Assessing the Genotypic Differences for Seed Set and Seed Abortion in Tomato Genotypes

Tomato (_Lycopersicon esculentum_ Mill.) is one of the most popular fruit vegetable around the world. Seed abortion where in only a small proportion of ovules in an ovary develops into matured seeds, is a wide spread phenomenon in multi-ovulated species. In agriculturally important crops such as chickpea, groundnut, Brassica, pigeon pea and field bean seed abortion substantially reduces their productivity. Tomato genotypes exhibited seed abortion where in only some proportion of ovules developed into matured seeds. Seed abortion in tomato cultivars would increase the cost of hybrid seed production. In this study, we have analyzed 19 genotypes for number of ovules, seed set and seed abortion. Tomato genotypes differed significantly for number of ovules per ovary, seed set per fruit and per cent seed abortion. The ovules, matured seeds and seed abortion ranged from 52 to 412 per ovary; 50.90 to 240.76 per fruit and 6.06 to 24.44 per cent respectively. Strong positive correlation was observed in genotypes with higher number of ovules showed higher percentage of seed abortion

Anthelmintic Activity of Trikatu Churna and its Ingredients

The alcoholic extract of Trikatu churna and its ingredients were evaluated for anthelmintic activity. The dried fruits of Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae), Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) and rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. (Zingiberaceae) were powdered and mixed together in equiproportions to get a polyherbal formulation, Trikatu churna. All these three ingredients are spicy, commonly used in our daily diet, also well known for their tremendous therapeutic potential, since from the Vedic period. The alcoholic extract of Trikatu churna and its ingredients were screened for preliminary phytochemical studies and also tested for anthelmintic activity against Pheritima posthuma and recorded the time taken for induction of paralysis and death. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was included as standard reference and distilled water as control. The results demonstrated that, the extracts of Trikatu churna and its plant ingredients showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, lignins and steroids, these test samples were also exhibited potent anthelmintic activity, but the highest activity was noticed in Trikatu churna, this might be due to the multifunctional effect of all the three plant ingredients of Trikatu churna. Based on the above results, it is confirmed that, combination of Piper nigrum, Piper longum and Zingiber officinale in Trikatu churna offered promising anthelmintic effect than using the ingredients alone

Design and Simulation of Micro Strip Patch Antennas

Remote innovation is one of the fundamental territories of research in the realm of correspondence frameworks today and an investigation of correspondence frameworks is deficient without a comprehension of the operation and manufacture of radio wires. This was the principle purpose behind our selecting a venture concentrating on this field. The principal assemble concentrated on the manufacture and testing of an opened waveguide omnidirectional recieving wire and a biquad directional radio wire. The second gathering concentrated on the plan and reenactment of fix reception apparatuses (which are generally utilized as a part of cellphones today) with an accentuation on enhancement of a 1.9GHz rectangular probefed fix radio wire. A double band recieving wire and a microstrip encouraged patchantenna, utilized as a part of the correspondence lab were likewise reproduced

Using Support Vector Machine For Classification And Feature Extraction Of Spam In Email

We provide an overview of recent and successful content-based e-mail spam filtering algorithms in this article. Our main focus is on spam filters based on machine learning and variants influenced by them. We report on significant ideas, methodologies, key endeavors, and the field's current state-of-the-art. The initial interpretation of previous work demonstrates the fundamentals of spam filtering and feature engineering in e-mail. We finish by looking at approaches, procedures, and evaluation standards, as well as exploring intriguing offshoots of recent breakthroughs and proposing directions of future research

Customer retention through customer satisfaction In relation to Pioneer Honda, Ongole.

The phrase "customer satisfaction" is commonly used in marketing. It evaluates how well a company's goods and services meet or surpass those of its clients. "The number of customers, or percentage of total customers, whose reported experience with a firm, its products, or its services (ratings) exceeds specified satisfaction goals." Customer satisfaction (abbreviated CSAT) is a marketing term that is frequently used. It is a measure of how well a company's products and services meet or exceed customer expectations. "The number of customers, or percentage of total customers, whose reported experience with a firm, its products, or its services (ratings) exceeds specified satisfaction goals." As part of its ongoing Common Language in Marketing Project, the Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB) endorses the definitions, purposes, and constructs of classes of measures found in Marketing Metrics. In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing executives, 71% said a customer satisfaction metric was very useful in managing and monitoring their businesses

Performance Enhancement of MIMO MC-CDMA System employing Cylically Rotated Complete Complementary Codes

Wireless communication needs very high data rate and throughput in order to meet increasing demand for multimedia applications. MC-CDMA technique along with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique is used to increase data rate and to reduce the channel impairments. Spreading code plays a major role in CDMA technique, Cyclically rotated complete complementary codes (CRCCCs) are used for spreading which have perfect auto-correlation and cross correlation properties. Bit error rate (BER) can be reduced and have other advantages like high data rate, high throughput, reduced inter symbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI). MIMO MC-CDMA system employing CRCCCs is designed and simulation results are shown. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150614

Magnetic resonance evaluation of intra dural spinal tumors with histopathology correlation

Background: Tumors of the spinal cord or canal constitute approximately 15% to 20% of central nervous system tumors. The differential diagnosis of spinal neoplasms is primarily based on location of the lesion relative to the spinal cord and the age, sex and clinical presentation. The aim and objective of the study was to determine the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing intra spinal tumors and to correlate findings on MRI with histopathological diagnosis.Methods: This is a retrospective study. The study group included all the patients who presented to our hospital with progressive sensory or motor deficits, para or quadriperesis with or without bladder/bowel Involvement. Only patients with Intra dural lesions such as intradural extra medullary and Intra medullary lesions were included in the study. All the extra dural lesion cases such as vertebral tumors, degenerative/osteoporotic compressions and Trauma related cord compressions were excluded from the study.Results: Of the forty intradural tumors, 28 were extramedullary and 12 were intramedullary. Most of the tumors were located in the cervical and the dorsolumbar spine accounting for more than 50%. The most common tumor encountered in our study was schwannoma (22/40), followed by ependymoma (7/40), meningioma (4/40), astrocytoma (4/40), one each of Hemangioblastoma, Neuroentericcyst and Dermoid cyst. Ependymomas, Astrocytomas and hemangioblastoma were intramedullary lesions and the remaining lesions constituted Intra Dural extra medullary lesions.Conclusions: MRI was found to be a highly sensitive imaging procedure and the method of choice for intradural tumor evaluation and to differentiate extra medullary from Intra medullary lesions. It is not sensitive enough to differentiate the Intra medullary tumors. Nevertheless, definite diagnosis could be made by histopathology only.

Effect of chemicals treatment and fiber loading on mechanical properties of borassus (Toddy palm) fiber/epoxy composites

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the mechanical properties of untreated and chemically modified Borassus fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Composites were prepared by hand lay-up process by reinforcing Borassus fibers with epoxy matrix. To improve the fiber-matrix adhesion properties, alkali (NaOH), and alkali combined with silane (3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane) treatments on the fibers surface were carried out. Examinations through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to investigate the structural and physical properties of the Borassus fibers. Tensile properties such as modulus and strength of the composites made by chemically modified and untreated Borassus fibers were studied using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Based on the experimental results, it was found that the tensile properties of the Borassus reinforced epoxy composites were significantly improved, as compared with the neat epoxy. It was also found that the fiber treated with combination of alkali and silane exhibited superior mechanical properties as compared with alkali and untreated fiber composites. The nature of fiber/matrix interface was examined through SEM of cryo-fractured samples. Chemical resistance of composites was also found to be improved with chemically modified fiber composites

A Novel Approach to Guard from Adversarial Attacks using Stable Diffusion

Recent developments in adversarial machine learning have highlighted the importance of building robust AI systems to protect against increasingly sophisticated attacks. While frameworks like AI Guardian are designed to defend against these threats, they often rely on assumptions that can limit their effectiveness. For example, they may assume attacks only come from one direction or include adversarial images in their training data. Our proposal suggests a different approach to the AI Guardian framework. Instead of including adversarial examples in the training process, we propose training the AI system without them. This aims to create a system that is inherently resilient to a wider range of attacks. Our method focuses on a dynamic defense strategy using stable diffusion that learns continuously and models threats comprehensively. We believe this approach can lead to a more generalized and robust defense against adversarial attacks. In this paper, we outline our proposed approach, including the theoretical basis, experimental design, and expected impact on improving AI security against adversarial threats