The quasi-cylindrical description of submerged laminar swirling jets

TThe quasi-cylindrical approximation is used to describe numerically the structure of a submerged swirling jet for subcritical values of the swirl ratio S<Sc . The emerging flow structure is affected by the swirling motion, which enhances the entrainment rate of the jet and induces an adverse pressure gradient that reduces its momentum flux. The effect is more pronounced as the swirl ratio S is increased, yielding for sufficiently large values of S a jet with an annular structure. The integration describes the smooth transition towards the far-field self-similar solution for all values of S smaller than a critical value S5Sc , at which the numerical integration fails to converge at a given downstream location. The comparisons with previous experimental results confirm the correspondence between the onset of vortex breakdown and the failure of the quasi-cylindrical approximation

Semiclassical basis sets for the computation of molecular vibrational states

In this paper, we extend a method recently reported [F. Revuelta et al., Phys. Rev. E 87, 042921 (2013)] for the calculation of the eigenstates of classically highly chaotic systems to cases of mixed dynamics, i.e., those presenting regular and irregular motions at the same energy. The efficiency of the method, which is based on the use of a semiclassical basis set of localized wave functions, is demonstrated by applying it to the determination of the vibrational states of a realistic molecular system, namely, the LiCN moleculeWe acknowledge financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under Contract Nos. MTM2012-39101 and MTM2015-63914-P and ICMAT Severo Ochoa under Contract No. SEV-2015-055

Using basis sets of scar functions

We present a method to efficiently compute the eigenfunctions of classically chaotic systems. The key point is the definition of a modified Gram-Schmidt procedure which selects the most suitable elements from a basis set of scar functions localized along the shortest periodic orbits of the system. In this way, one benefits from the semiclassical dynamical properties of such functions. The performance of the method is assessed by presenting an application to a quartic two-dimensional oscillator whose classical dynamics are highly chaotic. We have been able to compute the eigenfunctions of the system using a small basis set. An estimate of the basis size is obtained from the mean participation ratio. A thorough analysis of the results using different indicators, such as eigenstate reconstruction in the local representation, scar intensities, participation ratios, and error bounds, is also presentedThis work was supported by MINECO (Spain), under projects MTM2009-14621 and ICMAT Severo Ochoa SEV-2011-0087, and by CEAL Banco de Santander–UAM. F.R. is grateful for the support from a doctoral fellowship from UPM and the hospitality of the members of the Departamento de Física in the Laboratorio TANDAR–Comisión Nacional de la Energía Atómica, where part of this work was don

Detection of Q-matrix misspecification using two criteria for validation of cognitive structures under the Least Squares Distance Model

Cognitive Diagnostic Models (CDMs) aim to provide information about the degree to which individuals have mastered specific attributes that underlie the success of these individuals on test items. The Q-matrix is a key element in the application of CDMs, because contains links item-attributes representing the cognitive structure proposed for solve the test. Using a simulation study we investigated the performance of two model-fit statistics (MAD and LSD) to detect misspecifications in the Q-matrix within the least squares distance modeling framework. The manipulated test design factors included the number of respondents (300, 500, 1000), attributes (1, 2, 3, 4), and type of model (conjunctive vs disjunctive). We investigated MAD and LSD behavior under correct Q-matrix specification, with Qmisspecifications and in a real data application. The results shows that the two model-fit indexes were sensitive to Q-misspecifications, consequently, cut points were proposed to use in applied context.Detección de errores de especificación en la matriz Q utilizando dos criterios de validación de estructuras cognitivas con el Modelo de las Distancias Mínimo Cuadráticas (LSDM). Los Modelos de Diagnóstico Cognitivo (MDC) tienen por objeto proporcionar información sobre el grado en que los individuos dominan atributos específicos para resolver correctamente los items de un test. La matriz Q es un elemento clave en la aplicación de los MDC porque contiene vínculos entre items y atributos que representan la estructura cognitiva propuesta para resolver la prueba. Por medio de un estudio de simulación, se determinó el rendimiento de dos estadísticos de ajuste (MAD y LSD) para detectar errores de especificación en la matriz Q dentro del marco del modelo de la distancia mínimo cuadrática. Los factores manipulados en el diseño del test incluyen: número de encuestados (300, 500, 1000), número de atributos (1, 2, 3, 4), y el tipo de modelo (conjuntivo vs. disyuntivo). Se investigó el comportamiento de los valores MAD y LSD bajo una correcta especificación de Q, con errores de especificación en Q y en una aplicación de datos reales. Los resultados muestran que los dos índices son sensibles a los errores de especificación de Q, por este motivo se proponen puntos de corte para usar en aplicaciones del modelo

Early hours of treatment in a neonate nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) rescued from illegal trafficking in Ecuador

This paper presents the case of a baby nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), which was rescued from illegal wildlife trafficking in the province of Pastaza (Ecuador) and was delivered to the Center for Wildlife Rescue Flor de la Amazonia Wayra Urku (Km.35 via Arajuno, Puyo-Pastaza, Ecuador). This animal had at the time of rescue, severe hypothermia and dehydration, was treated and later was introduced to a change in diet ideal for raising it. In this review we discuss the different ways to approach the case and the treatment chosen to avoid premature death of the animal. It is believed that proper protocol was chosen to correct the initial unstable state and start hand rearing.En este trabajo se expone el caso de una cría de armadillo de nueve bandas (Dasypus novemcinctus) que fue rescatado del tráfico ilegal de especies en la provincia de Pastaza (Ecuador) y que fue entregado al Centro de Rescate de Fauna Silvestre Flor de la Amazonía Wayra Urku (Km.35 vía Arajuno, Puyo-Pastaza, Ecuador). Dicho animal presentaba en el momento del rescate una severa hipotermia y deshidratación de la que fue tratado y posteriormente se instauró el cambio de dieta ideal para la crianza a biberón del neonato. En este trabajo se discuten las diferentes formas de abordar el caso así como los tratamientos elegidos para evitar la muerte prematura del animal. Se considera que se eligió un correcto protocolo para corregir el estado inestable inicial y comenzar con la crianza a mano de la cría

Niveles de glucosa y triglicéridos en plasma seminal y motilidad espermática en COBAYOS alimentadas con 10% más en energÍa digestible

The objective the study was to determine the levels of glucose and triglycerides in seminal plasma of 10 guinea pigs, which were fed for a period of 2 months with a diet containing 10% more ED. The level of glucose found in seminal plasma was 11.59 ± 0.5 mg/dL and triglyceride value was 55.95 ± 3.2 mg/dL, while the motility was 97% on average. We conclude that in guinea pigs the levels both glucose and triglycerides were increased by major level of ED in feed, but the spermatic motility was not.El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los niveles de los componentes energéticos (glucosa y triglicéridos) en el plasma seminal y la motilidad espermática de 10 cobayos, los cuales fueron alimentados por un período de 2 meses con una dieta 10% mayor en energía digestible (ED). El nivel de glucosa encontrado en plasma seminal fue de 11.59 ± 0.5 mg/dL y el valor de triglicéridos fue de 55.95 ± 3.2 mg/dL, mientras que la motilidad promedio fue de 95%. Concluimos que en cobayos los niveles de glucosa y triglicéridos se incrementan al aumentar el nivel de ED en dieta sin producir alteraciones en la motilidad espermática

Origin of the Rubian carbonate-hosted magnesite deposit, Galicia, NW Spain: mineralogical, REE, fluid inclusion and isotope evidence)

The Rubian magnesite deposit (West Asturian—Leonese Zone, Iberian Variscan belt) is hosted by a 100-m-thick folded and metamorphosed Lower Cambrian carbonate/siliciclastic metasedimentary sequence—the Cándana Limestone Formation. It comprises upper (20-m thickness) and lower (17-m thickness) lens-shaped ore bodies separated by 55 m of slates and micaceous schists. The main (lower) magnesite ore body comprises a package of magnesite beds with dolomite-rich intercalations, sandwiched between slates and micaceous schists. In the upper ore body, the magnesite beds are thinner (centimetre scale mainly) and occur between slate beds. Mafic dolerite dykes intrude the mineralisation. The mineralisation passes eastwards into sequence of bedded dolostone (Buxan) and laminated to banded calcitic marble (Mao). These show significant Variscan extensional shearing or fold-related deformation, whereas neither Rubian dolomite nor magnesite show evidence of tectonic disturbance. This suggests that the dolomitisation and magnesite formation postdate the main Variscan deformation. In addition, the morphology of magnesite crystals and primary fluid inclusions indicate that magnesite is a neoformed hydrothermal mineral. Magnesite contains irregularly distributed dolomite inclusions (<50 μm) and these are interpreted as relics of a metasomatically replaced dolostone precursor. The total rare earth element (REE) contents of magnesite are verysimilar to those of Buxan dolostone but are depleted in light rare earth elements (LREE); heavy rare earth element concentrations are comparable. However, magnesite REE chondrite normalised profiles lack any characteristic anomaly indicative of marine environment. Compared with Mao calcite, magnesite is distinct in terms of both REE concentrations and patterns. Fluid inclusion studies show that the mineralising fluids were MgCl2–NaCl–CaCl2–H2O aqueous brines exhibiting highly variable salinities (3.3 to 29.5 wt.% salts). This may be the result of a combination of fluid mixing, migration of pulses of variable-salinity brines and/or local dissolution and replacement processes of the host dolostone. Fluid inclusion data and comparison with other N Iberian dolostone-hosted metasomatic deposits suggest that Rubian magnesite probably formed at temperatures between 160 and 200°C. This corresponds, at hydrostatic pressure (500 bar), to a depth of formation of ∼5 km. Mineralisation- related Rubian dolomite yields δ18O values (δ18O: 12.0–15.4‰, mean: 14.4±1.1‰) depleted by around 5‰ compared with barren Buxan dolomite (δ18O: 17.1– 20.2‰, mean: 19.4±1.0‰). This was interpreted to reflect an influx of 18O-depleted waters accompanied by a temperature increase in a fluid-dominated system. Overlapping calculated δ18Ofluid values (∼+5‰ at 200°C) for fluids in equilibrium with Rubian dolomite and magnesite show that they were formed by the same hydrothermal system at different temperatures. In terms of δ13C values, Rubian dolomite (δ13C: −1.4 to 1.9‰, mean: 0.4±1.3‰) and magnesite (δ13C: −2.3 to 2.4‰, mean: 0.60±1.0‰) generally exhibit more negative δ13C values compared with Buxan dolomite (δ13C: −0.2 to 1.9‰, mean: 0.8± 0.6‰) and Mao calcite (δ13C: −0.3 to 1.5‰, mean: 0.6± 0.6‰), indicating progressive odification to lower δ13C values through interaction with hydrothermal fluids. 87Sr/86Sr ratios, calculated at 290 Ma, vary from 0.70849 to 0.70976 for the Mao calcite and from 0.70538 to 0.70880 for the Buxan dolostone. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in Rubian magnesite are more radiogenic and range from 0.71123 to 0.71494. The combined δ18O–δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr data indicate that the magnesite-related fluids were modified basinal brines that have reacted and equilibrated with intercalated siliciclastic rocks. Magnesite formation is genetically linked to regional hydrothermal dolomitisation associated with lithospheric delamination, late-Variscan high heat flow and extensional tectonics in the NW Iberian Belt. A comparison with genetic models for the Puebla de Lillo talc deposits suggests that the formation of hydrothermal replacive magnesite at Rubian resulted from a metasomatic column with magnesite forming at higher fluid/rock ratios than dolomite. In this study, magnesite generation took place via the local reaction of hydrothermal dolostone with the same hydrothermal fluids in very high permeability zones at high fluid/rock ratios (e.g. faults). It was also possibly aided by additional heat from intrusive dykes or sub-cropping igneous bodies. This would locally raise isotherms enabling a transition from the dolomite stability field to that of magnesite

Algorithm of Myoelectric Signals Processing for the Control of Prosthetic Robotic Hands

The development of robotic hand prosthetic aims to give back people with disabilities, the ability to recover the functionality needed to manipulate the objects of their daily environment. The electrical signals sent by the brain through the nervous system are associated with the type of movement that the limbs must execute. Myoelectric sensors are non-intrusive devices that allow the capture of electrical signals from the peripheral nervous system. The relationship between the signals originated in the brain tending to generate an action and the myoelectric ones as a result of them, are weakly correlated. For this reason, it is necessary to study their interaction in order to develop the algorithms that allow recognizing orders and transform them into commands that activate the corresponding movements of the prosthesis. The present work shows the development of a prosthesis based on the design of an artificial hand Open Bionics to produce the movements, the MyoWare Muscle sensor for the capture of myoelectric signals (EMG) and the algorithm that allows to identify orders associated with three types of movement. Arduino Nano module performs the acquisition and control processes to meet the size and consumption requirements of this application.Facultad de Informátic

Algorithm of Myoelectric Signals Processing for the Control of Prosthetic Robotic Hands

The development of robotic hand prosthetic aims to give back people with disabilities, the ability to recover the functionality needed to manipulate the objects of their daily environment. The electrical signals sent by the brain through the nervous system are associated with the type of movement that the limbs must execute. Myoelectric sensors are non-intrusive devices that allow the capture of electrical signals from the peripheral nervous system. The relationship between the signals originated in the brain tending to generate an action and the myoelectric ones as a result of them, are weakly correlated. For this reason, it is necessary to study their interaction in order to develop the algorithms that allow recognizing orders and transform them into commands that activate the corresponding movements of the prosthesis. The present work shows the development of a prosthesis based on the design of an artificial hand Open Bionics to produce the movements, the MyoWare Muscle sensor for the capture of myoelectric signals (EMG) and the algorithm that allows to identify orders associated with three types of movement. Arduino Nano module performs the acquisition and control processes to meet the size and consumption requirements of this application.Facultad de Informátic

Algorithm of Myoelectric Signals Processing for the Control of Prosthetic Robotic Hands

The development of robotic hand prosthetic aims to give back people with disabilities, the ability to recover the functionality needed to manipulate the objects of their daily environment. The electrical signals sent by the brain through the nervous system are associated with the type of movement that the limbs must execute. Myoelectric sensors are non-intrusive devices that allow the capture of electrical signals from the peripheral nervous system. The relationship between the signals originated in the brain tending to generate an action and the myoelectric ones as a result of them, are weakly correlated. For this reason, it is necessary to study their interaction in order to develop the algorithms that allow recognizing orders and transform them into commands that activate the corresponding movements of the prosthesis. The present work shows the development of a prosthesis based on the design of an artificial hand Open Bionics to produce the movements, the MyoWare Muscle sensor for the capture of myoelectric signals (EMG) and the algorithm that allows to identify orders associated with three types of movement. Arduino Nano module performs the acquisition and control processes to meet the size and consumption requirements of this application.Facultad de Informátic