Pulsatile flow of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid in a vertical channel with entropy generation

This study examines the hydrodynamic pulsatile flow of Jeffrey hybrid (Au+Al2O3/Blood) nanofluid in a vertical channel with entropy production. The literature shows that the investigations are only related to the pulsating flow of nanofluid. Any study related to the pulsating flow of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid in a vertical channel with Joule heating, thermal radiation, and heat source/sink did not report so far. The novelty of the present work is the investigation of entropy generation on pulsatile flow of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid with Joule heating, thermal radiation and heat source/sink effects in a vertical channel. The transformation of the governing partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations are made by applying the perturbation method and then numerically solved by fourth-order Runge-Kutta method aided by bvp4c shooting technique built-in MATLAB software. This work is useful for chemical engineering, blood cancer treatment, nanodrug delivery, pharmaceutical process, and biomedical aspects.The effects of various emerging parameters and variables on velocity, temperature, entropy generation, and the Bejan number are displayed through graphs. The consequences of physical parameters on heat transfer rate are prearranged in a table. This analysis demonstrates that the temperature of hybrid nanofluid increases with an increment in radiation parameter, and Eckert number. The entropy generation is an increasing function of Eckert number and radiation parameter whereas it decelerates with a rise in Hartmann number. The heat transfer rate has a higher impact in the case of (Au+Al2O3/Blood) hybrid nanofluid as compare to mono nanofluid

Influences of Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux, Joule Heating, Viscous Dissipation and Chemical Reaction on Hydromagnetic Pulsating Flow of Oldroyd-B Nanofluid in a Porous Channel

437-448In this present study, Cattaneo-Christov heat flux on the hydromagnetic pulsatile flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid through a porous channel with the presence of Brownian motion, thermal radiation, and thermophoresis effects are studied. The effects of dissipation of viscous and Ohmic heating are considered. The Buongiorno model is taken into account in this analysis. By using the perturbation method the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved numerically by employing the Runge-Kutta 4th-order scheme along with shooting approach. The influence of distinct parameters on velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, heat and mass transfer rates are examined in detail. The results indicate that nanofluid velocity increases with higher frequency parameter, and while it falls with rising Hartmann number, and cross-flow Reynolds number. An increase in thermophoresis parameter, Eckert number, radiation parameter, Brownian motion parameter leads to a rise in temperature whereas temperature decreases for increasing Hartmann number and thermal relaxation time parameter. Moreover, the nanoparticle concentration enhances with an increasing thermophoresis parameter, thermal relaxation time parameter while it falls with the rising values of Lewis number, chemical reaction parameter and Brownian motion parameter

Equity Must Accompany Economic Growth for Good Health

K. Srinath Reddy discusses a new research study by S. V. Subramanian and colleagues that found no strong evidence of recent economic growth in India being associated with a reduction in child undernutrition

Impacts of Brownian Motion, Thermophoresis and Ohmic Heating on Chemically Reactive Pulsatile MHD Flow of Couple Stress Nanofluid in a Channel

354-366In this study, the magnetohydrodynamic pulsatile flow of a couple stress nanofluid in a channel has been discussed in detail by adopting Buongiorno’s nanofluid model. The impacts of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Ohmic heating, viscous dissipation and chemical reaction on heat, and mass transfer of blood based nanofluid are considered. The current concept is significant in the field of nano-drug supply, dynamics of physiological fluids, and biomedicines. The governing partial differential equations are converted into a set of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) by employing a perturbation scheme. The resulting non-dimensional system is numerically interpreted to determine the impact of various emerging parameters on flow variables by utilizing the shooting technique with the support of the Runge-Kutta procedure. The outcomes reveal that the temperature rises with the magnifying viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis parameters, whereas the opposite trend can be seen with an escalation in the couple stress parameter. Heat transfer rate is an accelerating function of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters while it is a decelerating function of couple stress parameter and Hartmann number. Mass transfer rate declines with increasing values of thermophoresis parameter and Lewis number

Frequency of mixed infection of Tobacco streak virus and Peanut bud necrosis virus in groundnut

Bud necrosis disease (BND) first recognized in 1968, caused by the Peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV; Tospovirus) is an important constraint to groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in Southeast Asia, including India. BND symptoms on groundnut include mosaic mottling symptoms on leaves, drooping of petioles followed by terminal bud necrosis. Early infection causes stunting and proliferation of axillary shoots. In 2000, a sever epidemic of BND-like disease was observed in groundnut crop............

Farmer participatory varietal selection in groundnut – A success story in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Farmer participatory varietal selection trials in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India identified ICGV 91114 as the most productive groundnut cultivar. This cultivar was adopted for large-scale production, giving higher pod and haulm yields and comparable shelling outturn compared with the control cultivar TMV 2

Development and Application of an Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay for Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk-Based Confectionery

High-titer rabbit polyclonal antibodies to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) were produced by utilizing AFM1- bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate as an immunogen. An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was standardized for estimating AFM1 in milk and milk products. To avoid the influence of interfering substances present in the milk samples, it was necessary to prepare AFM1 standards in methanol extracts of certified reference material (CRM) not containing detectable AFM1 (<0.05 ng/g). The reliability of the procedure was assessed by using CRM with AFM1 concentrations of <0.5 and 0.76 ng/g. Also, assays of milk samples mixed with AFM1 ranging in concentration between 0.5 and 50 ng/L gave recoveries of >93%. The relative cross-reactivity with aflatoxins (AF) and ochratoxin A, assessed as the amount of AFM1 necessary to cause 50% inhibition of binding, was 5% for AFB1 and much less for AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2; there was no reaction with ochratoxin A. AFM1 contamination was measured in retail milk and milk products collected from rural and periurban areas in Andhra Pradesh, India. Of 280 milk samples tested, 146 were found to contain <0.5 ng/mL of AFM1; in 80 samples it varied from 0.6 to 15 ng/mL, in 42 samples from 16 to 30 ng/mL, and in 12 samples from 31 to 48 ng/mL. Most of the milk samples that contained high AFM1 concentrations were obtained from periurban locations. The results revealed a significant exposure of humans to AFM1 levels in India and thus highlight the need for awareness of risk among milk producers and consumers

A study on entropy generation of hydromagnetic oscillating flow of a diamondethylene glycol+water based couple stress nanofluid in a vertical channel in the presence of Joule heating and thermal radiation

848-862The current work communicates the entropy generation analysis of oscillating flow of magnetohydrodynamic couple stress nanofluid in a vertical channel. The main objective of present study is to examine the entropy analysis of a magnetohydrodynamic couple stress nanofluid. In this study, water and ethylene glycol (50:50) and diamond are used as the base fluid and nanoparticles, respectively. The effects of radiative heat, Ohmic, and viscous dissipation are all considered. By employing the perturbation process, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into the set of ordinary differential equations, which are then deciphered by implementing the Runge-Kutta fourth-order scheme with shooting technique. The obtained outcomes reveal that, amplifying viscous dissipation promising the temperature whereas the reverse is true for the influence of couple stress viscosity and Hartmann number. Heat transfer rate is decelerating with the boost up in Hartmann number at the walls while it is accelerating with the increment in viscous dissipation at the right wall. Entropy is escalating for intensifying viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation whereas the reverse is true for the impression of couple stress viscosity, and volume fraction of nanoparticles. Bejan number is falling for escalating volume fraction of nanoparticles, and viscous dissipation while it is enhancing with escalation in couple stress parameter