ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Weak phylogenetic signal for specialisation in antagonistic liana–tree networks

<div><p><b><i>Background</i></b>: Antagonistic interactions, such as parasitism and herbivory, are generally specialised and have a strong phylogenetic signal for specialisation. As lianas and trees interact antagonistically, we expect to find phylogenetic signal for specialisation.</p><p><b><i>Aims</i></b>: We aimed to answer the following questions: (1) Is the liana–tree network specialised? (2) Is the specialisation of liana–tree network related to the abundance of both the life forms? (3) Is liana and tree specialisation related to species phylogeny? (4) Do phylogenetically related liana species occupy phylogenetically related tree species, and vice versa?</p><p><b><i>Methods</i></b>: For three areas in southern Brazil, we calculated the specialisation value of each liana and tree species (<i>d</i>') and of the entire network (<i>H</i>₂′). Binomial regression and null models were used to test the role of abundance on <i>d</i>' and <i>H</i>₂′, respectively. We searched for the presence of phylogenetic signal with phylogenetic independent contrasts for <i>d</i>'. We also compared the similarity of species sets and their interaction with phylogenetic distance between them using Mantel test.</p><p><b><i>Results</i></b>: All three networks had significant values of <i>H</i>₂′, but the values of <i>d</i>' did not have significant phylogenetic signals. Closely related lianas did not share similar host-tree assemblages and vice versa. Rare species were more specialised than abundant species, and abundance did not influence <i>H</i>₂′.</p><p><b><i>Conclusions</i></b>: Our study indicates that the significant <i>H</i>₂′ may be due to co-evolution in some lineages of lianas and trees. Nevertheless, the abundance of species may also play an important role in species interaction, mainly rare species.</p></div

Avaliação do cuidado à saúde da gestante no contexto do Programa Saúde da Família Evaluation of the care to the pregnant woman's health in the context of the Family Health Program

A avaliação em sistemas e serviços de saúde vem sendo evidenciada em diversos momentos da discussão das políticas de saúde e práticas em serviços. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os cuidados primários em saúde prestados às gestantes pelo Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) no município de Teixeiras (MG). De acordo com as proposições de Donabedian (1990), que relaciona as dimensões de estrutura, processo e resultado, utilizou-se um sistema de escores específicos para análise de tais dimensões e seus respectivos atributos, classificando o município nos cenários incipiente, intermediário e avançado se obtivesse entre 0,0 e 33,3%; 33,4 e 66,6%; 66,7 e 100,00%, respectivamente. As dimensões, na síntese, resultaram em um cenário intermediário (52,2%) para o PSF, caracterizado por uma atenção à saúde da gestante fragmentada, mas que possui alguns avanços na organização da atenção para este grupo. Apesar de tais avanços na implantação do PSF, o cenário encontrado revela que o programa ainda apresenta fortes marcas características do modelo hegemônico centrado nos procedimentos e na atenção biomédica.<br>The importance of health systems and services evaluation has been evidenced in several discussions on policies for health and practices in services. Thus, this study was carried out to analyze the primary care to the pregnant women by the Family Health Program (PSF) in the municipality of Teixeiras, Minas Gerais State. According to the propositions by Donabedian (1990) who relates the dimensions of structure, process and result, a specific score system was used to analyze these dimensions and their respective attributes, classifying the program into the incipient, intermediate and advanced sceneries, if the following were obtained: from 0.0 to 33.3%, 33.4% to 66.6, 66.7, and 100.00%, respectively. In summary, such dimensions resulted into a intermediate scenery (52.2%) for PSF characterized by an attention to the fragmented pregnant woman's health, although presenting some progresses concerning the organization of attention toward this group. Although progresses in implantation of PSF, the scenario reveals the program still presents strong characteristic marks of the hegemonic model centered on procedures and biomedical attention