiveness of interventions.
Authors' conclusions: Psychosocial interventions to support women to stop smoking in pregnancy can increase the proportion of women who stop smoking in late pregnancy and the proportion of infants born low birthweight. Counselling, feedback and incentives appear to be effective, however the characteristics and context of the interventions should be carefully considered. The effect of health education and social support is less clear. New trials have been published during the preparation of this review and will be included in the next update
Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in COVID-19.
- Author
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- S Williams
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- S Yussuf
- Sabino Scolletta
- Samreen Ijaz
- Sandro Mancarella
- Sandro Panese
- Sara Amitrano
- Sara McDonald
- Sarah Law
- Sarah McCafferty
- Saverio Giuseppe Parisi
- Saye Khoo
- Scott Richard
- Semple Malcolm G
- Serafina Valente
- Serena Ludovisi
- Sergio Daga
- Seán Keating
- Shankar-Hari Manu
- Shen Xia
- Shih Barbara
- Shiranee Sriskandan
- Shona C Moore
- Silvia Cappelli
- Simona Marcantonio
- Simone Furini
- Sophie Halpin
- Sophie Venturelli
- Stefania Mantovani
- Stefano Baratti
- Stefano Ceri
- Stefano Rusconi
- Stella Aslibekyan
- Stephanie Roberts
- Stephen R Knight
- Summers Charlotte
- Susanna Croci
- Susanna Guerrini
- T Anderson
- T Arden
- T Baird
- T Behan
- T Bemand
- T Cosier
- T Coventry
- T Duncan
- T Felton
- T Geary
- T Hazleton
- T Joefield
- T Kannan
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- T Martin
- T McHugh
- T Newman
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- T O Jones
- T Pogreban
- T Rees
- T Samakomva
- T Smith
- T Smith
- T Szakmany
- T Varghes
- T Williams
- T Wood
- Tammy Gilchrist
- Tenesa Albert
- Teresa Filshtein-Sonmez
- Thomas M Drake
- Thushan de Silva
- Tim Walsh
- Tom Fletcher
- Tom Solomon
- Tony Wackett
- Trevor Paterson
- Tullio Trotta
- Turtle Lance
- U Poultney
- V Amin
- V Anumakonda
- V Bastion
- V Cannons
- V Crickmore
- V Gopal
- V Irvine
- V Kasipandian
- V Krishnamurthy
- V Lake
- V Linnett
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- V Parris
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- V Pristopan
- V Ratnam
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- V Sarathy
- V Thomas
- V Thwaites
- V Tuckey
- V Turner
- V Wagstaff
- V Waugh
- Valentina Anemoli
- Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Victoria Shaw
- Vitart Veronique
- W Harrison
- W Khaliq
- W Khaliq
- W McCormick
- W Woodyatt
- Walker Susan
- Walsh Timothy
- Wang Bo
- Wei Shen Lim
- Wendy S Barclay
- William A Paxton
- William Greenhalf
- Wilson James F
- Wrobel Nicola
- Wu Yang
- X Qiu
- Y Baird
- Y Choudhury
- Y Hussain
- Y Jackson
- Y Thirlwall
- Yang Jian
- Yang Zhijian
- Z Alldis
- Z Belagodu
- Z Bradshaw
- Z Coton
- Z Daly
- Z Farzad
- Z Fernandez
- Z Garland
- Z Maqsood
- Z Omar
- Z Prime
- Z Scott
- Zechner Marie
- Zhai Ranran
- Zheng Chenqing
- Publication venue
- Nature
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Host-mediated lung inflammation is present1, and drives mortality2, in the critical illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Host genetic variants associated with critical illness may identify mechanistic targets for therapeutic development3. Here we report the results of the GenOMICC (Genetics Of Mortality In Critical Care) genome-wide association study in 2,244 critically ill patients with COVID-19 from 208 UK intensive care units. We have identified and replicated the following new genome-wide significant associations: on chromosome 12q24.13 (rs10735079, P = 1.65 × 10-8) in a gene cluster that encodes antiviral restriction enzyme activators (OAS1, OAS2 and OAS3); on chromosome 19p13.2 (rs74956615, P = 2.3 × 10-8) near the gene that encodes tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2); on chromosome 19p13.3 (rs2109069, P = 3.98 × 10-12) within the gene that encodes dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9); and on chromosome 21q22.1 (rs2236757, P = 4.99 × 10-8) in the interferon receptor gene IFNAR2. We identified potential targets for repurposing of licensed medications: using Mendelian randomization, we found evidence that low expression of IFNAR2, or high expression of TYK2, are associated with life-threatening disease; and transcriptome-wide association in lung tissue revealed that high expression of the monocyte-macrophage chemotactic receptor CCR2 is associated with severe COVID-19. Our results identify robust genetic signals relating to key host antiviral defence mechanisms and mediators of inflammatory organ damage in COVID-19. Both mechanisms may be amenable to targeted treatment with existing drugs. However, large-scale randomized clinical trials will be essential before any change to clinical practice
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
- Author
- Abd Elghafar M. S.
- Abdel-Aziz M.
- Abdelrazik M.
- Abdollahi H.
- Abdullah T.
- Abecasis G. R.
- Abedalthagafi M.
- Abel L.
- Abernathy C.
- Abraheem A.
- Abul-Husn N. S.
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2–4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease
Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial
- Author
- Abbas M.
- Abdul Rasheed A.
- Abdul A.
- Abdul-Kadir R.
- Abdusamad K.
- Abernethy K.
- Aboelela H.
- Abouzaid M.
- Abraham M.
- Abraham T.
- Abrams J.
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- Adewunmi E.
- Adeyemo T.
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- Al-Saadi Z.
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- Publication venue
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Publication date
- 31/01/2024
- Field of study
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
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- Valentino F.
- van Blokland I.
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- Venkatesh H.
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- Walker S.
- Walker S.
- Wall A.
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- Walsh T.
- Walters R.K.
- Walton O.
- Wang B.
- Wang J.
- Wang X.
- Wanying Z.
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- Ward L.
- Ward M.
- Warden S.
- Warmerdam R.
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- Wasson C.
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- Webster D.
- Webster K.
- Wei S.
- Weiss S.T.
- Weldon C.H.
- Wells C.
- Welters I.D.
- Weston H.
- Whileman A.
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- White K.
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- Whiteley S.
- Whiteside J.
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- Whitton C.
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- Wilby E.
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- Wilson D.J.
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- Woodyatt W.
- Woolley A.E.
- Worner R.
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- Wray G.
- Wren L.
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- Wright M.
- Wrobel N.
- Wu Y.
- Wulandari R.
- Wyllie D.H.
- Wynter I.
- Xavier K.
- Xue X.
- Yadav A.
- Yang J.
- Yassen A.M.
- Yates B.
- Ye C.
- Yun N.
- Zainy T.
- Zak A.
- Zaki A.
- Zamikula J.
- Zanella I.
- Zborowski A.C.
- Zeberg H.
- Zechner M.
- Zechner M.
- Zguro K.
- Zhang M.
- Zhao J.H.
- Zheng C.
- Zhou W.
- Zitter L.
- Zlatopolsky M.
- Zongo O.
- Zucchi P.
- Zyndorf M.
- Zöllner S.
- Åsvold B.O.
- Publication venue
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Publication date
- 07/07/2022
- Field of study
Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease
Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants
- Author
- A Albuzio
- A Aydin
- A Basak
- A Cohen
- A Ertani
- A Ertani
- A Ertani
- A González
- A Grabowska
- A Hartmann
- A Hussain
- A Khalid
- A Khaliq
- A Kirn
- A Koukounararas
- A Liu
- A Marulanda
- A Muscolo
- A Peng
- A Piccolo
- A Piccolo
- A Piccolo
- A Piccolo
- A Piccolo
- A Richardson
- A Sarfaraz
- A Sharma
- A Sánchez-Sánchez
- A Sánchez-Sánchez
- A Vespermann
- A Vivas
- AA Belimov
- AAM Mazhar
- AC García
- AC García
- AG Khan
- AH Goldstein
- AJ Miller
- AJ Simpson
- AM García-Martínez
- AM Kinnersley
- AO Adesemoye
- AO Adesemoye
- ARL Moghaddam
- AU Krajnc
- B Ali
- B Eyheraguibel
- B Giri
- B Gügi
- B Hamaoui
- B Kemmerling
- B Lucia De
- B Shaharoona
- B Singh
- BG Forde
- BJ Shelp
- BP Kelleher
- BR Glick
- BR Glick
- BS Rauthan
- C Chang
- C Chinnadurai
- C Contesto
- C Dalmastri
- C Feller
- C Hu
- C Leyval
- C-C Wu
- C-M Ryu
- CE Clapp
- CEW Steinberg
- CH Chang
- CJ Grandlic
- CM Creus
- D Blaha
- D Egamberdiyeva
- D Fan
- DA Nabati
- DB Zandonadi
- DD Hong
- DD Hong
- E Aguirre
- E Gamalero
- E Kannapiran
- E Kunicki
- E Yildrim
- EE Idris
- EE Idriss
- EM Casanovas
- EM Selim
- ER Tarakhovskaya
- F Adani
- F Apone
- F Bastián
- F Bi
- F Pérez-Alfocea
- F Sahin
- F Spinelli
- FB Abeles
- FJ Gutiérrez-Mañero
- FJ Stevenson
- FM Padilla
- FN Verkleij
- G Berg
- G Blunden
- G Costa
- G Feng
- G Jakab
- G Krouk
- G Kumar
- G Marino
- GC Tao
- GI Burd
- GL Kauffman III
- GL Kauffman III
- H Antoun
- H Asp
- H Bae
- H Evelin
- H Karlidag
- H Rodriguez
- H Rodríguez
- H Rodríguez
- H Rodríguez
- H Shang
- H Tsukagoshi
- HS Chae
- HS Han
- I Jakobsen
- I Jeannin
- I Kuiper
- IC Dodd
- IC Dodd
- IC Dodd
- IE García de Salamone
- IEG Garcia de Salamone
- IJ Crouch
- IJ Crouch
- IJ Crouch
- IL Pan
- IMA Rocha da
- J Castro
- J Döbereiner
- J Einset
- J Einset
- J Gajc-Wolska
- J Kohler
- J Krasensky
- J Mayer
- J Norrie
- J Parrado
- J Vera
- JA Rice
- JB Neilands
- JC Lobartini
- JC Stiegler
- JC Tarafdar
- JCG Esteves da Silva
- JE MacDonald
- JI Baldani
- JI Querejeta
- JK Vessey
- JM Barea
- JM Murillo
- Joseph W. Kloepper
- JP Morales-Payan
- JP Pimentel
- JP Thompson
- JR Freitas de
- JR Quilty
- JS Craigie
- JW Kloepper
- JWT Frankenberger
- K Jindo
- K Kpomblekou
- K Kuwada
- KA Malik
- KH Park
- KM Cimrin
- L Castaings
- L Cavani
- L Corte
- L Jannin
- L Jannin
- L Kerkeb
- L Zimmerli
- L-E Rioux
- L-E Rioux
- LB Dobbss
- LB Dobbss
- LE De-Bashan
- LE De-Bashan
- LE De-Bashan
- Louise Nelson
- LP Canellas
- LP Canellas
- LP Canellas
- LP Canellas
- LP Singh
- M Arshad
- M Ashraf
- M Bacilio
- M Canbolat
- M Fayez
- M Fulchieri
- M Honma
- M Park
- M Saleem
- M Schiavon
- M Schiavon
- M Shahid
- M Sheng
- M Slávik
- M Yazdani
- M Zancani
- MA El-Nemr
- MA Malboobi
- MC Brundrett
- MC Brundrett
- MC Thaller
- MD Lulakis
- MH Aminifard
- MI Saubidet
- MK Wilson
- MLE Reed
- MLE Reed
- MM Tahir
- MN Jithesh
- MNA Omar
- MP Bocanegra
- MP Cordovilla
- MR Banerjee
- MR Befrozfar
- MZ Alam
- N Baniaghil
- N Bouché
- N Mrkovacki
- N Suzuki
- NGA Aziz
- O Barazani
- O Klarzynski
- O Sytar
- OSD Wally
- P Calvo
- P Carletti
- P Gyaneshwar
- P Maini
- P Morard
- P Nacry
- P Nair
- P Parmar
- P Piccoli
- P Rayirath
- P Rayorath
- P Vernieri
- P Walch-Liu
- P Walch-Liu
- PA Poapst
- Pamela Calvo
- PF Schweiger
- PJ Kramer
- PJ Lea
- PJ Riggs
- PN Bhattacharyya
- Q Zhang
- R Ahmad
- R Aloni
- R Hayat
- R Kaushik
- R Kumari
- R Lamar
- R Ortíz-Castro
- R Pinton
- R Pinton
- R Porcel
- R Sutton
- R Watson
- RE Sharp
- RF Milton
- RL Dunstone
- RLL Berbara
- RM Augé
- RM Boddey
- RM Boddey
- RM Boddey
- RMN Kucey
- S Asli
- S Döbbelaere
- S Friedrich
- S Furuya
- S Mancuso
- S Mayak
- S Mehnaz
- S Mugnai
- S Nardi
- S Nardi
- S Nardi
- S Nardi
- S Nardi
- S Nardi
- S Quaggiotti
- S Remans
- S Rungin
- S Sivasankari
- S Spaepen
- S Spaepen
- S Trevisan
- S Trevisan
- S Zaidi
- SA Anjum
- SA Anjum
- SB Pandeya
- SC Wu
- SE Smith
- SG Dastager
- SHS Sharma
- SHS Shekhar
- SM Harper
- SP Reis dos
- SS Rathore
- SS Sharma
- ST Zodape
- ST Zodape
- SW Mattner
- T Hirayama
- T Huang
- T Lola-Luz
- T Soldal
- TB Hurek
- THH Chen
- THH Chen
- TN Arkhipova
- TN Arkhipova
- U Krämer
- V Chouliaras
- V Gupta
- V Mora
- V Vranova
- VC Verma
- VLD Baldani
- W Khan
- W Khan
- W Khan
- W Khan
- WA Stirk
- WGD Fernando
- WH Mohamed
- X Fan
- X Xudan
- X Zhang
- X Zhang
- X Zhang
- X Zhuang
- XF Sheng
- XW Liang
- Y Bashan
- Y Bashan
- Y Bashan
- Y Bashan
- Y Chen
- Y Karakurt
- Y Ma
- Y Ma
- Y-C Kim
- YV Temirov
- Z Gu
- Z Varanini
- ZA Zahir
- ZH Khan
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial
- Author
- Abbas M.
- Abdul Rasheed A.
- Abdul A.
- Abdul-Kadir R.
- Abdusamad K.
- Abernethy K.
- Aboelela H.
- Abouzaid M.
- Abraham M.
- Abraham T.
- Abrams J.
- Abu H.
- Abu-Arafeh A.
- Acton C.
- Adam F.
- Adam M.
- Adams C.
- Adams D.
- Adams L.
- Addo A.
- Adedeji O.
- Adegoke K.
- Adewunmi E.
- Adeyemo T.
- Agbeko R.
- Aggarwal S.
- Ahmad S.
- Ahmed A.
- Ahmed I.
- Ahmed M.
- Ahmed R.
- Ainsworth M.
- Ajmi A.
- Akili S.
- Al Aaraj A.
- Al Balushi A.
- Al-Asadi A.
- Al-Khalil M.
- Al-Ramadhani B.
- Al-Saadi Z.
- Al-Shahi Salman R.
- Al-Sheklly B.
- Albert P.
- Alegria A.
- Alexander A.
- Alexander P.
- Alhabsha O.
- Ali M.
- Aliberti E.
- Alin J.
- Aliyuda F.
- Alkhudhayri A.
- Allan N.
- Allanson A.
- Allen E.
- Allen L.
- Alshaer I.
- Altaf S.
- Amezaga M.
- Amin A.
- Amit B.
- Anand A.
- Anantapatnaikuni S.
- Anderson L.
- Anderson M.
- Anderson N.
- Anderson R.
- Andrews A.
- Ang A.
- Anguvaa L.
- Aniruddhan K.
- Antonina Z.
- Araujo M.
- Archer A.
- Archer S.
- Arimoto R.
- Arkley C.
- Armah C.
- Armistead J.
- Armstrong C.
- Arnison-Newgass C.
- Arora D.
- Arya A.
- Arya R.
- Asghar A.
- Ashbrook-Raby C.
- Asher G.
- Ashley D.
- Ashraf S.
- Ashton D.
- Ashworth R.
- Aslam A.
- Atomode A.
- Attubato E.
- Aubrey P.
- Aujayeb A.
- Aung N.
- Avery M.
- Avram C.
- Aya A.
- Ayaz E.
- Aziz G.
- Babatunde F.
- Babington G.
- Bachour M.
- Badhan G.
- Bae J.
- Bagley G.
- Bagshaw L.
- Bailey A.
- Baillie J.
- Baillie J. Kenneth
- Baird D.
- Bajandouh A.
- Baker D.
- Baker K.
- Bakere H.
- Bakhai A.
- Balasingam P.
- Balaskas T.
- Balasubramaniam M.
- Balcombe A.
- Baldwin A.
- Baldwin-Jones R.
- Balfour J.
- Balmforth C.
- Baluwala A.
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- Byrne J.
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- Caws C.
- Central Coordinating Office (for the RECOVERY Collaborative Group)
- Century H.
- Chadwick J.
- Chakkarapani E.
- Chakraborty A.
- Chamberlain S.
- Chambers E.
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- Charles B.
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- Chatterton D.
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- Chauhan R.
- Chawla V.
- Chen F.
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- Cherrie M.
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- Chilvers A.
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- Chiswick C.
- Chivima B.
- Chmiel C.
- Chrisopoulou A.
- Christian P.
- Christides A.
- Christmas D.
- Church E.
- Cianci N.
- Cicconi P.
- Clare E.
- Clark E.
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- Clayton-Smith J.
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- Clemente de la Torre C.
- Clifford S.
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- Coe A.
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- Coker O.
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- Collier D.
- Collini Paul
- Collins J.
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- Colton H.
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- Connell E.
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- Connolly G.
- Connor E.
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- Conteh V.
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- Cooke G.
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- Corbett C.
- Corbishley A.
- Cornwell J.
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- Data Monitoring Committee of the RECOVERY Collaborative Group
- Daunt A.
- Dave V.
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- De Soyza A.
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- Desai A.
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- Dhani S.
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- Dobbie L.
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- Dolan D.
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- Donohoe A.
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- Duggan A.
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- Dunn A.
- Duran B.
- Durrans L.
- Durrington H.
- Duru I.
- Dymond H.
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- D’Mello A.
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- Early J.
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- Elgohary A.
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- Essa F.
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- Everden C.
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- Evison L.
- Ezenduka C.
- Fairbairn I.
- Fairclough A.
- Falconer E.
- Faluyi D.
- Fancois V.
- Farmery T.
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- Farrell B.
- Farzana S.
- Fatemi A.
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- Ferenando G.
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- Health records (for the RECOVERY Collaborative Group)
- Hector G.
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- Local Clinical Centre staff (for the RECOVERY Collaborative Group)
- Lock S.
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- Field of study
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome
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