Fatigue in cerebral palsy: a critical review.

Objective: Fatigue contributes to the deterioration or cessation of walking ability in adults with cerebral palsy (CP). However, conflict exists as to its role. Studies involving functional tasks reported increased, and earlier onset of, fatigue in CP whereas laboratory studies have reported individuals with CP to be more fatigue resistant than their peers. Methods: A critical review of the literature related to fatigue in CP was conducted. Results: This review describes factors that contribute to the observed fatigue resistance in laboratory tasks and how a decreased force-production in CP can result in higher energy expenditure to perform the same amount of work as their peers. Conclusion: More research regarding the process of fatigue and recovery for individuals with CP is needed; specifically studies that focus on functional movements requiring the integration of the whole body, thereby stressing the neuromuscular system in a different way than previously explored

Managing Cultural Resources On The Alaska Peninsula

Twentieth-century cultural resources provide physical evidence of human relationships with a landscape that has shaped the wilderness areas we know today. These cultural resources enrich the meaning of an area as wilderness, but also present multiple management challenges surrounding visitor use in designated wilderness areas. The National Geographic Society Katmai Expeditions of the 1910s present a case study of how historic trails and their associated artifacts interact not only with present issues toward the dual-enforcement of the National Historic Preservation Act and Wilderness Act, but also with the management of visitor use along a corridor containing relatively recent traces of historically significant activities and events. This study draws on the findings of a 2 018 expedition identifying convergence of a historically significant trail w ith a popular path for backpackers through the Katmai Wilderness and explores the importance of cultural resources in long-distance trail planning and cultural resource management in designated wilderness

Relationship Stress: Social Media Edition

Couples involved in a romantic relationships (dating, engaged, married) face a variety of stressors that can determine the quality and sustainability of the relationship. These stressors can include money, children, work schedules, and opinions of family and friends about the relationship or one’s significant other. With arrival of the internet, the use of social media has become a new source of stress among relationships. Altshule (2015) found social media use negatively impacts a relationship when one’s significant other is always on social media, engages in appropriate activity online, or is overly private when online (i.e. hiding online activity from their partner). Bea (2012) found that having a significant other who shares too much information about the relationship online, maintains contact with an ex (e.g. tagging, messaging, accepting a friend request), or who suspiciously monitors the online activity of his/her significant other can negatively affect a romantic relationship. Fritz (2015) found sending tweets to friends or followers of the opposite sex can create a source of stress within a romantic relationship. A four part survey was presented to participants, aimed at examining the relatively new stressor (social media) compared to more traditional stressors in relationships. The survey was provided to college students that were members of the Marshall University Psychology Department Human Subjects Pool (SONA)

CRAC channel related proteins in the pathogenesis of inborn errors of immunity

The aim of this project was to identify novel mutations in proteins causing immunodeficiency. This was achieved by confirming whole exome sequencing (WES) results of potential mutations and genes of interest through Sanger sequencing and allelic orientation of mutations. Functional experiments were then designed and performed on patient samples and stable cell lines expressing patient mutants. The experiments examined the known functions of the proteins of interest and cell types that appeared to be affected in the patient immunological profile. The main topic of this thesis is centered around an index case who presented at age 17 with a life-long history of recurrent sinopulmonary infections and established bronchiectasis. Immunological investigations showed severe panhypogammaglobulinaema, marginally reduced CD4 count and reduced T cell proliferative responses. WES identified potentially damaging mutations in Ca2+-release activated Ca2+ regulator 2A (CRACR2A): c.430 A>G (p.144R>G) and c.898 G>T (p.300E>*) which were inherited via the maternal line; c.834 G>T (p.278E>D) in the paternal allele. In primary patient samples, T cells had reduced calcium flux, cytokine production and p-JNK. The two mutant patient alleles were expressed using retroviral transduction in the CRACR2A knock-out Jurkat cell line. Both alleles resulted in reduced calcium flux and IL-2 expression when compared to wild-type CRACR2A. The maternal mutant allele expression produced a truncated protein (resulting from the p.300E>* mutation), with abnormal localisation and significantly reduced p-JNK. This truncated protein was not seen in the primary cells, and so is not likely to be expressed in the patient. The data suggests that biallelic mutations in CRACR2A can lead to primary immunodeficiency, which affects T cell related function. This is the first time CRACR2A has been linked to disease. The identification of novel mutations in patient with primary immunodeficiency and using functional experiments to see their pathogenic effect in patient samples was also done in patients with STIM1 and STING mutations

Of Heterotopias and Ethnoscapes: The Production of Space in Postcolonial North Africa

The focus of postcolonial studies has shifted in the last decade or so from a struggle over history, the narratives of winners and losers—as recorded by the winners and resisted by the losers—to a struggle over geography. Power inequities formerly embodied in Manichean conceptualizations (Colonizer/Colonized, Oppressor/Oppressed, Occidental/Oriental, Self/Other, First World/Third World, Center/Margin, Global/Local) are now interrogated as part of the complex and shifting operations of "spatial economies of power."² Discursive approaches, targeting the relational and productive rather than the mutually exclusive and reductive, interrogate issues of meaning and representation, subjectivity and agency, culture and imperialism, identity and power.' The world that many of us are today engaged in, whether as actual or armchair travelers, is a world of migrant subjectivities where we struggle with the affiliations and ideologies, the cultural particularities and international connections that map the situatedness of each of us.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author and published by Princeton University, Program in Women's Studies

Sound and Waves: An Integrated K–8 Hands‐On Approach Supporting the NGSS and CCSS ELA

Receive practical ideas to build understanding about how to combine reading and hands-on activities as tools to understand the nature of wave movement