Juristocracy before, during, and after COVID-19 in Hybrid Regimes: Evidence from Pakistan

The Asian Yearbook of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law aims to publish peer-reviewed scholarly articles and reviews as well as significant developments in human rights and humanitarian law. It examines international human rights and humanitarian law with a global reach, though its particular focus is on the Asian region. Volume 7 of the Yearbook covers a wide range of topics, which have been organized along four central themes: Human Rights Protection and Erosion during the (Post-) COVID-19 Pandemic; Economic, Social and Environmental Rights Contestation and Evolution; Human Rights Protection of Vulnerable Persons; and Human Rights and Democratic Values under Threat.</p

Socio-Religious and Legal Perspectives on Women Health in Pakistan

This paper focuses on the sexual health of women and their counteractive action practices against cancer. Steady with acknowledged definitions, inside the extent of this exploration, women's sexual well-being envelops regenerative wellbeing and fruitfulness and the physical, mental, enthusiastic what's more, cultural and social betterment identified with sexuality during a life of an individual. Albeit sexual wellbeing is a phenomenon which is extremely personal to an individual, it is basically impacted by different factors including the personality of an individual, kind of family to which individuals belong, group of friends and peers in which individuals live, and the state laws to which individuals are subjected. These factors are beyond individuals’ control. Other than physical, mental and subjective markers, sexual wellbeing is influenced by political and monetary variables, standards, parts, social qualities, and religious convictions. This article, reflecting on the sexual health of women, presents information generally from creating nations. Also, it provides a circumstantial examination of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and an understanding of contraceptives’ uses in Pakistan. Further, this paper reflects upon on socio-religious context of Pakistan that affects data on sexual wellbeing. This paper's important contribution is to provide a survey of the integrative model of conduct expectation (Fishbein, 2000) and provide socio-religious and legal perspectives on women sexual health

The Socio-Economic Effect of Remittances on Left behind Families in District Chitral

The study was initiated to measure the utilization of remittances on productive and nonproductive purposes in the hilly area of district Chitral. Three villages were purposively selected for analysis, and 150 respondents were selected randomly for face-to-face interview. The utilization was measured using t-test and percentage changes. The main indicators used in the research were education, income and expenditure. It was found that the remittances have a positive impact on the families left behind by the migrants. Thus overall, the results showed a positive effect on the socio-economic wellbeing of the respondents. &nbsp

Interplay of Two Socio-Political Movements: Khudai Khidmatgar Movement and Independence Movement

Khudai Khidmatgar Movement was an important historical movement which mobilized the polity in a bottom-up direction to awaken the people living in the then North Western Province and today's province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a transformational and charismatic leader. He educated common people about non-violence as a tool for organization and accomplishment of designed objectives. The essence of whole movement was rooted in the religion Islam which is interesting against the background of inspiration drawn by Pushtuns nationalists for the legitimacy of their narratives. This work throws new light on historical legacy of Khudai Khidmatgar Movement led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan from a leadership perspective through historical comparative method. A new insight will be made to dig out various methods adopted by the leadership of the movement to gain the legitimacy of the movement and which had roots in religious text

Judicial Activism and Its Implications for Good Governance: A Case for Judicial Reforms in Pakistan

Judicial activism plays an important role in shaping various countries' political contexts with different political systems and regime types. Academic literature and debates are divided among various groups in favour and against judicial activism. This work reviews range of available data to probe case of judicial activism in Pakistan from 2005 to 2013. Judicial activism in Pakistan seemed to be short-lived and selective in nature. The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) exercised activism without limits in cases against representative parliamentarians who were already constrained in many matters by other unconstitutional powers. No doubt, it reviewed various malpractices of the executive in the domain of public policy and governance, which enhanced its legitimacy and popularity. A vibrant media further contributed to the Court's popularity. But the transgression of institutional boundaries by the apex court for 'pious' objectives failed to introduce judicial reforms and eradication of corruption in the lower judiciary. Selectivity in the SCP activism was visible in its limitation to implement some of its verdicts against ex-military officers. This paper discusses these contradictions within the activism by the higher judiciary in Pakistan, and suggests various recommendations in the latter part of the paper

A QUALITATIVE INSIGHT INTO THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: Nauman Reayat, Dr. Anwar Ul Mujahid Shah, Dr. Mohammad Daud Ali

Objectives: To identify the various features and problems of the health care system of Pakistan and reflect on the health issues of women. Study Design: Historical comparative study Methodology: Qualitative methodology has been employed. The approach to reach findings in this research is historical interpretative. Primary documents such as government reports and reports of the international organization have been analyzed through the research technique of textual analysis. &nbsp;Results: The health care system of Pakistan comprises of various tiers from the level of the village through Tehsil to District. Various policies about health have been formulated and introduced by the Government of Pakistan, from time to time but most of these policies didn’t meet conclusive and practical shape. Moreover, there are various problems with the health care system such as absence or shortcoming of adequate expert force, provision of quality medicine, and above all less spending on the health sector by the government. As far as the health issues of women are concerned, women are suffering from multiple diverse and sophisticated diseases. Issues related to reproduction and pregnancies are common. There are cultural constraints as well which impedes women’s access to primary and secondary health care. Conclusions: The Healthcare system of Pakistan is devoid of the latest technology and expectations of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). For the reform of the health sector in Pakistan, it is concluded that the health sector requires enhanced spending on a budgetary level of government. Special attention, on the part of government and society, is required for uplift of women’s health and elimination of health problems. In this regard awareness programs for the males of society need to be launched so that women should not have accessibility to health facilities issues anymor

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNEMPLOYMENT, POVERTY AND CRIME: AN EMPIRICAL CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF PESHAWAR, KHYBERPAKHTUNKHWA: Dr. Anwar Ul Mujahid Shah, Mr. Nauman Reayat, Syed Arshad Ali Shah

The current research studies the impact of crime on unemployment and poverty in Peshawar. The survey was carried out in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and a crosssectional method was used, and a total of 190 respondents were interviewed through an organized questioner. The main dependent variable was crime while the independent variable education, unemployment, and poverty. Structural equation modeling was employed, and as a tool, Smart Pls and SPSS were employed for analysis. Results show that unemployment and poverty had a positive impact on crime. The study followed a descriptive method rationally using a survey questionnaire for data collection. In total, a sample number of 116 responses is valid applied led to a conclusion. These individuals are easily tempted into criminal activities largely due to their low-slung socio-economic background. Furthermore, the study recommended a holistic adult empowerment programs be supported by government stakeholders as well as non-government to alleviate unemployment and poverty. Resultantly, boost up the adolescent concentration, directing towards better and rewarding activities; more strategically smart yout

THE SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION: THE CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL RECONCILIATION ORDINANCE: Nauman Reayat, Dr. Anwar Ul Mujahid Shah, Dr.Muhammad Kaleem, Syed Arshad Ali Shah

The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) is one of the pillars of the Government of Pakistan, which is not only a player in the game of governance, but also has the capacity to rewrite the rules of the game in favor of institutionalization. Various organizations of the state started organizing themselves around rules and hence gave rise to an institutionalized form of constitutional governance. In case of NRO, SCP upheld supremacy of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973, independent of political considerations. It’s emphasis on the constitution has driven the process of governance in the country in the direction of institutionalization. This research aims to discover the institutional role of Supreme Court of Pakistan in good governance through its verdict(s) on National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO). The way in which stability, coherence, adaptability, and autonomy have been achieved by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in the said case will be traced and analyzed