The Best Location of Belt Truss System in Tall Buildings Using Multiple Criteria Subjected to Blast Loading

The main goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of blast phenomenon on structures to determine the best location of belt truss system in tall buildings. For this purpose, one of the exterior frames of a tall steel building, in which the belt truss is located, is considered. The steel frame model is subjected to two different charges of equivalent weight which are applied in two different standoff distances. In this research, the best location of the belt truss system is determined using OpenSees software based on the nonlinear dynamic analysis. The best location of the belt truss system for different types of loading is investigated both with and without considering the post-buckling effect for all members of the belt truss system. The results show that when blast charges are located in a 5-meter range from the building (R=5), post buckling effect of truss elements are more obvious than the case in which blast charges are located in a 10-meter range (R=10); this, in turn, causes the amount of base moment to be completely different when the belt truss is located in the first storey in comparison to the cases where the belt truss is located in any other stories. In addition, if the explosion occurs near the building when the base moment is considered as a criterion, the post buckling effect has a significant role

Optimal Location of Energy Dissipation Outrigger in High-rise Building Considering Nonlinear Soil-structure Interaction Effects

Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) emerged to improve the seismic performance of high-rise structures as compared to the ordinary diagonal bracing. In this paper, the seismic performance of braced buildings with the BRB outrigger system is investigated to determine the optimal configuration of BRB outrigger, considering the nonlinear SSI effect. For this purpose, the nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out on four braced buildings with a BRB outrigger system placed on three different soil types. The outrigger configuration changes from first to the top story to capture the seismic performance of different locations of BRB outrigger. It is observed that the outrigger location affects the seismic performance, which is measured in terms of inter-story drift ratio, story displacement, story shear, and energy dissipation capacity. The results are compared to the fixed base condition buildings, which proves considering SSI, shifts the optimal location to the upper story of the structure. Moreover, the effect of soil’s stiffness on the seismic responses of structures and the optimal BRB outrigger location is investigated. Finally, the merits of BRB outrigger are shown by comparing its seismic performance that of the conventional outrigger, under frequent, basic, and rare earthquakes. The results show that the optimal locations of different 2-D buildings rested on the dense soil, medium soil, and soft clay are obtained at 0.6, 0.65, and 0.7 of the building’s height (H), respectively. Also, the results show that the optimum location of the BRB outrigger system based on the energy dissipation criteria is 0.45H to 0.65H

Numerical Simulation of Jet Mode in Electrospraying of Newtonian and Viscoelastic Fluids

The purpose of this article is to explore the role of viscoelastic properties of polymeric solutions on the jet mode in the electrospray process. In this research, several numerical simulations were performed to model the behavior of electrified Newtonian and viscoelastic jets. First, used for validating viscoelastic constitutive equations and their implementation, the benchmark problem of the sedimenting sphere is stabilized beyond the previously suggested threshold. Then, an electrified DI water jet was simulated, and the obtained jet profile was compared with the experimental data from previous publications. Finally, the proposed algorithm was used to simulate viscoelastic electrified jets, where the effect of the Weissenberg number (Wi) on the jet profile was examined. In agreement with the previously obtained experimental results, by increasing the solution concentration, the asymptotic profile of the jet is reached at a smaller length from the nozzle, while the final thickness of the jet is slightly reduced.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, The following article is going to be submitted to the international journal of multiphase flow. Once accepted, it will be replaced accordingl

Effects of Er: YAG, 980 nm and 810 nm Diode Lasers Irradiation on Biocompatibility of SLA Titanium Disks Using SaOs2 Cells Morphology

Objectives The use of lasers for the treatment of periimplant hard and soft tissues is now refmore than ever before. Achieving bone integrity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG, 980 nm and 810 nm diode lasers irradiation on biocompatibility of SLA titanium disks by SaOs2 cells morphology.Methods In this in-vitro study sixty sterile titanium disks with SLA surface were divided into four equal subgroups. One subgroup was used as a control group and the remaining three groups were irradiated with Er:YAG laser 980nm and 810nm Doide lasers, separately. After laser irradiation, all discs were autoclaved at 121° C and placed in 24 appropriate plates. The SaOs2 cells were, then, added to the plates at a density of 2×104. The cells were incubated in DMEM, CO2, and penicillin-streptomycin medium at 37 ° C for 3 days. Then, the samples were extracted from the culture medium for scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the photograph was taken by SEM at magnifications of 750, 1000, 3000, and 5000. The analyses were performed through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.Results All three groups, irradiated by laser, and the control group have shown spreading cells with plentiful phylopodia, which means the morphology of a mature bone cell. The numbers were 20.7% (Er:YAG), 52.7% (980nm Diode), 48.8% (810nm Diode) and 38.7% (Control) groups, respectively, which were not statistically significant.Conclusion Er:YAG, 980nm and 810nm diode laser irradiations with the parameters mentioned in this study do not have any negative effects on osteoblast cells attachment and their maturity on titanium implants

Wideband Directional Coupler for Millimeter Wave Application based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide

Recently, Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) techniques have been noticed for millimeter wave devices in microwave applications. In this paper, we are developing a wide band directional 3 dB coupler with a phase of 90̊ phase delay in the range of 30-40 GHz based on periodic vias and multi hole structure. For achieving this wide bandwidth multi-section coupler is designed based on the theoretical modeling and the simulation result is compared with HFSS and CST with  two different  numerical  methods show good performance with low insertion and return loss, broad operational bandwidth and high isolation. A fractional bandwidth is about 28.5 %

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Bone Mineral Density, Bone Metabolism Markers and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Post-menopausal Women: a Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial

AbstractIntroduction: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to positively influence on calcium and bone metabolism in experimental animals and cell culture, but there are limited human data available.Material and Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study was done on 76 healthy post-menopausal women (aged 55.1) which randomly assigned to receive daily four CLA capsules G80 containing 3.2 g isomer blend (50:50% cis-9, trans-11: trans-10, cis-12 isomers) or four capsules containing high oleic sunflower oil as placebo for 12 weeks. Urine and blood samples were collected at weeks 0 and 12 and were analyzed for biomarkers of calcium and bone metabolism and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6). Subjects completed 3-day dietary records during the trial, in weeks 0 (baseline), 6 and 12.Results: supplementation with 3.2 g CLA isomer blend (50:50% cis-9,trans-11:trans-10,cis-12 isomers) for 12 weeks had no significant effects on bone formation markers (serum osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) or bone resorption (urine C-telopeptide-related fraction of type 1 collagen degradation products), parathyroid hormone (PTH), urinary calcium, urinary creatinine and CTP to creatinine ratio. But serum interlukine-6 did not change significantly over 12 weeks in postmenopausal women.Conclusion: Under the conditions tested in postmenopausal women, 3.2 g CLA isomer blend (50:50% cis-9, trans-11: trans-10, cis-12 isomers) did not affect markers of bone metabolism and calcium

Modified Projective Synchronization of Chaotic Systems with Noise Disturbance, an Active Nonlinear Control Method

The synchronization problem of chaotic systems using active modified projective nonlinear control method is rarely addressed. Thus the concentration of this study is to derive a modified projective controller to synchronize the two chaotic systems. Since, the parameter of the master and follower systems are considered known, so active methods are employed instead of adaptive methods. The validity of the proposed controller is studied by means of the Lyapunov stability theorem. Furthermore, some numerical simulations are shown to verify the validity of the theoretical discussions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in both speed and accuracy points of views

Explaining justice educational indexes of religious learnings view with emphasis on Nahjol Balagheh

Justice and education (education justice) are the most important themes attention case and emphasize on Islamic learning especially Nahjol Balagheh. It looks at more discussions and talks in with field by society great ones and experts, but education justice indexes haven’t cleared in modal a scientific codified way now. Because in education justice has important role in education processes and justice is the biggest educational characteristic of Islamic system. Its indexes should be cleared in Nahjol Balagheh. This research has filled the scientific gap country. It has modeled Nahjol Balagheh as education justice standard. For searching education justice indexes in it. The aim of this research explains education justice indexes of Nahjol Balagheh View. This research is a basic research of type analysis. It has been used for explaining justice education indexes of thematic analysis way for collecting and identifying themes related to justice education indexes. First, we have examined theoretic basis and Islamic thinker’s viewpoints. Then, with referring and exact studying of Nahjol Balagheh, it has counted related extraction, code and their frequency. Thematic analysis results of comparative analysis drawing show that education justice index has been formed as one overarching, 2 integrative, 6 key themes the relation of this themes has guided in comparative analysis form. Key words: education, justice, index, Nahjol Balagheh

THE SURVEYING OF THE POLARITY BY MOOD ADJUNCTS IN PERSIAN LANGUAGE BASED ON FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR APPROACH

Polarity determines whether the message is positive or negative. This key element of every context can be expressed through mood adjuncts. The present study aimed at surviving the polarity of Persian mood adjuncts based on functional grammar approach. Both positive and negative discourses were presented and discussed. To achieve the purpose of the study, however, some negative mood adjuncts such as "hargez"(never), "be zahmat"(scarcely), "be nodrat"(rarely), and some positive mood adjuncts including "hamishe"(always), "aqlab" (often), "mamulan" (usually) and "barxi auqat" (sometimes) were discussed. Finally it was found that to carry a severe negative message in contexts using the negative polarity mood adjuncts in Persian language ٫"negative" markers are require