Conditional quantum nonlocality in dimeric and trimeric arrays of organic molecules

Arrays of covalently bound organic molecules possess potential for light-harvesting and energy transfer applications due to the strong coherent dipole-dipole coupling between the transition dipole moments of the molecules involved. Here, we show that such molecular systems, based on perylene-molecules, can be considered as arrays of qubits that are amenable for laser-driven quantum coherent control. The perylene monomers exhibit dephasing times longer than four orders of magnitude a typical gating time, thus allowing for the execution of a large number of gate operations on the sub-picosecond timescale. Specifically, we demonstrate quantum logic gates and entanglement in bipartite (dimer) and tripartite (trimer) systems of perylene-based arrays. In dimers, naturally entangled states with a tailored degree of entanglement can be produced. The nonlocality of the molecular trimer entanglement is demonstrated by testing Mermin's (Bell-like) inequality violation.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, comments are welcom

Short- and long- term consequences of developmental saline stress: impacts on anuran respiration and behaviour

Secondary salinization has been identified as a major stressor to amphibians. Exposure to elevated salinity necessitates physiological adjustments and biochemical changes that may be energetically demanding. As such, exposure to non-lethal levels of salinity during development could potentially alter anuran metabolic rates and individual performance in both pre- and post-metamorphic life stages. We investigated the effects of non-lethal levels of salinity on metamorphic traits (time to reach metamorphosis and metamorphic mass), tadpole oxygen consumption, escape response behaviour (pre- and post-metamorphosis) and foraging ability post-metamorphosis in two native Australian frog species, the southern brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii) and the striped marsh frog (Limnodynastes peronii). We found that both Lit. ewingii and Lim. peronii exhibited differences in metamorphic traits in response to elevated salinity. Neither species showed significant change in oxygen consumption during development in response to salinity, relative to freshwater controls. Both species displayed impaired escape response behaviours in response to salinity during larval development, but flow-on effects to adult escape response behaviours and foraging performance were species-specific. Our results show that the influence of stressors during development can have consequences for anuran physiology and behaviour at multiple life stages, and emphasize the need for studies that examine the energetics of anuran responses in order to better understand the responses of biota to stressful environments

Response of the Agile Antechinus to Habitat Edge, Configuration and Condition in Fragmented Forest

Habitat fragmentation and degradation seriously threaten native animal communities. We studied the response of a small marsupial, the agile antechinus Antechinus agilis, to several environmental variables in anthropogenically fragmented Eucalyptus forest in south-east Australia. Agile antechinus were captured more in microhabitats dominated by woody debris than in other microhabitats. Relative abundances of both sexes were positively correlated with fragment core area. Male and female mass-size residuals were smaller in larger fragments. A health status indicator, haemoglobin-haematocrit residuals (HHR), did not vary as a function of any environmental variable in females, but male HHR indicated better health where sites' microhabitats were dominated by shrubs, woody debris and trees other than Eucalyptus. Females were trapped less often in edge than interior fragment habitat and their physiological stress level, indicated by the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood, was higher where fragments had a greater proportion of edge habitat. The latter trend was potentially due to lymphopoenia resulting from stress hormone-mediated leukocyte trafficking. Using multiple indicators of population condition and health status facilitates a comprehensive examination of the effects of anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat fragmentation and degradation, on native vertebrates. Male agile antechinus' health responded negatively to habitat degradation, whilst females responded negatively to the proportion of edge habitat. The health and condition indicators used could be employed to identify conservation strategies that would make habitat fragments less stressful for this or similar native, small mammals

Using Logbook Data to Determine the Immediate Mortality of Blue Sharks (Prionace glauca) and Tiger Sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) Caught in the Commercial U.S. Pelagic Longline Fishery

Commercial fisheries are recognized as one of the greatest threats to shark populations worldwide, but factors affecting the likelihood of shark mortality during fishery capture are poorly understood. We used the U.S. pelagic fishery logbook data from 1992 through 2008 to quantify the effects of several variables (fisheries regulatory periods, geographic zone, target catch, and sea surface temperature) on mortality of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) and tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier). Mortality rates and trends in both species closely matched those recorded from other sources, and therefore indicated that the data on sharks discarded dead and discarded alive in the U.S. pelagic fishery logbook are accurate. The introduction of fisheries management regulations (fin weight to carcass weight ratios in 1993 [to prevent finning] and the prohibition of J-hooks in 2004) presumably decreased the immediate mortality rate of captured blue and tiger sharks (by 8.0% in blue sharks after 2004 and 4.4% in tiger sharks after 1993). Other factors that we examined had a statistically significant effect on mortality, but additional variables should be recorded or made available in logbook data to enable the determination of other causes of mortality. Our results show that the U.S. pelagic fishery logbook data can be used as a powerful tool in future studies of the immediate mortality of longline-caught animals

Salud sexual y reproductiva con enfoque de género en jóvenes adolescentes del colegio Consejo Provincial del Carchi de la ciudad de Tulcán 2013

Analizar la influencia de la educación en salud sexual y reproductiva con enfoque de género en jóvenes adolescentes del Colegio Concejo Provincial.La salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) es un estado general de bienestar físico-mental-social y la sexualidad han dado origen a una reflexión sobre los vínculos entre la construcción social de relaciones de género y comportamientos sexuales. Entender los factores de riesgo sexual o que llevan a Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS), permite intervenirlos para mejorar dicho estado. La investigación realizada es cualitativo de Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas (CAP) con una muestra de 213 estudiantes adolescentes del Colegio Consejo Provincial del Carchi de la ciudad de Tulcán donde sus edades oscilan entre 13 a 18 años, que es la determinada escala de vida donde se forman los valores y decide fortalezas sociales, psicológicas y sexuales, incluso es el momento para definir proyectos de vida. También es una investigación de campo donde fue necesario tomar contacto con la realidad para obtener información veraz de acuerdo a los objetivos del proyecto, identificando factores de riesgo, protectores, violencia y acceso a servicios de información y consejería. Se indago acerca de conocimientos de planificación familiar, métodos anticonceptivos y usos; infecciones de transmisión sexual, inicio de relaciones sexuales y comunicación con los padres acerca de sexualidad. Se revelo conocimientos sobre sexualidad calificados como buenos. El inicio de la vida sexual fue con una edad promedio de 17 años de los cuales han tenido relaciones sexuales de riesgo (sin protección). La comunicación familiar global entre progenitores y adolecentes fue buena en un gran porcentaje. En los adolescentes que no existe una buena comunicación se presenta mayor frecuencia de inicio de relaciones sexuales, además más frecuencia de relaciones sexuales sin protección

An Evaluation of MacArthur's Window of Opportunity: Preserving Affordable Rental Housing Initiative

In this report, we describe the seven strategies by which the MacArthur Foundation sought ambitious changes in the preservation of affordable rental housing. In brief, these strategies were to* support a cadre of large nonprofit owners of affordable rental housing to both preserve rental housing and act as spokespersons for preservation* increase capital for preservation by investing in special-purpose vehicles, such as preservation-themed loan funds* invest in regional interagency partnerships to retain affordable rental housing* develop business practices, tools, and research for or about preservation* provide loans and grants directly to state and local government agencies that themselves fund preservation transactions* promote low-income tenants' rights to remain in and advocate for affordable rental housing* improve the funding, regulatory, and legislative context for preservation through the foundation's combined investments in nonprofit owners, networks of nonprofit owners, special-purpose vehicles, state and local government agencies, and advocates

Editorial: Advances in the Biology and Conservation of Marine Turtles

(First Paragraph) Marine turtles have been the subject of research over many decades, inspired by their unique life history and necessitated by their declining populations from a suite of human impacts including direct harvest, bycatch in marine fisheries, pollution, and climate change. Despite this, much about marine turtle biology has remained a mystery (Godley et al., 2008; Rees et al., 2016; Wildermann et al., 2018), but the rate of scientific discovery is increasing rapidly. As research techniques and conservation practices expand, the marine turtle research community has kept abreast of these developments and their application to marine turtles. In this special Research Topic, researchers submitted articles related to cutting-edge work in biology and conservation. The resulting 10 articles bring new insights across marine turtle movement, conservation, and methodological and analytical techniques, as well as other understudied areas and issues

Asegurando la movilidad en Bucaramanga: control de seguridad vial basado en una aplicación móvil

Introduction: The smart city paradigm is made up of a set of actors who must operate jointly to guarantee road flow. However, sometimes there are accidents, and they affect productive apparatus, cause minor or temporary injuries and sometimes death of the individuals involved. Problem: Events occur for multiple reasons and the authorities have difficulties in implementing controls that minimize their occurrence since they do not have the necessary tools to capture and analyze timely information on the claims that have been presented. Objective: The objective is to increase road safety control and safeguard mobility in Bucaramanga. For this, a mobile application is designed to capture accident data by implementing the Flutter framework and the Model-View design pattern methodology. Controller (MVC). Methodology: The development of software to analyze the large amount of information on road events. A database is developed where said information is stored and processed using programming languages, coding and data hosting. Design and process factors are also considered according to the user’s needs, which will determine the interface and expected performance. Results: A structured system for data capture with the ability to integrate the general community, streamline the availability of information and facilitate decision making that deals with the problem in real time. Conclusion: It is concluded that its implementation in the city fosters self-care for pedestrians and drivers, facilitating the design of effective control measures by territorial entities, bringing the city of Bucaramanga closer to sustainability. Originality: This methodology for integrating events is unique in the country and is developed based on the city’s own characteristics. Limitations: The lack of information provided by the government actors.Introducción: El paradigma de la ciudad inteligente, está conformado por un conjunto de actores que deben operar de manera conjunta para garantizar la fluidez vial, pero en ocasiones se presentan incidentes, que afectan el sistema de movilidad, ocasionando lesiones leves o temporales y en ocasiones muerte de quienes intervienen. Problema: Los incidentes ocurren por múltiples motivos y las autoridades tienen dificultades para implementar controles que minimicen su ocurrencia ya que no cuentan con herramientas suficientes para capturar y analizar información oportuna sobre los reclamos que se han presentado. Objetivo: El objetivo es incrementar el control de la seguridad vial y salvaguardar la movilidad en la ciudad de Bucaramanga y para ello se diseña una aplicación móvil para capturar datos de incidentes mediante la implementación del framework Flutter y la metodología de patrón de diseño Model-View. Controlador (MVC). Metodología: El desarrollo de un software para analizar la gran cantidad de información sobre eventos viales, se desarrolla una base de datos donde se almacena y procesa dicha información utilizando lenguajes de programación, codificación y alojamiento de datos. También se consideran factores de diseño y proceso según las necesidades del usuario, lo que determinará la interfaz y el rendimiento esperado. Resultados: Como resultado se obtuvo un sistema estructurado para la captura de datos con capacidad de integrar a la comunidad en general, agilizar la disponibilidad de información y facilitar la toma de decisiones que atiendan el problema en tiempo real. Conclusión: Se concluye que su implementación en la ciudad de Bucaramanga fomenta el autocuidado de peatones y conductores, facilitando el diseño de medidas de control efectivas por parte de las entidades territoriales, acercando a la ciudad a la sostenibilidad. Originalidad: Esta metodología de integración de eventos es única en el país y se desarrolla en base a las características propias de la ciudad. Limitaciones: La falta de información proporcionada por los actores gubernamentale

SEOM clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA) (2019)

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with a varied geographic distribution and an aggressive behavior. In Spain, it represents the sixth cause of cancer death. In Western countries, the incidence is decreasing slightly, with an increase in gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA), a different entity that we separate specifically in the guideline. Molecular biology advances have been done recently, but do not yet lead to the choice in treatment approach except in advanced disease with overexpression of HER2. Endoscopic resection in very early stage, perioperative chemotherapy in locally advanced tumors and preliminary immune therapy resulting in advanced disease are the main treatment innovations in the GC/GEJA treatment. We describe the different evidences and recommendations following the statements of the American College of Physicians