Supplementation for red angus x nellore steers raised on tropical pastures during wet season

v. 13, n. 1, p.15-23, jan./mar. 2012.Submitted by Marlene Santos ([email protected]) on 2013-05-10T20:38:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 10550.pdf: 329910 bytes, checksum: d59c9e97a9fcaf694f69f5bfa76d3a95 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Moura ([email protected]) on 2013-05-15T20:35:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 10550.pdf: 329910 bytes, checksum: d59c9e97a9fcaf694f69f5bfa76d3a95 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-15T20:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10550.pdf: 329910 bytes, checksum: d59c9e97a9fcaf694f69f5bfa76d3a95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03CAPES/CNPq; Programa de Apoio às Publicações Periódicas Científicas (PROAPUPEC) da UFGEste experimento foi conduzido com o propósito de avaliar o efeito de suplementos proteico-energéticos no desempenho de novilhos mestiços F1 Red Angus - Nelore, manejados em pastagem de Brachiaria purpurascens (Henr. Blumea) – capim angola, no período das chuvas. O experimento foi conduzido por 126 dias, entre janeiro e maio de 2007. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro tipos de suplementação: controle (sal mineral), concentrado (formulado para ganho de peso de 1,1 kg/dia), suplemento proteico-energético contendo fubá (SPEf) e suplemento proteico-energético contendo farelo de trigo (SPEft), com oito novilhos por tratamento. Os grupos de animais permaneceram em pastejo em lotação continua, recebendo o respectivo suplemento e água, e foram pesados a cada 28 dias. As variáveis estudadas foram o consumo, ganho de peso diário, frequência de acesso ao bebedouro e a receita menos custo de alimentação (RMCA). O consumo dos suplementos foi de 0,076; 2,77; 0,74 e 0,86 kg/animal/dia para os grupos controle, concentrado, SPEf e SPEft, respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre os ganhos de peso diário dos grupos controle (0,67 kg/d), SPEf (0,95 kg/d) e SPEft (0,78 kg/d); entretanto, o desempenho dos animais do grupo concentrado (1,18 kg/d) foi similar aos do grupo SPEf e superior aos do grupo controle e SPEft. O grupo SPEf foi o que resultou na maior RMCA, seguido do grupo controle e SPEft. O tratamento concentrado foi o que resultou na menor RMCA. O grupo controle teve menor frequência de acesso ao bebedouro em relação aos demais grupos; o grupo SPEf e o grupo SPEft tiveram comportamento similar, sendo que os animais tiveram três horários diários de maior frequência de acesso ao bebedouro; os animais do grupo concentrado tiveram maior porcentagem e distribuição de frequência de acesso ao bebedouro ao longo do dia. A suplementação proteico-energética para novilhos no período das chuvas promove maiores ganhos em peso e, consequentemente, melhores desempenhos em termos de peso vivo total; porém, dependendo da remuneração da arroba e do consumo do suplemento proteico-energético, essa estratégia pode não surtir efeito econômico positivo, quando comparado a animais criados apenas em pastagens de boa qualidade e recebendo apenas suplementação mineral adequada. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of proteic-energetic supplementation for Red Angus x Nellore steers raised on Brachiaria purpurascens (Henr. Blumea) tropical pastures during the wet season. Thirty- two steers were used to form four groups containing eight animals each. The experimental treatments were: (1) control (commercial mineral mix); (2) concentrate (concentrate ration, formulated to ensure a gain of 1.10 kg/day), and (3) proteic-energetic supplement containing whether corn (SCC) or (4) wheat midllings (SCWM). Daily weight gain, supplement intake, income over feed costs and the frequency of water trough access were assessed. The supplement intake was 0.076, 2.77, 0.74 and 0.86 kg/steer/day for the control, concentrate, SCC and SCWM groups, respectively. There were no differences in the daily weight gain amongst the control, SCC and SCWM groups and the concentrate group had the highest daily weight gain. The animals that received SCC had the highest income over feed costs and the concentrate group had the lowest one. Proteic-energetic supplementation during the wet season can, numerically, improve the daily weight gain, but this nutritional strategy must be done with caution to avoid economic losses

SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE NOVILHOS RED ANGUS X NELORE CRIADOS EM PASTAGEM TROPICAL DURANTE A ÉPOCA CHUVOSA

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of proteic-energetic supplementation for Red Angus x Nellore steers raised on Brachiaria purpurascens (Henr. Blumea) tropical pastures during the wet season. Thirty-two steers were used to form four groups containing eight animals each. The experimental treatments were: (1) control (commercial mineral mix); (2) concentrate (concentrate ration, formulated to ensure a gain of 1.10 kg/day), and (3) proteic-energetic supplement containing whether corn (SCC) or (4) wheat midllings (SCWM). Daily weight gain, supplement intake, income over feed costs and the frequency of water trough access were assessed. The supplement intake was 0.076, 2.77, 0.74 and 0.86 kg/steer/day for the control, concentrate, SCC and SCWM groups, respectively. There were no differences in the daily weight gain amongst the control, SCC and SCWM groups and the concentrate group had the highest daily weight gain. The animals that received SCC had the highest income over feed costs and the concentrate group had the lowest one. Proteic-energetic supplementation during the wet season can, numerically, improve the daily weight gain, but this nutritional strategy must be done with caution to avoid economic losses

Ocorrência da infecção por Brucella ovis em ovinos do município de Alegre/ES

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência da infecção por Brucella ovis em rebanhos de ovinos na cidade de Alegre, localizada no sul do estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. A infecção afeta principalmente o trato reprodutivo dos animais infectados, causando epididimite, orquite com comprometimento na qualidade dos espermatozoides nos machos, abortamento e nascimento de cordeiros fracos e prematuros nas fêmeas gestantes, e endometrite nas fêmeas vazias. Foram visitadas três propriedades, totalizando 197 animais, que tiveram amostras de sangue coletadas e posteriormente centrifugadas, para obtenção do soro e posterior detecção da presença de anticorpos contra B. ovis pela técnica de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA). Das 197 amostras analisadas, 20 (10,15%) foram positivas. Deste modo, foi observada a primeira evidência sorológica da infecção por B. ovis nos rebanhos de ovinos em Alegre/ES, que pode levar ao comprometimento na produtividade do rebanho, sendo se necessário aplicar medidas de controle para que não haja disseminação da infecção para os animais sadios

The use of tanniferous plant in the goat diet as alternative to parasite control

O presente trabalho avaliou a eficácia da torta de pimenta rosa (TPR) na dieta de caprinos leiteiros nas fases de cria e recria, como agente antiparasitário frente ao controle da coccidiose com ionóforo, monensina sódica. Foram utilizadas 18 cabras, da raça Saanen, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em grupos de três tratamentos e seis repetições, constituídos pelos grupos experimentais: grupo 1 - controle sem adição de ionóforo ou de TPR; grupo 2 - suplementado com 30% de TPR; grupo 3 - controle positivo adição de monensina sódica. Observou-se efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre o consumo voluntário animal, tanto na fase de cria quanto na de recria, sendo que os animais suplementados com TPR tiveram os menores valores de consumo comparado com os demais grupos (P?0,05), mas sem interferir negativamente no peso corporal. Em geral, tanto na fase de cria quanto de recria, o consumo voluntário entre os grupos controle negativo e controle positivo, não diferiram entre si (P>0,05). Na fase de recria constatou-se que houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o peso corporal (P?0,05), a partir da sétima semana de experimento. Os animais alimentados com TPR tiveram um peso corporal superior ao controle negativo (P?0,05) e similar aos tratados com a monensina sódica (P>0,05). A contagem de oocistos por grama de fezes foi menor nos animais tratados com TPR diferindo significativamente do controle negativo (P?0,05). Em relação à contagem de ovos por grama de fezes não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos (P>0,05). Verificou-se que o TPR foi eficaz no controle dos protozoários da família Eimeriidae, com potencial para serem utilizadas em programas alternativos de controle da eimeriose caprina. Concomitantemente, também maximizou o desempenho animal conferindo maior peso corporal mesmo com a redução de consumo voluntário.This study evaluated the effectiveness of pink pepper meal supplementation (PPM) in the dairy goats diet as an antiparasitic agent compared with ionophore, the monensin sodium. A total of 18 female Saanen goats, were distributed in a completely randomized in groups of three treatments and six replications, consisting of the experimental groups: negative control (did not receive anticoccidial agent or PPS), group 1 (supplemented with 30% of PPM) and group 2 (supplemented with anticoccidial agent – monensin sodium). There was a significant effect of treatments on voluntary feed intake on growing phases (P ? 0.05). Furthermore, the animals treated with PPM had the lowest food consumption compared with the other treatments (P ? 0.05), but without negative effect on live body weight. In general, at both phases of rearing, it was not detected significant difference between the voluntary feed intake of control group and with monensin sodium supplementation (P > 0.05), but the food consumption in the control group did not result on increase of live body weight probably due to sanitary challenges such as gastrointestinal parasites. The opposite was observed in animals treated with monensin sodium that had the highest body weight (P ? 0.05) that did not differ from animals fed with pink pepper (P > 0.05). By the way, in the growth phase our results revealed significantly effect of treatments on live body weight (P ? 0.05). Animals fed with pink pepper supplementation had a greater live body weight compared with the control (P ? 0.05) and similar to those supplemented with the monensin sodium (P > 0.05). The number of oocysts per gram of faeces was lower in animals treated with PPS that differed significantly from control (P ? 0.05). Regarding the count number of eggs per gram of faeces OPG, it was not detected significant effect of treatments (P> 0.05). It was found that the pink pepper supplementation was effective in the control of gastrointestinal parasites of goats, mainly on protozoa family Eimeriidae, revealing potential for use in alternative parasite control programs. Concomitantly also it was showed maximizing animal performance by high live body weight even with the reduction of voluntary feed intake

Association between kinetics of ruminal degradation parameters and cell wall constituents of four tropical grasses Associações entre parâmetros da cinética de degradação ruminal e os constituintes da parede celular de quatro gramíneas tropicais

The association of digestible and indigestible cell wall contents, the in vitro dry mater digestibility, the digestion rate, lag phase and the relative gas volume produced from neutral detergent fiber potentially digestible were evaluated in tropical grasses samples. The samples were from setaria grass, hemarthria grass, angola grass and acroceres grass fertilized with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400kg of N/ha and in the cutting ages of 28, 42, 56 and 70 days. The results were submitted to a factor analysis. It was opted for the adoption of three factors comprising 73,81% % of the total variation, where the first factor was strongly associated with the in vitro dry matter digestibility, neutral detergent fiber potentially digestible, lag and with relative gas volume. The second factor was connected to the indigestible neutral detergent fiber and with digestion rate, and the third factor was related to lignin. The neutral potentially digestible detergent fiber showed positive correlation (0.5294) with in vitro dry matter digestibility (P&lt;0.01), for hermarthria grass at 42 days old. This grass showed better results when compared to the other grasses, and it presented higher values for in vitro dry matter digestibility (69.39%) and neutral detergent fiber potentially digestible (57.89%) and smaller production of relative gas volume (0,186mL/mg), that means better fermentation characteristics and utilization of carbon for energy production.<br>Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre constituintes digestíveis e indigestíveis da parede celular, a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e a taxa de digestão, latência e volume relativo de gás produzido a partir da fibra em detergente neutro potencialmente digestível de amostras obtidas de capins setária, hemarthria, angola e acroceres, adubados com 0, 100, 200, 300 e 400kg de N/ha e colhidos aos 28, 42, 56 e 70 dias de idade. Os resultados foram avaliados através de análise de fatores. Optou-se pela adoção de três fatores, os quais englobaram 73,81% da variação total, em que o primeiro fator associou-se com a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca, com a fibra em detergente neutro potencialmente digestível, com a latência e com o volume relativo de gás. Já o segundo fator associou-se com a fibra em detergente neutro indigestível e com a taxa de digestão, e o terceiro fator associou-se à lignina. A fibra em detergente neutro potencialmente digestível apresentou correlação positiva (0,5294) com a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (P&lt;0,01), o que pode ser verificado para o capim-hemarthria aos 42 dias de idade de corte, o qual se destacou por apresentar maior digestibilidade (69,39%) e maior teor de fibra em detergente potencialmente digestível (57,89%). Por outro lado, verificou-se também menor volume relativo de gás (0,186mL/mg) , em que, quanto menor o volume de g��s, pode-se inferir em melhor característica de fermentação e utilização dos carbonos para produção de energia

Seroprevalence and Influence of Bovine Leukemia Virus on the Incidence of Mastitis in Dairy Herds

Background: The enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a viral disease with a chronic aspect and its etiological agent is an oncogenic deltaretrovirus called bovine leukemia virus (VLB). It has a wide distribution in dairy cattle herds, and it may take several years before the first clinical manifestations occur. Animals seropositive for VLB are more susceptible to developing infectious diseases such as mastitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of EBL, the prevalence of mastitis, the possible association between leukosis and mastitis, and the risk factors related to leukosis in municipalities of the Caparaó region of Espírito Santo, Brazil.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: The prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis and its association with mastitis were evaluated in an 854 clinically healthy crossbred (Bos tauros tauros x Bos taurus indicus) dairy cows were used, in different lactation phases, from farms located in the 12 municipalities that compose the Caparaó Capixaba micro-region, in the southern part of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in the period from February to July 2015. The seroprevalence of EBL was determined by the agar gel immunodiffusion test, the presence of clinical mastitis was ascertained by the black background mug test and of subclinical mastitis by the CMT. The reuse of needles, type of milking, reproductive management, calf mortality, presence of reproductive problems and milk yield were the risk factors assessed. The association between the variables was estimated by the odds ratio (95% confidence interval). The significance of the associations was determined by the Chi-square test. The prevalence of EBL, clinical and subclinical mastitis was 56.79%, 5.50% and 43.55%, respectively. There was a positive association between the EBL virus and the presence of subclinical mastitis (P &lt; 0.05, OR = 1.41, CI = 1.07-1.86). The reuse of disposable needles (OR = 1.92, CI = 1.46-2.53), mechanical milking (OR = 2.03, CI = 1.34-3.08), calf mortality (OR = 2.39; CI = 1.25-4.55) and the presence of reproductive problems (OR = 1.62; CI = 1.23-2.14) were considered risk factors associated with LEB (P &lt; 0.05).Discussion: Enzootic bovine leukosis is disseminated in the dairy herds in the municipalities the study. The lack of knowledge about EBL among farmers and the failure to adopt measures for its control and elimination favor the appearance of new cases in the herd. Factors such as animal age, absence of exams when purchasing animals, reuse of gloves for rectal palpation and needles, contribute to dissemination of the infection. The economic losses associated with subclinical mastitis can even be greater than those caused by clinical mastitis. The differences for prevalence of clinical mastitis can be associated with the breeding system, type of management, intensification and level of production.  In this context, we noted a much larger number of animals with subclinical infection, where the losses may not be perceptible to the farmers. It is concluded that EBL is widespread in dairy herds of the municipalities of Caparaó Espírito Santo's region. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis is high in some cities surveyed. The presence of EBL increases the chances of developing subclinical mastitis. The reuse of disposable needles and mechanical milking were considered risk factors associated with EBL. Seroreagent animals for EBL are more likely to present calf mortality and reproductive problems. It is necessary to discuss the best sanitary management system for the region, with a better economic and social response and then carry out the elaboration of educational and implementation measures, through technical assistance

Production and quality of milk from Mantiqueira dairy cows feeding on Mombasa grass pasture and receiving different sources of roughage supplementation

Production and quality of milk from dairy cows grazing exclusively on Mombasa grass pasture, during the spring-summer period and fed roughage supplementations, during the autumn-winter, were evaluated in two consecutive years. The pasture of 11.4 ha was divided into 57 paddocks of 2,000 m² each, including three replications with 19 paddocks each. The pasture was managed with two occupation days and 36 resting days. During the spring-summer period, cows received only grass pasture. In the autumn-winter period, they had access to Mombasa grass pasture and received roughage supplementations (black oat pasture; sorghum silage or sugarcane + urea) and pasture every 28 days, alternately. The animals had access to mineral mix and water and received 500 g of concentrated in each of the two milking times. The experimental design used was for response to continuous flow in rotational trial, similar to the Latin square model. In the spring-summer period, the average milk production was 12.2±2.2 and 14.0±3.8 kg/cow per day; for the autumn-winter period, the milk production was 13.5±2.9 and 12.1±2.5 kg/cow per day in the black oat pasture; 11.8±2.5 and 10.9±2.3 kg/cow per day in the sorghum silage and 11.3±1.8 and 8.4±1.5 kg/cow per day in the sugarcane + urea, for 1st and 2nd years evaluated, respectively. The black oat was the roughage supplementation that yielded the highest average daily milk production. There were no differences in the milk chemical composition between roughage supplementations

Predição da fração indegradável da fibra em detergente neutro em forragens tropicais a partir da concentração de lignina Estimation of the undegradable fraction of neutral detergent fiber of the tropical forages from lignin concentration

Objetivou-se avaliar a indigestibilidade potencial da fibra detergente neutro de gramíneas tropicais predita por intermédio das equações adotadas pelos sistemas nutricionais CNCPS e o NRC-2001, este último com (NRCII) ou sem o fator de correção empírico proposto por Detmann et al. (2004). Foram utilizadas 540 amostras obtidas de pastagens através da simulação manual do pastejo e da extrusa esofágica, de feno e de gramíneas tropicais submetidas a diferentes níveis de adubação e períodos de corte, cultivadas no município de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. As amostras foram submetidas à quantificação dos teores de matéria seca, de fibra detergente neutro, de lignina em ácido sulfúrico, de lignina em permanganato de potássio, de fibra detergente neutro indisponível, este último, realizado por intermédio de procedimentos de incubação in situ. O procedimento estatístico utilizado para a avaliação comparativa com relação à eficiência de predição foi a partição do quadrado médio dos erros de predição. Dentre os modelos nutricionais utilizados, os estudos mostraram que o NRC-2001 corrigido apresentou melhores resultados em simulação, quando se utilizou a lignina em ácido sulfúrico e também ao se utilizar a lignina em permanganato de potássio. Recomenda-se utilizar os métodos biológicos de avaliação de componentes indigestíveis para se obter resultados mais verossímeis.The potential undegradable fraction of neutral detergent fiber of tropical grasses predicted through the equations adopted by the nutritional systems CNCPS and NRC-2001, were validated. The equation recommended by NRC-2001 was used with (NRCII) or without the empiric correction factor proposed of Detmann et al. (2004). A total of 540 samples were used, obtained from manual grazing simulation and esophageal extrusa, from hays and from tropical grasses submitted to different fertilizing levels and cutting ages, cultivated in Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. The samples were analyzed for dry mater, lignin in sulfuric acid (LAS), lignin in potassium permanganate (LPER), undegradable fraction of neutral detergent fiber (FDNi), the last one was done by rumen in situ incubation of the samples for 240 hours. The data were analyzed by the Pearson’s linear correlation method, while, the comparative evaluation regarding the prediction efficiency among the nutritional models was done through the evaluation and partition of the mean square errors. Among the examined nutritional models, it shown that corrected NRC-2001 presented better results in the simulation, independent of using LAS or LPER. This suggest the fact that gravimetric estimates of lignin levels present in the feed don't allow to predict potentially with accuracy the dimension of the fraction digestible or indigestible of the neutral detergent fiber