Participatory Process for Implementing a Colorectal Cancer Screening Intervention: an Action Plan for Local Sustainability

Background: Rigid protocols can hamper translation of evidence-based interventions from research to real-world settings. This investigation aimed to develop procedures for modifying the study protocol of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project and to analyze the theoretical constructs that underlie this process. Methods: The research project is a dissemination and implementation study of the Educational Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening (EPICS), an evidence-based intervention targeting African Americans in the United States. The study is being conducted in a partnership with community coalitions in 15 different cities. Each site initially presented unique issues that required modification of the study protocol. Results: In order to honor underlying CBPR theory, it was necessary to negotiate protocol changes with the community coalition at each site, while insuring preservation of the core elements of the intervention. Conclusions: We discuss the ways in which this represents a narrowing of the gap between CBPR and traditional research approaches

ROTATIONALLY RESOLVED PHOTODISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE Ca+Ca^{+} -NN COMPLEX

Author Institution: Department of Chemisty, University of GeorgiaMass selected resonance enhanced photodissociation spectroscopy is utilized to rotationally resolve the $(2,0,0) \leftarrow (0,0,0)$ vibronic member of the ${^{2}} \Pi \leftarrow X \ {^{2}} \Sigma$ electronic transition in $Ca^{+}-NN$. The $Ca^{+} -NN$ molecule is formed in a pulsed nozzle/laser vaporization cluster source, and rotationally resolved spectra are recorded by monitoring the $Ca^{+}$ channel as a function of photodissociation laser wavelength. Spectra are recorded for the molecules $Ca^{+}-{^{14}}N{^{14}}N$ and $Ca^{+}-{^{15}}N{^{15}}N$ allowing for determination of both the $Ca^{+}N$ and N-N bond Lengths in the complex. Preliminary results indicate that the and bond length is approximately 2.74 {\AA} in the ground state and 2.48 {\AA} in the excited state, while the N-N bond length remains approximately that of free nitrogen

PHOTODISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY OF Ca+Ca^{+} -RARE GAS COMPLEXES

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of GeorgiaWeakly bound complexes of the form $Ca^{+}$ -RG (RG = Ar, Kr, Xe) are prepared in a pulsed nozzle/laser vaporization cluster source and studied with mass-selected resonance enhanced photodissociation spectroscopy. The $Ca^{+}$ ($^{2}P\leftarrow ^{2}S$) atomic resonance line is the chromophore giving rise to the molecular spectra in these complexes. Vibrationally resolved spectra are measured for these complexes in the corresponding $^{2}\Pi\leftarrow X^{2}\Sigma^{+}$ molecular electronic transition. These spectra are red-shifted from the atomic resonance line, indicating that each complex is more strongly bound in its excited $^{2}\Pi$ state than it is in the ground state. Vibronic progressions allow determination of the excited state vibrational constants: $Ca^{+}$ -Ar, $\omega_{e}^{\prime} = 165$ $cm^{-1}$; $Ca^{+}$ -Kr, $\omega_{e} = 149$ $cm^{-1}$; $Ca^{+}$ -Xe, $\omega_{e}=142$ $cm^{-1}$. Extrapolation of the excited state vibrational progressions, and combination with the known atomic asymptotes and spectral shifts, leads to determination of the ground state dissociation energies; $Ca^{+}$ -Ar, $D_{0}^{\prime\prime} = 700\pm 100$ $cm^{-1}$ (0.09eV); $Ca^{+}$ -Kr, $D_{0}^{\prime\prime} = 1400\pm 150$ $cm^{-1}$ (0.17eV); $Ca^{+}$ -Xe, $D_{0}^{\prime\prime} = 2300\pm 150$ $cm^{-1}$ (0.29 eV). The spin-orbit splitting in the $^{2}\Pi_{1/2,3/2}$ state for these complexes is larger than expected by comparison to the $Ca^{+}$ atomic value

VIBRATIONALLY RESOLVED PHOTODISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE Ca+Ca^{+} -NN COMPLEX

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of GeorgiaThe electronic spectrum for the ion-molecule complex $Ca^{+}-N_{2}$ is observed using resonance enhanced photodissociation spectroscopy. The clusters are formed in a laser ablation/supersonic expansion source. The parent ions is mass selected, photodissociated on resonance and the $Ca^{+}$ product ion is monitored as a function of wavelength via time of flight mass The observed vibrational features are assigned to the ${^{2}} \Pi_{1/2} \leftarrow \ {^{2}} \Sigma$ and ${^{2}} \Pi_{3/2} \leftarrow \ {^{2}} \Sigma$ transitions with a progression in the Ca-N stretching mode. A second progression is observed and is assigned to combinations of the $N_{2} v= l \leftarrow 0$ stretch. The observed spectroscopic constants are: ${^{2}} \Pi_{1/2} \leftarrow {^{2}} \Sigma (v_{2}^{1}, 0,0) [T_{0}=20531 cm^{-1}, \omega_{e}=276.6 cm^{-1}, D_{0}=6390 cm^{-1}]$ and ${^{2}} \Pi_{3/2} \leftarrow {^{2}} \Sigma(v^{1}, 0,0) [T_{0}=20657 cm^{-1}, \omega_{e}=282.0 cm^{-1}, D_{0}=5560 cm^{-1}]$; and ${^{2}} \Pi_{1/2} \leftarrow {^{2}} \Sigma (v^{1}, 0,1) [T_{0}=23018 cm^{-1}, \omega_{e}=274.5 cm^{-1}, D_{0}=6440 cm^{-1}];$ and ${^{2}} \Pi_{3/2} \leftarrow {^{2}} \Sigma(v^{+}, 0,1) [T_{0}=23147 cm^{-1}, \omega_{e}=282.1 cm^{-1}, D_{0}=5330 cm^{-1}]$. The dissociation constant is determined to be: $D_{0}=1726.5cm^{-1}$