19 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
CdS/CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cell with a Zinc Stannate Buffer Layer
This paper describes an improved CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar-cell device structure that integrates a zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4 or ZTO) buffer layer between the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer and the CdS window layer. Zinc stannate films have a high bandgap, high transmittance, low absorptance, and low surface roughness. In addition, these films are chemically stable and exhibit higher resistivities that are roughly matched to that of the CdS window layer in the device structure. Preliminary device results have demonstrated that by integrating a ZTO buffer layer in both SnO2-based and Cd2SnO4 (CTO)-based CdS/CdTe devices, performance and reproducibility can be significantly enhance
Hospital Employee Job Resourcefulness: An Empirical Study and Implications for Health Care Marketing
Inhibition by antimicrobial food additives of ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus sulphureus and Penicillium viridicatum
Isolation and Use of Primary Adrenocortical Cells from Guinea Pigs, Dogs and Monkeys forIn Vitro Toxicity Studies
First dose of potential new medicines to humans: How animals help
The need for careful testing of new drugs in animal models before study in humans has been recognised by physicians since the First World War. Now, first human studies on new drugs are subject to detailed government guidelines, which in the European Union are presently being reinforced through the wide-ranging Clinical Trials Directive. However, despite their long history and widespread application, these guidelines are empirical and have been formulated with a paucity of critical scientific evidence. Here, we review the principles and the available, albeit limited, evidence that support the design and conduct of preclinical studies in a way that permits effective and safe first-dose studies of potential new medicines in humans