Chromospheric impact of an exploding solar granule

Observations of multi-wavelength and therefore height-dependent information following events throughout the solar atmosphere and unambiguously assigning a relation between these rapidly evolving layers are rare and difficult to obtain. Yet, they are crucial for our understanding of the physical processes that couple the different regimes in the solar atmosphere. We characterize the exploding granule event with simultaneous observations of Hinode spectroplarimetric data in the solar photosphere and Hinode broadband CaIIH images combined with Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) slit spectra. We follow the evolution of an exploding granule and its connectivity throughout the atmosphere and analyze the dynamics of a magnetic element that has been affected by the abnormal granule. In addition to magnetic flux maps we use a local correlation tracking method to infer the horizontal velocity flows in the photosphere and apply a wavelet analysis on several IRIS chromospheric emission features such as MgIIk2v and MgIIk3 to detect oscillatory phenomena indicating wave propagation. During the vigorous expansion of the abnormal granule we detect radially outward horizontal flows, causing, together with the horizontal flows from the surrounding granules, the magnetic elements in the bordering intergranular lanes to be squeezed and elongated. In reaction to the squeezing, we detect a chromospheric intensity and velocity oscillation pulse which we identify as an upward traveling hot shock front propagating clearly through the IRIS spectral line diagnostics of MgIIh&k. Conclusion: Exploding granules can trigger upward-propagating shock fronts that dissipate in the chromosphere.Comment: 5 pages (3 figures)+1 page movie snapshots(2 figures), accepted in A&A letters, movies can be found at http://www.science-media.org/216 and http://www.science-media.org/21

Designing helical peptide inhibitors of protein–protein interactions

Short helical peptides combine characteristics of small molecules and large proteins and provide an exciting area of opportunity in protein design. A growing number of studies report novel helical peptide inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. New techniques have been developed for peptide design and for chemically stabilizing peptides in a helical conformation, which frequently improves protease resistance and cell permeability. We summarize advances in peptide crosslinking chemistry and give examples of peptide design studies targeting coiled-coil transcription factors, Bcl-2 family proteins, MDM2/MDMX, and HIV gp41, among other targets.National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (Award GM067681)National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (Award GM110048)National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (Award GM084181

The effect of sleep health behavioral education on the depression of pregnant women with sleep disorders: A randomized control trial

Background: About 79 of the pregnant women experience sleep disorders and 70 of pregnant women experience some symptoms of the depression. Physiologic, hormonal, and physical changes of pregnancy can predispose mothers to depression these disorders before, during, and after childbirth and might be aggravated by neglecting health behavior. Health behavior education might be useful for the management of depression in pregnant women. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleep health behavioral education on the improvement of depression in pregnant women with sleep disorders. Patients and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial, performed on 96 pregnant women with sleep disorder diagnosed according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Tools for data collection included demographic questionnaire and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Easy and accessible sampling was done. Participants were randomly (simple) allocated to intervention and control groups. In intervention group, sleep health behavior education was presented during a four-hour session held in weeks 22, 23, 24, and 25; then the patients were followed up to fill out the BDIQ in follow-up session at weeks 29 and 33 of pregnancy. The control group received no intervention and only received routine prenatal care. The results were assessed by Chi-square tests, independent-samples t-test, and Fischer�s exact-test by SPSS 16. Results: A statistically significant change was reported in the severity of depression in pregnant women with sleep disorders in the intervention group in comparison to the control group at weeks 29 (P < 0.000) and 33 (P < 0.00). Conclusions: Sleep health behavioral education improves depression in pregnant women who are experiencing insomnia. Findings from this study add support to the reported effectiveness of sleep health behavioral education in the prenatal care and clinical management of insomnia in pregnancy. © 2015, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Gradient expansion, curvature perturbations and magnetized plasmas

The properties of magnetized plasmas are always investigated under the hypothesis that the relativistic inhomogeneities stemming from the fluid sources and from the geometry itself are sufficiently small to allow for a perturbative description prior to photon decoupling. The latter assumption is hereby relaxed and pre-decoupling plasmas are described within a suitable expansion where the inhomogeneities are treated to a given order in the spatial gradients. It is argued that the (general relativistic) gradient expansion shares the same features of the drift approximation, customarily employed in the description of cold plasmas, so that the two schemes are physically complementary in the large-scale limit and for the low-frequency branch of the spectrum of plasma modes. The two-fluid description, as well as the magnetohydrodynamical reduction, are derived and studied in the presence of the spatial gradients of the geometry. Various solutions of the coupled system of evolution equations in the anti-Newtonian regime and in the quasi-isotropic approximation are presented. The relation of this analysis to the so-called separate Universe paradigm is outlined. The evolution of the magnetized curvature perturbations in the nonlinear regime is addressed for the magnetized adiabatic mode in the plasma frame.Comment: 40 pages, no figure

Rotating Lifshitz-like black holes in F(R) gravity

Regarding a particular class of pure $F(R)$ gravity in three dimensions, we obtain an analytical rotating Lifshitz-like black hole solution. We first investigate some geometrical properties of the obtained solution that reduces to a charged rotating BTZ black hole in a special limit. Then, we study the optical features of such a black hole like the photon orbit and the energy emission rate and discuss how electric charge, angular momentum, and exponents affect them. In order to have an acceptable optical behavior, we should apply some constraints on the exponents. We continue our investigation with the study of the thermodynamic behavior of the solutions in the extended phase space and examine the validity of the first law of thermodynamics besides local thermal stability through using of heat capacity. Evaluating the existence of van der Waals-like phase transition, we obtain critical quantities and show how they change under the variation of black hole parameters. Finally, we construct a holographic heat engine of such a black hole and obtain its efficiency in a cycle. By comparing the obtained efficiency with the Carnot one, we examine the second law of thermodynamics.Comment: 24 pages with 13 captioned figure

Morphological variability of the Aspius aspius taeniatus (Eichwald, 1831) in the Southern Caspian Sea Basin

Traditional morphometric measurements and meristic counts were used to investigate the hypothesis of population fragmentation of Mash mahi, Aspius aspius taeniatus (Eichwald, 1831) among two fishing areas in southern Caspian Sea basin (Tonekabon:32 specimens and Sari:34 specimens ). Univariate analysis of variance showed significant differences between the means of the two groups for 12 out of 26 standardized morphometric measurement and three out of nine meristic counts. In discriminant function analysis (DFA), the proportion of individuals correctly classified into their original groups was 82.1% and 61.2% for morphometric and meristic characteristics, respectively. Clustering based on Euclidean distances among groups of centroids using an UPGMA and also principal component analysis’ results (PCA) for morphometric and meristic data indicated that two samples of Mash mahi were distinct from each other in these regions, while there were a relatively high degree of overlap between two locations

Intercropping of Flax Seed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Under Foliar Application of Iron Nano Chelated and Zinc

In order to evaluate the intercropping advantage of flax seed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)under foliar application of Nano chelated iron and zinc, a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications on the filed located in Naghedeh,West Azerbaijan province, Iran during growing season of 2013-2014. The fertilizer treatments included control (no fertilizer), Nano chelated iron, Nano chelated zinc and Nano chelated iron+ Nano chelated zinc and intercropping patterns consist of one row of flax seed + one row of pinto bean, one row of flax seed + two rows of pinto bean, two rows of flax seed + one row of pinto bean, two rows of flax seed + two rows of pinto bean and sole cropping of each crop. Results showed that the intercropping patterns had significant effect on all of mentioned traits. The highest seed and biological yield of pinto bean were achieved in solecropping but the maximum protein content was observed in row intercropping. In flaxseed, the highest biological yield, seed yield and protein content were obtained in sole-cropping, however, the highest oil percentage of all treatments was higher than solecropping. Foliar spray with Nano chelated iron and zinc had significant effect on quantitative and qualitative yield of flax seed and pinto bean. Quantitative and qualitative yield of flax seed and pinto bean were enhanced by foliar spray of Nano chelated iron and zinc, compared with control. Among treatments, combined usage of Nano chelate showed the greater increasing in studied traits than individual consumption. The maximum LER values (1.89) were obtained for two rows of flax seed + two rows of bean with Nano chelated iron, respectively. This means that intercropping improved land use efficiency by 89%, compared with solecropping

A novel hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on modified electrode with hemoglobin and zinc oxide nanoparticles

In this study, direct electron transfer between immobilized hemoglobin (Hb) and zinc oxide nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode was studied. Direct electrochemical response of Hb on the modified electrode can be achieved and a couple of well-defined and nearly reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks of Hb can be observed in a phosphate solution. The Hb immobilized on the Modified electrode with Zno Nps displayed a pair of redox peaks in 0.1 M pH 7.0 PBS with a formal potential of + (292 ± 2) mV (vs. SCE). Hb adsorbed on the modified electrode surface shows a good activity for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The reduction peak currents were proportional linearly to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The Hb/ Zno Nps/ CPE had good repeatability and stability for the determination of H2O2