Gramatical cohesion in XXX: Return of Xander Cage movie

Studi ini mencoba menganalisis penggunaan kohesi gramatikal dalam naskah film XXX: Returnof Xander Cage. Tujuan dasar dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki seringnya kohesi gramatikal dalam naskah film dan fungsinya. Gambaran studi ini menemukan bahwa semua kohesi gramatikal yang disarankan oleh Hassan dan Halliday dapat dilihat di film ini kecuali ellipsis nominal. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan tiga fungsi referensi penting, dua fungsi pengganti, enam fungsi konjungsi dan hanya satu fungsi elipsis. Analisis yang menunjukkan bahwa Semua jenis kohesi gramatikal digunakan oleh empat karakter utama dalam film ini kecuali huruf ellipsis nominal. Dalam 15 adegan, ada 452 perangkat kohesif gramatikal. Dari 452 kohesi, 84% adalah referensi pribadi. Tampaknya 406 kali. Dengan kata lain, referensi pribadi adalah alat yang paling sering digunakan dalam film. Referensi yang paling sering adalah referensi pribadi. Konjungsi aditif berada di urutan kedua, yaitu 7% (30) kali, diikuti oleh referensi demonstratif yang muncul 17 kali (3%). Gabungan adversative kemudian mengikuti, yaitu, 10 kali penampilan (3%). Referensi komparatif adalah 7 kali, kausalitas gabungan adalah 5 kali, dan konjungsi temporal adalah 6 kejadian atau 1% penampilan. Yang terakhir adalah substitusi verbal, elipsis lisan, dan substitusi klausa, masing-masing muncul dua kali. Substitusi nominal dan elipsis klausa muncul satu kali. Untuk fungsi kohesi gramatikal yang ditemukan di dalam film dinyatakan oleh beberapa divisi. Pertama, referensi memiliki tiga fungsi penting yaitu menghindari pengulangan kata-kata yang sama, untuk menunjukkan skala kedekatan, dan untuk membandingkan sesuatu atau situasi. Kedua, substitusi dan elipsis menyederhanakan dan akurat ucapannya. Yang terakhir adalah gabungan, ia memiliki enam fungsi untuk menghubungkan kata-kata serupa atau identik, untuk mengkoordinasikan kalimat, berlawanan dengan pernyataan sebelumnya, untuk menghubungkan antara sebab dan akibat dalam sebuah kalimat, dan untuk menghubungkan kronologi. Selain fungsi tersebut di atas, fungsi umum dan dasar kohesi gramatikal adalah mengaitkan kata, klausa, ungkapan, atau kalimat agar kalimat tersebut bermakna

Terminal Value in SMEs: Testing the Multiple EV/EBITDA Approach

[EN] This study focuses on answering whether EV/EBITDA multiple of public companies in the food industry can be useful to obtain the Terminal Value (TV) in the valuation of unlisted small and medium-sized food companies. A case study into Spanish unlisted agribusinesses is designed for several samples and accounting years from 2010 to 2013. By means of a discounted cash flow (DCF) model combined with bootstrap techniques, the TV/EBITDA empirical distribution of the unlisted multiples is obtained for two different scenarios of free cash flow (FCF) growth, and then compared with the EV/EBITDA of the listed companies in the same industry. The results show that the stock market EV/EBITDA multiple may be used to determine the TV in the valuation process of unlisted small and medium-sized food companies that consistently obtain positive cash flows.Vidal Garcia, R.; Ribal, J. (2019). Terminal Value in SMEs: Testing the Multiple EV/EBITDA Approach. Journal of Business Valuation and Economic Loss Analysis (Online). 14(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbvela-2018-0012S111141Petersen, C., Plenborg, T., & Scholer, F. (2006). Issues in Valuation of Privately Held Firms. The Journal of Private Equity, 10(1), 33-48. doi:10.3905/jpe.2006.667557Breuer, W., Fuchs, D., & Mark, K. (2012). Estimating cost of capital in firm valuations with arithmetic or geometric mean – or better use the Cooper estimator? The European Journal of Finance, 20(6), 568-594. doi:10.1080/1351847x.2012.733717Vydržel, K., & Soukupová, V. (2012). Empirical Examination of Valuation Methods Used in Private Equity Practice in the Czech Republic. The Journal of Private Equity, 16(1), 83-99. doi:10.3905/jpe.2012.16.1.083Imam, S., Barker, R., & Clubb, C. (2008). The Use of Valuation Models by UK Investment Analysts. European Accounting Review, 17(3), 503-535. doi:10.1080/09638180802016650Vydržel, K., & Soukupová, V. (2012). Empirical Examination of Valuation Methods Used in Private Equity Practice in the Czech Republic. The Journal of Private Equity, 16(1), 83-99. doi:10.3905/jpe.2012.16.1.083Gavious, I., & Parmet, Y. (2010). Do private firm valuations contain incremental information content over routine analyst valuations? Research in International Business and Finance, 24(2), 223-234. doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2009.12.003Cañadas, J. A., & Rojo Ramirez, A. A. (2011). The Discount Rate in Valuing Privately Held Companies. Business Valuation Review, 30(2), 70-81. doi:10.5791/0882-2875-30.2.70Eberhart, A. C. (2004). Equity Valuation Using Multiples. The Journal of Investing, 13(2), 48-54. doi:10.3905/joi.2004.412306Jennergren, L. P. (2008). Continuing value in firm valuation by the discounted cash flow model. European Journal of Operational Research, 185(3), 1548-1563. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2006.08.012Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. The Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1-26. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344552Liu, J., Nissim, D., & Thomas, J. (2002). Equity Valuation Using Multiples. Journal of Accounting Research, 40(1), 135-172. doi:10.1111/1475-679x.00042Petersen, C., Plenborg, T., & Scholer, F. (2006). Issues in Valuation of Privately Held Firms. The Journal of Private Equity, 10(1), 33-48. doi:10.3905/jpe.2006.667557Gordon, M. J., & Shapiro, E. (1956). Capital Equipment Analysis: The Required Rate of Profit. Management Science, 3(1), 102-110. doi:10.1287/mnsc.3.1.102Jennergren, L. P. (2008). Continuing value in firm valuation by the discounted cash flow model. European Journal of Operational Research, 185(3), 1548-1563. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2006.08.012Gavious, I., & Parmet, Y. (2010). Do private firm valuations contain incremental information content over routine analyst valuations? Research in International Business and Finance, 24(2), 223-234. doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2009.12.003Ramírez, A. A. R., & de Lema, D. G. P. (2006). La Valoración de Empresas en España: un estudio empírico. Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting / Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, 35(132), 913-934. doi:10.1080/02102412.2006.10779611Plenborg, T., & Pimentel, R. C. (2016). Best Practices in Applying Multiples for Valuation Purposes. The Journal of Private Equity, 19(3), 55-64. doi:10.3905/jpe.2016.19.3.055Hamada, R. S. (1972). THE EFFECT OF THE FIRM’S CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON THE SYSTEMATIC RISK OF COMMON STOCKS. The Journal of Finance, 27(2), 435-452. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1972.tb00971.xEberhart, A. C. (2004). Equity Valuation Using Multiples. The Journal of Investing, 13(2), 48-54. doi:10.3905/joi.2004.41230

Notch Signaling and T-Helper Cells in EAE/MS

The Notch signaling pathway preservation across species hints to the indispensable role it plays during evolution. Over the last decade the science community has extensively studied the Notch signaling pathway, with Notch emerging as a key player in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis, and immunoregulation. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable yet treatable autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The aim of this review is to provide a brief description of the Notch signaling pathway, and summarize the current literature implicating Notch in the pathogenesis of MS

Optimization of CV.Amanda Makassar Production Planning in the Time of Covid-19 Using Multiple Goal Linear Program Model

A research has been conducted on the use of multiple-goal linear program model to solve multi goals by taking the case of optimization of production planning at CV. Amanda Makassar during the Covid-19 period. In this research, four goals were formulated, that were (i) the fulfillment of the number of market demand, (ii) maximizing income, (iii) minimizing production costs, and (iv) maximizing working hours. Then for the optimal solution using LINGO 18 software. Based on the research results, the optimal production plan during the Covid-19 period resulted from the two different models for original brownies products where the results of the dual-purpose linear program model without target priority produced 16.118 original brownies and 32.400 packages from the dual-purpose linear program model with priority target with weight. For cream cheese brownies, there are 3.000 packages, 18.000 packages of sarikaya pandan brownies, 3.600 packs of choco marble brownies, pink marble brownies, tiramishu marble brownies, roasted brownies, and 1.800 packs of cappuccino marble brownies. Chocolate bananas bolen, pineapple molen, and chocolate ganache in 840 packages. Then for 15.000 packs of blueberry brownies, 960 packs of strawberry brownies, 360 packs of dry brownies, 2.400 banana cheese brownies, 300 packs of cheese bananas bolen, 600 packs of peanut butter, and 9.000 packs of pandan cake for a month. The maximum revenue obtained by the company with a multiple-purpose linear program model without target priority is Rp.628.602.000.- and the minimum production cost that the company must pay is Rp.495,048,300,-. Then for the multiple-purpose linear program model with target priority accompanied by a weight of Rp.4.299.480.000.- and the minimum production cost is Rp.3.394.366.000. The result shows that optimization using a multiple goal linear program model with goal priority provide optimal production which results in greater profit compared to the process (optimization) carried out by the company so far, which is only based on the number of demand.Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang penggunaan model program linear tujuan ganda untuk menyelesaikan multi tujuan dengan mengambil kasus optimalisasi perencanaan produksi pada CV. Amanda Makassar dalam masa Covid-19. Dalam penelitian dirumuskan empat tujuan, yaitu (i)  pemenuhan jumlah permintaan pasar, (ii) memaksimalkan pendapatan, (iii) meminimalkan biaya produksi,  dan (iv) memaksimalkan jam kerja. Kemudian untuk solusi optimalnya menggunakan software LINGO 18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa optimasi menggunakan model program linear tujuan ganda dengan prioritas sasaran memberikan produksi yang optimal yang berakibat pada lebih besarnya keuntungan dibanding dengan proses (optimalisasi) yang dilakukan perusahaan selama ini, yaitu hanya berdasarkan jumlah permintaan.  Kata Kunci: Program linear tujuan ganda, Optimasi, LINGO

Accelerated Benders Decomposition and Local Branching for Dynamic Maximum Covering Location Problems

The maximum covering location problem (MCLP) is a key problem in facility location, with many applications and variants. One such variant is the dynamic (or multi-period) MCLP, which considers the installation of facilities across multiple time periods. To the best of our knowledge, no exact solution method has been proposed to tackle large-scale instances of this problem. To that end, in this work, we expand upon the current state-of-the-art branch-and-Benders-cut solution method in the static case, by exploring several acceleration techniques. Additionally, we propose a specialised local branching scheme, that uses a novel distance metric in its definition of subproblems and features a new method for efficient and exact solving of the subproblems. These methods are then compared through extensive computational experiments, highlighting the strengths of the proposed methodologies

Metode MacCormack untuk menyelesaikan model transpor sedimen permukaan dasar satu dimensi

In this work, we investigate the numerical solution of one-dimensional bed-load sediment transport model using two steps finite difference method which so-called MacCormack method. Bed-load sediment transport model is composed by the shallow water equation and Exner equation. The Meyer-Peter and Muller (MPM) formula and Wu formula will be used to determine the Grass factor of the bed-load sediment transport. These governing equations will be discretized into predictor and corrector steps of the MacCormack method. The numerical results of the MacCormack method will be validated with an analytical solution of the bed-load sediment transport model. In addition, the MacCormack solution will also be compared with experimental solutions and another numerical method solutions that have existed previously. The numerical results based on MacCormack method give excellent results in which the numerical and the analytical results are hardly differentiated with RMSE of around 00042  or 4,2 .Penelitian ini menyelidiki solusi numerik model transpor sedimen permukaan dasar menggunakan metode beda hingga dua step yang disebut metode MacCormack. Model transpor sedimen permukaan dasar dibangun atas persamaan air dangkal dan persamaan Exner. Formula Meyer-Peter dan Muller (MPM) dan formula wu akan digunakan untuk menentukan faktor Grass dari transpor sedimen permukaan dasar. Persamaan pembangun ini didiskritisasi kedalam step prediktor dan korektor dari metode MacCormack. Hasil numerik metode MacCormack akan divalidasi dengan sebuah solusi analitik dari model transpor sedimen permukaan dasar. Selain itu, solusi metode MacCormack juga akan dibandingkan dengan solusi-solusi eksperimen dan solusi-solusi metode numerik yang telah ada sebelumnya. Hasil numerik berdasarkan metode MacCormack memberikan hasil yang sangat baik dimana hasil numerik dan hasil analitik hampir tidak dapat dibedakan

A farm compensation model to reduce the risk of pest spreading: An application for Xylella fastidiosa in Mediterranean agriculture

[EN] Eradication measures are used when a pest or pathogen invades a free area, the objective being to control its outbreak by eliminating or reducing its population levels in that area, which involves removing all infected plants. Xylella fastidiosa is one of the most notorious plant pathogens presently emerging in Europe. This bacterium is a pathogen of concern for many plants globally, and has a broad range of wild and cultivated hosts common in Europe. Given that there is no effective treatment to reduce the repercussions of this disease, its spread poses a severe risk to European agriculture. The EU has designed mandatory plant health measures for the purposes of implementing an eradication or containment strategy. Since an eradication strategy depends on the actions of farmers, it is vital to adopt measures that encourage behavior that helps reduce the risk of spread. In this paper, we have developed a field-scale economic analysis, which links production costs, revenue, agronomic factors, and mandatory protection measures, and allows us to estimate the losses caused over time by pests or pathogens at the farm level, and the age-dependent payments that farmers should receive. This way a confidence interval for fair compensation can be obtained. This compensation serves to design positive incentives for farmers to inform government authorities about the presence of bacteria on their farms and participate in eradication programmes. We apply our economic modelling to Xylella fastidiosa in vineyards, and on olive and citrus plants, in the Valencian Community of Spain in Europe.This work was funded by Generalitat Valenciana. Conselleria de Agricultura, Desarrollo Rural, Emergencia Climatica y Transicion Ecologica.Ribal, J.; Marques-Perez, I.; Segura, M. (2022). A farm compensation model to reduce the risk of pest spreading: An application for Xylella fastidiosa in Mediterranean agriculture. NJAS: Impact in Agricultural and Life Sciences. 94(1):101-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/27685241.2022.210873210112594

Oxygen transmission rate through thermoformed trays: Modeling and influence of processing variables

[EN] The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) is a key parameter when selecting a sheet to make a thermoformed tray, as it influences the shelf life of packaged food. The OTR of a thermoformed tray depends on the distribution of the material's thickness over its walls. The goal of this study is to model the evolution of oxygen in the headspace of a thermoformed plastic tray considering the thickness distribution of its walls. PET/PE films with different thicknesses and a PET/PE/EVOH/PE structure with EVOH acting as a barrier layer were used for the thermoformed trays. The thickness of the thermoformed trays was measured at different points to determine the average thickness of the tray subsections. A model was built to predict the variation in the oxygen content inside the headspace over time. The results of the model were correlated with experimental data by regression analysis. The model can be used to perform a straightforward comparison of both different structures as well as the effect of the thickness of the layers that constitute the multilayer sheet. The model can also support decisions about the best multilayer for a particular tray design so as to achieve a specific product shelf-life.Enguix, C.; Sanjuán Pellicer, MN.; Ribal, J. (2022). Oxygen transmission rate through thermoformed trays: Modeling and influence of processing variables. Polymer Engineering & Science. 62(11):3599-3610. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.2613035993610621

The Next Generation Intelligent Transportation System: Connected, Safe and Green

Modern Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) employ communication technologies in order to ameliorate the passenger's commuting experience. Vehicular Networking lies at the core of inaugurating an efficient transportation system and aims at transforming vehicles into smart mobile entities that are able to sense their surroundings, collect information about the environment and communicate with each other as well as with Roadside Units (RSUs) deployed alongside roadways. As such, the novel communication paradigm of vehicular networking gave birth to an ITS that embraces a wide variety of applications including but not limited to: traffic management, passenger and road safety, environment monitoring and road surveillance, hot-spot guidance, Drive Thru Internet access, remote region connectivity, and so forth. Furthermore, with the rapid development of computation and communication technologies, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) promises huge commercial interest and research value, thereby attracting a significant industrial and academic attention. This thesis studies and analyses fundamentally challenging problems in the context of vehicular environments and proposes new techniques targeting the improvement of the performance of ITSs envisioned to play a remarkable role in the IoV era. Unlike existing wireless mobile networks, vehicular networks possess unique characteristics, including high node mobility and a rapidly-changing topology, which should be carefully accounted for. Four major problems from the pool of existing vehicular networking persisting challenges will be addressed in this thesis, namely: a) establishing a connectivity path in a highly dynamic Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, b) examining the performance of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication Medium Access Control schemes, c) addressing the scheduling problem of a vehicular networking scenario encompassing an energy-limited RSU by exploiting machine learning techniques, particularly reinforcement learning, to train an agent to make appropriate decisions and develop a scheduling policy that prolongs the network's operational status and allows for acceptable Quality-of-Service levels and d) overcoming the limitations of reinforcement learning techniques in high-dimensional input scenarios by exploiting recent advances in deep learning in an effort to satisfy the driver's well-being as well as his demand for continuous connectivity in a green, balanced, connected and efficient vehicular network. These problems will be extensively studied throughout this thesis, followed by discussions that highlight open research directions worth further investigations