Developing Emergency Medicine Leaders: The AACEM/SAEM Chair Development Program at 5 Years

The Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine Chair Development Program (CDP) was started in 2014 to provide emergency medicine (EM) chairs and leaders who aspired to become academic chairs with EM‐specific leadership training. Each class participated in a 1‐year program, with five sessions taught primarily by EM leaders. Data from the first 5 years of the CDP are provided. A total of 81 participants completed the program (16% women). Twenty participants who were not chairs at entry have become EM chairs. Ratings of the CDP based on a survey of participants with a 94% response rate were very favorable. The CDP has been a popular and successful vehicle to increase leadership skills and prepare EM leaders for academic chair positions.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154449/1/acem13896_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154449/2/acem13896.pd

A Three-dimensional Printed Low-cost Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Model for Ultrasound-guided Injection Training.

Anterior shoulder dislocations are the most common, large joint dislocations that present to the emergency department (ED). Numerous studies support the use of intraarticular local anesthetic injections for the safe, effective, and time-saving reduction of these dislocations. Simulation training is an alternative and effective method for training compared to bedside learning. There are no commercially available ultrasound-compatible shoulder dislocation models. We utilized a three-dimensional (3D) printer to print a model that allows the visualization of the ultrasound anatomy (sonoanatomy) of an anterior shoulder dislocation. We utilized an open-source file of a shoulder, available from embodi3D® (Bellevue, WA, US). After approximating the relative orientation of the humerus to the glenoid fossa in an anterior dislocation, the humerus and scapula model was printed with an Ultimaker-2 Extended+ 3D® (Ultimaker, Cambridge, MA, US) printer using polylactic acid filaments. A 3D model of the external shoulder anatomy of a live human model was then created using Structure Sensor®(Occipital, San Francisco, CA, US), a 3D scanner. We aligned the printed dislocation model of the humerus and scapula within the resultant external shoulder mold. A pourable ballistics gel solution was used to create the final shoulder phantom. The use of simulation in medicine is widespread and growing, given the restrictions on work hours and a renewed focus on patient safety. The adage of see one, do one, teach one is being replaced by deliberate practice. Simulation allows such training to occur in a safe teaching environment. The ballistic gel and polylactic acid structure effectively reproduced the sonoanatomy of an anterior shoulder dislocation. The 3D printed model was effective for practicing an in-plane ultrasound-guided intraarticular joint injection. 3D printing is effective in producing a low-cost, ultrasound-capable model simulating an anterior shoulder dislocation. Future research will determine whether provider confidence and the use of intraarticular anesthesia for the management of shoulder dislocations will improve after utilizing this model

Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Rumah, Keberadaan Breeding Places, Perilaku Penggunaan Insektisida dengan Kejadian DBD di Kota Semarang

Currently dengue fever is still one of the public health problem on a global scale, national and regional levels. In 2014 there were 1,628 cases (IR = 92.43). Affecting factors of the incidence of dengue there are physical environmental factors, the existence of breeding places, the behavior of using of insecticides and stress levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the physical environment, the presence of breeding places, the behavior of using of insecticides with the incidence of dengue in the city of Semarang and to describe the espondents\u27s stress level. This type of this research is an analytic observational with case control approach. Samples of this study are patients with DHF in March until May 2016 in Semarang. The case group were 41 respondents and the control group were 41 respondents. Data analysis using chi square test and the magnitude of the risks by using odds ratios (OR). The results showed there are no relationship between the house temperature (p = 1,000 OR = 0,488), the house humidity (p = 0.440 OR = 0.5856), the existence of breeding places (p=1,000 OR=1,000), and the behaviour of using insecticides (p = 0.258 OR = 1.860)

A new simple technique for improving the random properties of chaos-based cryptosystems

A new technique for improving the security of chaos-based stream ciphers has been proposed and tested experimentally. This technique manages to improve the randomness properties of the generated keystream by preventing the system to fall into short period cycles due to digitation. In order to test this technique, a stream cipher based on a Skew Tent Map algorithm has been implemented on a Virtex 7 FPGA. The randomness of the keystream generated by this system has been compared to the randomness of the keystream generated by the same system with the proposed randomness-enhancement technique. By subjecting both keystreams to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests, we have proved that our method can considerably improve the randomness of the generated keystreams. In order to incorporate our randomness-enhancement technique, only 41 extra slices have been needed, proving that, apart from effective, this method is also efficient in terms of area and hardware resources

Self-Synchronized Encryption for Physical Layer in Gigabit Ethernet Optical Links

In this work a new self-synchronized symmetric encryption solution for high speed communication systems necessary to preserve the format of the plaintext is proposed, developed and tested. This new encryption mechanism is based on the block cipher operation mode called PSCFB (Pipelined Statistical Cipher Feedback) and the modulo operation. The confidentiality of this mode is analyzed in terms of its IND-CPA (Indistinguishability under Chosen-Plaintext Attack) advantage, concluding that it can be considered secure in the same way as traditional modes are. The encryption system has been integrated in the physical layer of a 1000Base-X Gigabit Ethernet Interface, where the 8b/10b symbol flow is encrypted at line rate. Moreover, an implementation of the proposed system has been carried out in an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) device. Finally, an encrypted optical link has been tested with real Ethernet frames, getting maximum throughput and protecting the data traffic from passive eavesdroppers

Physical Layer Encryption for Industrial Ethernet in Gigabit Optical Links

Industrial Ethernet is a technology widely spread in factory floors and critical infrastructures where a high amount of data need to be collected and transported. Fiber optic networks at gigabit rates fit well with that type of environment, where speed, system performance, and reliability are critical. In this paper, a new encryption method for high-speed optical communications suitable for such kinds of networks is proposed. This new encryption method consists of a symmetric streaming encryption of the 8b/10b data flow at physical coding sublayer level. It is carried out thanks to a format preserving encryption block cipher working in CTR (counter) mode. The overall system has been simulated and implemented in a field programmable gate array. Thanks to experimental results, it can be concluded that it is possible to cipher traffic at this physical level in a secure way. In addition, no overhead is introduced during encryption, getting minimum latency and maximum throughput

Chaotic Encryption Applied to Optical Ethernet in Industrial Control Systems

In the past decades, Ethernet has become an alternative technology for the field buses traditionally used in industrial control systems and distributed measurement systems. Among different transmission media in Ethernet standards, optical fiber provides the best bandwidth, excellent immunity to electromagnetic interference, and less signal loses than other wired media. Due to the absence of a standard that provides security at the physical layer of optical Ethernet links, the main motivation of this paper is to propose and implement the necessary modifications to introduce encryption in Ethernet 1000Base-X standard. This has consisted of symmetric streaming encryption of the 8b10b symbols flow at physical coding sublayer level, thanks to a keystream generator based on chaotic algorithm. The overall system has been implemented and tested in an field programmable gate array and Ethernet traffic has been encrypted and transmitted over an optical link. The experimental results show that it is possible to cipher traffic at this level and hide the complete Ethernet traffic pattern from passive eavesdroppers. In addition, no space overhead is introduced in data frames during encryption, achieving the maximum throughput

Analisis Tokoh Utama Dan Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Novel Anak Sejuta Bintang Karya Akmal Nasery Basral

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan tokoh utama dalam mendukung keutuhan karya sastra, nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter, dan penggunaan hasil kajian novel Anak Sejuta Bintang karya Akmal Nasery Basral sebagai bahan ajar bagi siswa SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis isi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut ini. Pertama, tokoh Ical sebagai tokoh utama digambarkan melalui 3 dimensi, yaitu dimensi fisiologis sebagai sosok anak laki-laki berusia 3-12 tahun, berperawakan ramping, dan gagah; dimensi sosiologis, Ical merupakan keturunan Lampung dan Batak yang mudah bergaul dan memiliki jiwa kepemimpinan di masyarakat; dimensi psikologis, Ical mendapatkan pendidikan yang baik di keluarga dan terbuka menceritakan permasalahan kepada orangtua. Kedua, novel Anak Sejuta Bintang mengandung 13 nilai karakter, yaitu religius, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, demokratis, rasa ingin tahu, cinta tanah air, menghargai prestasi bersahabat/komunikatif, cinta damai, peduli sosial, dan tanggung jawab. Ketiga, novel Anak Sejuta Bintang dapat dijadikan bahan pembelajaran sastra novel di SMA