Estudio tipológico y funcional de las toberas del yacimiento de la Fonteta (Guardamar del Segura, Alicante)

The Phoenician site of La Fonteta (Guardamar del Segura, Alicante), thanks mainly to the discovery of many metallurgical dumps, has yielded abundant material that can be related to the production of iron, copper, copper/ lead and binary and ternary bronzes and probably to lead and silver. Among the archaeometallurgical remains discovered at the site, it is particularly worthy of attention a significant group of tuyeres, constituted by more than 400 fragments. The tuyeres documented so far can be placed in a chronological phase that spans approximately from the beginnings of the VIII century to the end of the VII century B.C. At present, this group of tuyeres can be considered the most abundant and varied known on a Phoenician site in the Iberian Peninsula. The study of this material allows us to define the variability of their shapes and to observe whether this morphological change reflects any technological factor related to metallurgical activities, or to the processed metallic product. To this end, in the present article we define the typologies of the above mentioned materials, their frequency during the different phases, and the context in which they were found. Wherever possible, we also present the results obtained through elemental analyses of the slagged parts adhered to the mouthpieces of these tuyeres.   El yacimiento fenicio de La Fonteta (Guardamar del Segura, Alicante), gracias sobre todo al descubrimiento de numerosos vertederos metalúrgicos, ha proporcionado abundantes materiales relacionados con la producción de hierro, cobre, cobre/plomo y bronces binarios y ternarios, y probablemente también con la obtención de plomo y de plata. Entre estos restos arqueometalúrgicos hay que destacar por cantidad y variedad un significativo conjunto de toberas, constituido por más de 400 fragmentos. Las piezas documentadas hasta ahora se enmarcan en un arco cronológico que va desde los comienzos del siglo VIII a.C. hasta finales del siglo VII a.C. Actualmente, este conjunto de toberas se puede considerar el más abundante y variado conocido en un yacimiento fenicio de la Península Ibérica, y el estudio de este material nos permitirá definir la variabilidad de las formas y observar si ese cambio formal responde a algún factor tecnológico vinculado con actividades metalúrgicas o con el tipo de producto metálico procesado. Para ello, en este artículo definiremos los tipos, su frecuencia en las diferentes fases, su contexto de aparición y, en los casos en los que haya sido posible, se presentarán los resultados obtenidos por el análisis elemental de los restos escoriaceos adheridos a las bocas de estas toberas.

An Audience-Centric Approach for Museums Sustainability

therefore, in order to become sustainable, museums should pay attention to audience and its internal diversity. In this way, a cultural site can plan tailored strategies to increase the number of visits and re-visits and to achieve community support. For this reason it is necessary to understand the cultural needs of visitors, acquiring appropriate monitoring tools, such as qualitative and quantitative ones. Generally, quantitative analyses are more reliable and complete, even if they require a considerable number of observations for the reliability of the results. Moreover, qualitative analysis provides more in depth information, even if their data do not allow us to make generalizations. The qualitative and quantitative methods for the detection of satisfaction are usually used separately, but their integration may bring significant added value in terms of the wealth of information. This study follows the analysis of the potential of the integration of qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques customized with respect to different types of targets. The results of the experimentation performed on ethnographic museums shows a consistency of the results obtained by the two different tools that increase the capacity information of survey instruments

The Relation between Collaborative Consumption and Subjective Well-Being: An Analysis of P2P Accommodation

The present paper investigates the relationships between Collaborative Consumption (CC) and well-being. Specifically, the study aims to understand the antecedents of subjective well-being (SWB) in peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation services. The research adopts a mixed-method approach by integrating qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (survey) methods with sequential logic. A conceptual model was developed and validated through structural equation modelling (SEM). The model confirms that the SWB, which has three indirect antecedents (the social, environmental and economic dimensions), was positively influenced by the attitude towards P2P accommodation services, and the relation between this construct and SWB emphasizes the originality of the study. This research contributes to the current sharing economy debate, unveiling theoretical advances on the link between collaborative services and well-being

Análisis de escorias de plomo del poblado de la Edad del Hierro de El Calvari en El Molar (Priorat, Tarragona)

[ES] El conjunto arqueológico de El Calvari en El Molar está formado por un poblado y una necrópolis de época preibérica, de los siglos VIII-VII AC. Uno de sus aspectos más relevantes es el hallazgo de materiales orientalizantes de tipología fenicia, cuya presencia se ha puesto en relación con intereses fenicios en el comercio de metales, en particular de la plata, metal cuya explotación está históricamente atestiguada en el área metalífera de Molar-Bellmunt-Falset. Entre los materiales de interés arqueometalúrgico encontrados en el poblado destaca una serie de fragmentos de escorias de plomo, cuyas muestras seleccionadas han sido analizadas exhaustivamente en el microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM-EDX) y espectrometría (XRF-ED) para determinar su composición química y mineralógica, así como la posible presencia de relictos de mineral de plata. Las escorias son de tres tipos: unas tienen aspecto heterogéneo, con un material fundido que atrapa granos de sílice y feldespato si reaccionar, fácilmente desmenuzables incluso con los dedos; los otros dos derivan del anterior hacia vidrios plomados. Las fases mineralógicas más abundantes en el fundido son vidrios silicatados con plomo, que forman una matriz en la que frecuentemente han cristalizado bastones y agujas de wollastonita, alófana y otros silicatos. Abundan las inclusiones esféricas de plomo y óxido de plomo. No se han encontrado minerales de plata ni plata metálica. Las pérdidas totales de plomo en la escora son, en general, superiores al 10% en peso, llegando a cifras cercanas al 50%.[EN] The archeological site of El Calvari in El Molar is composed by a village and a necropolis of pre-Iberian chronology, 8th -7th. One of its most importan aspects was the find of orientalizing materials of Phoenician typology, which presence has been related to Phoenician interests in the metals trade, particularly silver, a metal which exploitatiion has been historially attested in the metallferous area of Molar-Bellmunt-Falset. Among the materials of archaeometallurgical interest found in the village stands out a group of fragments of lead slag, a selection of which have been exhaustively analysed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) and through spectyrometry (XRF/ED) to determine their chemical and ineralogical composition, as well as the possible presence of traces of silver mineral. The slags are of three types: one presents a heterogeneous aspect, with a fused material that traps unreacted grains of silica and feldspar, easily crumbled even using only the fingers; the other two types derive from the first one to leaded glasses. The most abundant mineralogical phases inteh fused material are silicated glasses with lead, forming a matrix where there had frequently crystalized rods and needles of wollastonite, allophane and other silicates. There´s an abundance of speherical lead and lead oxide inclusions. Metallic silver or silver minerals were not found. The total losses of lead in the slag are, in general, above the 10% in weight, reaching figures up to near the 50%.Peer reviewe

Preliminary study of slags and slaggy layers on ceramics from the bronze age metallurgical site of peñalosa (Baños de la Encina, Jaén)

Este trabajo ofrece una revisión de los procesos metalúrgicos llevados a cabo en el asentamiento I, de acuerdo con los resultados del reciente estudio analítico realizado sobre los restos de escorias y escorificaciones de cerámicas metalúrgicas. A partir de estos análisis, que nos permiten la identificación de los minerales procesados y de las características de la producción metálica obtenida, se aportan nuevas perspectivas para determinar el tipo de tecnología desarrollada y las condiciones en las que se llevaron a cabo los diferentes procesos. En este sentido destaca la utilización de minerales de cobre muy ricos en plomo, que proporcionan altas cantidades de compuestos de plomo en las vasijas cerámicas y en productos secundarios como escorias y restos de fundición. Se completa el estudio con el análisis de la tipología y tecnología de las vasijas cerámicas de uso metalúrgico.This paper offers a revision of the metallurgical processes carried out at the settlement on the basis of a recent analytical study of slags and slagged metallurgical ceramics. These analyses allowed us to identify the ores processed and the characteristics of this metal production. Therefore, the results obtained provide new perspectives to determining what type of technology was developed and the working conditions of the different processes carried out at the site. In this sense, the use of lead-rich copper ores stands out in explaining the presence of high quantities of lead compounds detected in various metallurgical ceramics and in secondary products, like slags and melting wastes. The present study also includes typological and technological analysis of metallurgical ceramic vessels

Multi-messenger searches via IceCube’s high-energy neutrinos and gravitational-wave detections of LIGO/Virgo

We summarize initial results for high-energy neutrino counterpart searches coinciding with gravitational-wave events in LIGO/Virgo\u27s GWTC-2 catalog using IceCube\u27s neutrino triggers. We did not find any statistically significant high-energy neutrino counterpart and derived upper limits on the time-integrated neutrino emission on Earth as well as the isotropic equivalent energy emitted in high-energy neutrinos for each event