A Socio Religious Analysis of Suicides and its Impact on Economic Development

The aim of this paper is to gaining deeper insight into the reasons and consequences of condemned suicidal act from the socio-religious point of view and its impact on the economic development of a society. The condemned act of suicide and problems relating to it, keeping in view the available facts and figures is analysed in view of social and religious beliefs in the known religions of the world. Suicide is a serious public social problem. It is one of the important problems. Different reports on the causes and consequences of suicide have presented an extremely grim picture. It has threatened the life itself. The people resorted to suicides in huge numbers since last decade. Accordingly, the problem of suicide and other related matters may be viewed in terms of the role performance failure of the social & religious systems concerned and the social entities in their environment. Analogously, the problem may be interpreted in terms of the mal-functions of relationships based role on the reciprocity of expectations amongst the interacting social systems.Suicidal, Economics, Socio-religious, Beliefs, Rituals, problems, Reasons, Consequences, Role-Performance, Interaction.

The Role of Basic Education for Afghan Refugees in Promoting Primary Education: A Case Study of Befare Controlled Institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This study was undertaken on, The Role of Basic Education for Afghan Refugees in promoting primary Education: A case study of BEFARe controlled institutions in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this study the researcher used proportion allocation method of sampling, 216 students (136 boys and 80 girls) and 35 Teachers (27 male and 8 female) were selected for this study. The study indicates that, majority of the respondents were at the age of 10-14 years and most of them were male. Most of the respondents were satisfied from best teaching in the school and they considered that as a pull factor. Poverty is marked by majority of the respondents as push factor to BEFARe schools. All of the students’ responses were that BEFARe is their first institution. Majority of them were not satisfied from the schools washrooms. Most of the respondents were satisfied  from  BEFARe,  because  it’s  purely  for  refugees,  while,  most  of  the   respondents were not pleased from it due to its poor facilities. The medium of instruction was Pashto as it is the same in Afghanistan. All the students were satisfied with the teacher’s overall performance. The students were paying 30 to 50 rupees for admission at schools.   Most of the respondents showed ignorance from their future plan regarding their further education. All the teachers, who all were Afghanies, joined the schools, because it was for refugees. Every school had more than 5 teachers. Interview was the selection criteria for a teacher with qualification must not less than F.A. Most of the respondents were in favor of essential changes in the curriculum. There was no test conducted for student on admission time. Midterm examination held in the BEFARe schools and grading system was existing in the schools. Community perception was good about the schools and assisted the schools through school management committee. Majority of respondents were not satisfied from BEFARe learning and teaching facilities. Low package  is  also  a  discouraging  factor  which  is  pointed  out  by  the  teachers community. Keywords: Basic Education, Afghan Refugees, BEFARe schools, Teachers’ Performance, Main Factors

Feasibility of compressed air energy storage to store wind on monthly and daily basis

The storage volumes are often limited in terms of availability. Since volume is expensive, optimizing its use is very important to make reasonable net earnings. The overall purpose of this work is to develop a configuration of compressed air energy storage which would improve the energy rating of CAES. Methods have been developed to compare the hourly basis operations of constant pressure and constant volume CAES for a particular day. This is significant because we do not need large amounts of storage energy for operations on hourly basis. Methods have been developed to determine the operational and economic benefits of high energy rating CAES configuration to store energy on monthly basis and daily basis. This is significant because high energy rating CAES configuration might surpass the operational requirements of hourly basis CAES operation. In addition, wind does not only change on hourly basis but also on daily and monthly basis. This would provide an opportunity to capture wind energy during months and days of high winds having low demand and using it during months and days of low winds having high demand

Estimation of Technical Efficiency of Open Shed Broiler Farmers in Punjab, Pakistan: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis

This study was conducted to estimate the level of technical efficiency of open shed broiler farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. Data was randomly collected from 60 broiler farmers using multistage sampling technique during January-February, 2014. Stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function was used for analysis of data. Maximum likelihood estimation technique was employed for estimation. The analysis revealed that the mean technical efficiency of open shed broiler farmers was 0.880 ranging from 0.440 to 0.985.  This means that if the average broiler farmer in the sample was to achieve the technical efficiency level of its most efficient counterpart than the average farmer could realize 10.50 per cent cost savings. In other words, with the same available resources and technology, an average broiler farmer could increase broiler production by 10.50 per cent. Similarly the most technically inefficient broiler farmer could reveal cost savings of 54.50 per cent. Results further showed that number of day old chicks, feed and labor positively and significantly affected broiler production while the effect of vaccination was negative and that of capacity of shed was positive but statistically insignificant. Results of technical inefficiency effect model revealed that with the increase in age, education and membership with association, technical efficiency of broiler farmers increased. Based upon these findings it is suggested that government and extension workers should educate open shed broiler farmers to use high quality day old chicks and feed for highest possible output and cost savings. Education programs for awareness among broiler farmers to use vaccinated day old chicks and quality resources for enhancing broiler production in the country is also a good policy option. Keywords:Open Shed Broiler Farmers, Technical Efficiency, Stochastic Frontier, Cobb-Douglas Production Function, MLE, Punjab, Pakista

Do Momentum and Reversal Matter in the Singapore Stock Market?

This paper shows the presence of positive momentum return in the short run but nosubsequent price reversal in the Singapore Market. Rather price momentum continues in the longrun. It also demonstrates that momentum profit is higher for the small and highly volatile firmsrather than the large stable firms. Both portfolio level and firm-level cross-sectional analyses areused to show the relationships.  </p

The Socio-Cultural Determinants of Begging: A Case Study of Karachi City

The present research paper aims to find out the socio-economic status of beggars' in Karachi city. A descriptive research design was employed by using survey method. The primary source of data collection was face to face interviews. A sample of 140 street beggars, were selected from different public places using purposive, a non-probability sampling technique.Data analysis, chi- square test of association was done.The key findings of the study show that begging is a structured profession in the city. Data indicated that the majority of the respondents have their own houses and they become the professional beggar in a routine with high satisfaction their existing profession. This study suggests that there is an urgent need to design and implement a comprehensive urban policy in order to control and the begging practice in the city. Keywords: Socio-Cultural Determinants, Begging practice,  Karachi. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-11-09 Publication date:June 30th 201

Who Owns the Media in Bangladesh?

While there has been a significant growth of the media industry during the last two decades, Bangladesh  has  also  experienced  serious erosion  of  media  freedom.  To  unpack  the  complex relationship between ownership and media, gathering data and understanding the overlapping features of ownership are essential. It is against this background that this report has explored the question: who owns the media in Bangladesh? Relevant informationand statistics on the media in Bangladesh—both in terms of numbers of media outlets and their typologies, e.g., print, electronic, radio and web-based etc., the nature of media ownership and the scope of press freedom are presented in this report

Understanding Women’s English Writings as a Paradigm of Resistance

Women face numerous political, economic, cultural, and religious barriers in the world. To remove the barriers, fight for survival, and pave their way for development, women show resistance in politics, legislation, literature, theatre, songs, marches, art, sports, movies, and seminars. The previous studies have explored patriarchy as the best reason for women\u27s resistance to fight against male-domination, ideological divisions, policies, traditions and cultures, and religion to claim their individual identity and equality. The present study demonstrates the role of literature in awakening society and explores how writing helps in resistance and maintains the struggle of liberation for the vulnerable section of the society. It uses textual analysis to explore resistance in the writing of women from Pakistan, England, and Ireland - namely Bernardine Evaristo, Marian Keyes, and Uzma Aslam Khan. It considers English language fiction narratives as a writing tool and a ‘paradigm of resistance’ to society, religion, politics, patriarchy, and class. The study contributes to the emancipation of women in patriarchal societies by resisting the forces, which work to suppress women. Women\u27s writings are strong tools of survival and resistance in male-dominant societies. Women must write in different languages to voice against injustice, inequality, and violence in the world

Impact of Credit Risk Management on Bank Performance: An Empirical Study on Commercial Banks Listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)

Commercial banks are involved in uncontrolled credit risk management that negatively affects their sustainable banking performance. Many guidelines, strategies, and judgments have been made, such as the Basel Accords, to control these issues and adequately manage their lending and borrowing policies. This study aims to analyse the impact of credit risk management on the sustainable performance of commercial banks. For this purpose, secondary panel data was collected from the annual financial reports of 27 commercial banks out of the 31 listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period 2017-2021. E-views 10 software was applied to perform descriptive correlation and multiple regression analyses. In the current study’s model, credit risk management proxies, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and net interest margin (NIM) were employed as dependent variables. At the same time, capital adequacy ratio (CAR), loan and advances (LA), non-performing loans (NPL) ratio, market profit opportunity (MPO), and bank liquidity (BL) were employed as independent variables. The study concludes that bank liquidity has a significant positive relationship with bank performance. Comparably, capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loans, bank liquidity, market profit opportunity, and loan and advances harm the sustainable performance of commercial banks. The research suggests that implementing stricter policies and strategies, such as the regulation of customer loans, is required to control these issues