SLOW INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT GROWTHEVIDENCE-BASED ON KOHAT ROAD INDUSTRIAL ESTATE PESHAWAR-PAKISTAN

The past decade has seen slowdowns in measured labor productivity growth across a broad swath of developed economies. The industrial sector grew 5.02 per cent in the outgoing fiscal year as opposed to the growth rate of 5.8pc recorded a year ago, in Pakistan. The main objective of this research is to examinethe small industrial performance in Peshawar-Pakistan. KPK is the smallest province in terms of area, among the four provinces, and the third-largest in terms of population. This study is about the total units Kohat road 124 industrial estates and 71 are closed which has spawned many social evils such a phenomenal increase in smuggling, trade and macro-unemployed youths indulge in illegal commercial ventures. The results show that the contribution of small-scale industrial sector toward the socio-economic development of the province is not significant. Furthermore, the main reasons are inconvenient location (away from the seaport), non-availability of skilled labor, inconsistent government policies, the dearth of local capital, lack of infrastructure and comparatively poor law and order situation, due to Afghan War, and operation in tribal areas. Nonetheless, certain policy recommendations were suggested based on the finding

Comparison Of Prophylactic Injection Of Corticosteroid With Placebo, In Management Of Wrist Pain On Ulnar Aspect In Patients Of Fractures Of Distal Radius

INTRODUCTION: Distal radius fractures are one of the commonest fractures experienced by the Orthopaedic surgeons. Pain on the ulnar aspect of the wrist is the most usual complication of such fractures.  Corticosteroid injection is a simple and effective method for elevating pain of such nature.  OBJECTIVE: To compare the mean pain score with prophylactic corticosteroid injection versus placebo in management of wrist pain on ulnar aspect in patients presenting with fracture of distal radius. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Orthopedic Surgery Department, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Duration: Six months (March 5, 2018 to Sept 5, 2018) Data Collection Procedure: 80 patients were included by using non-probability consecutive sampling after fulfilling the selection criteria. Demographic profile (patient name, age, gender, anatomical side and contact details) was obtained. Patients were splitted in two random groups by simple lottery method. Patients of group A were given one shot of 80mg corticosteroid in the area of ulnar styloid process near TFCC and group B patients were given a shot of distilled water (2 cc). Both group of patients were followed in OPD for 3 months in their postoperative visits. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.05 ± 11.05 years and age range of 40 years. The mean age in the corticosteroid and placebo groups was 39.68±10.67 years and 42.42 ± 11.39 years respectively. There were 42 (52.50%) male and 38 (47.50%) female patients with a higher male ratio i.e., 1.10:1. In corticosteroid and placebo groups there were 21 (52.50%) male and 19 (47.50%) female cases. The mean pain at baseline was 7.72 ± 1.66 while in the corticosteroid and placebo group, the mean pain was 7.60 ± 1.67 and 7.85 ± 1.65 respectively with statistically equal mean pain p-value = 0.504. After 3 months of treatment, mean pain in the corticosteroid group was 1.30 ± 0.66 and was 2.60 ± 1.58 in the placebo group, p-value < 0.001. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that prophylactic corticosteroid injection is more effective in reducing pain in patients with distal radial fracture than placebo. By using prophylactic corticosteroid injections in the future, we can reduce pain to achieve more satisfaction of patients.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial studies and characterisation of essential oil, fixed oil of Clematis graveolens by GC-MS

The GC-MS, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Clematis graveolens was assessed to explore its medicinal importance. Medicinal importance of its genus plants encourages us to undertake the comprehensive investigation of the essential oil and fixed oil of the leaves and stem. GC-MS analysis of essential and fixed oils showed the presence of many compounds in the leaves and stem parts of the plant like 2,2 dimethoxy butane (15.16%) flouroethane (45.14%) undecane (5.16), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (18.35), 3,8,12-tri-O-acetoxy-7-desoxyingol-7-one (12.74), propanoic acid, 2-(3-acetoxy-4,4,14-trimethylandrost-8-en-17-yl)- (9.14) and vitamine E acetate (4.38). The antimicrobial activity of the essential and fixed oil was resolute by disc diffusion and MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) assay and plant showed potent activity. Furthermore the antioxidant potential of essential and fixed oil was assessed by the DPPH, Reducing power and by percentage inhibition in linoleic acid system

Current methods for the detection of Plasmodium parasite species infecting humans

Malaria is the world’s fatal parasitic disease. The ability to quickly and accurately identify malaria infection in challenging environments is crucial to allow efficient administration of the best treatment regime for human patients. If those techniques are accessible and efficient, global detection of Plasmodium species will become more sensitive, allowing faster and more precise action to be taken for disease control strategies. Recent advances in technology have enhanced our ability to diagnose different species of Plasmodium parasites with greater sensitivity and specificity. This literature review provides a summary and discussion of the current methods for the diagnosis and identification of Plasmodium spp. in human blood samples. So far not a single method is precise, but advanced technologies give consistent identification of a Plasmodium infection in endemic regions. By using the power of the recent methods, we can provide a broader understanding of the multiplicity of infection and or transmission dynamics of Plasmodium spp. This will result in improved disease control strategies, better-informed policy, and effective treatment for malaria-positive patients

Recent Research Trends in Genetic Algorithm Based Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems

Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSSP) is an extension of the classical Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP). The FJSSP is known to be NP-hard problem with regard to optimization and it is very difficult to find reasonably accurate solutions of the problem instances in a rational time. Extensive research has been carried out in this area especially over the span of the last 20 years in which the hybrid approaches involving Genetic Algorithm (GA) have gained the most popularity. Keeping in view this aspect, this article presents a comprehensive literature review of the FJSSPs solved using the GA. The survey is further extended by the inclusion of the hybrid GA (hGA) techniques used in the solution of the problem. This review will give readers an insight into use of certain parameters in their future research along with future research directions

The learners' perspective on internal medicine ward rounds: a cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ward rounds form an integral part of Internal Medicine teaching. This study aimed to determine the trainees' opinions regarding various aspects of their ward rounds, including how well they cover their learning needs, how they would like the rounds to be conducted, and differences of opinion between medical students and postgraduates.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 134 trainees in Internal Medicine, comprising medical students, interns, residents and fellows, who were asked to fill in a structured, self-designed questionnaire. Most of the responses required a rating on a scale of 1-5 (1 being highly unsatisfactory and 5 being highly satisfactory).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Teaching of clinical skills and bedside teaching received the lowest overall mean score (Mean ± SD 2.48 ± 1.02 and 2.49 ± 1.12 respectively). They were rated much lower by postgraduates as compared to students (p < 0.001). All respondents felt that management of patients was the aspect best covered by the current ward rounds (Mean ± SD 3.71 ± 0.72). For their desired ward rounds, management of patients received the highest score (Mean ± SD 4.64 ± 0.55), followed by bedside examinations (Mean ± SD 4.60 ± 0.61) and clinical skills teaching (Mean ± SD 4.50 ± 0.68). The postgraduates desired a lot more focus on communication skills, counselling and medical ethics as compared to students, whose primary focus was teaching of bedside examination and management. A majority of the respondents (87%) preferred bedside rounds over conference room rounds. Even though the duration of rounds was found to be adequate, a majority of the trainees (68%) felt there was a lack of individual attention during ward rounds.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study highlights important areas where ward rounds need improvement in order to maximize their benefit to the learners. There is a need to modify the current state of ward rounds in order to address the needs and expectations of trainees.</p

The effects of demographics and relations in children’s video and computer game selection

For the last three decades, many things have changed around us. New businesses have grown up and new fields have emerged. One such field is video games which are liked by children. There is already research, which proves that children often like to play violent games which affect their personality and make their behavior violent (Rathus, 2004; Anderson & Dill, 2000; Crawford, 2003; Walsh, 2001) rather than playing educational and IQ games which increase their learning abilities. Our work is about what are the factors which affect the game selection in children. Main parameters for the research were demographic factors and relations. These two parameters are part of their whole environment and have different impact on the game preference; we have explored affect of these parameters in our paper. Under these two parameters we have focused relations with sibling and friends. Children demographics of age, gender and ethnicity were studied. To collect data, detailed interviews were conducted with children from three different ethnicities (Danish, Pakistani and Arabic) to see the relations between demographic factors and relations to game preferences. The collected interview data is then analyzed to draw conclusions. Gender influences the game preferences. Tendency to play fight games was more in boys then girls. Being not the dominant in sibling rivalry was a factor in behavior towards violence games in Pakistani and Arabic children. Danish children were influenced by friends rather than siblings. Ethnicity also affects the game selection. As the child age increases he tends to play more strategy oriented games

Stability Characteristics of Wing Span and Sweep Morphing for Small Unmanned Air Vehicle: A Mathematical Analysis

Morphing aircraft are the flight vehicles that can reconfigure their shape during the flight in order to achieve superior flight performance. However, this promising technology poses cross-disciplinary challenges that encourage widespread design possibilities. This research aims to investigate the flight dynamic characteristics of various morphed wing configurations that can be incorporated in small-scale UAVs. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of in-flight wing sweep and wingspan morphing on aerodynamic and flight stability characteristics. Longitudinal, lateral, and directional characteristics were evaluated using linearized equations of motion. An open-source code based on Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) assuming quasi-steady flow was used for this purpose. Trim points were identified for a range of angles of attack in prestall regime. The aerodynamic coefficients and flight stability derivatives were compared for the aforementioned morphing schemes with a fixed-wing counterpart. The results indicated that wingspan morphing is better than wing sweep morphing to harness better aerodynamic advantages with favorable flight stability characteristics. However, extension in wingspan beyond certain limits jeopardizes the advantages. Dynamically, wingspan and sweep morphing schemes behave in an exactly opposite way for longitudinal modes, whereas lateral-directional dynamics act in the same fashion for both morphing schemes. The current study provided a baseline to explore the advanced flight dynamic aspects of employed wing morphing schemes