Zeichen des Wandels

„Die Sprache ist die Kleidung der Gedanken.” (Samuel Johnson) Sprache trägt quasi vorhandene oder sich entwickelnde Einstellungen und Denkweisen nach außen. Aus der Beobachtung der ihr inhärenten Veränderungen können so Wandlungen, die im Denken stattgefunden haben, mit erkannt werden. In den vergangenen Dekaden haben sich im Bereich der Heilpädagogik starke Veränderungen vollzogen, die als ein Zusammenspiel von anthropologischen, gesellschaftlichen, fachtheoretischen, institutionell - organisatorischen und emanzipatorischen Entwicklungssträngen gesehen werden können. Diese großen, „makroskopischen“ Veränderungen sollen durch die Untersuchung textlicher, „mikroskopischer“ Entwicklungen sichtbar gemacht werden. Speziell geht es hierbei um Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung im institutionellen Kontext. Texte der Zeitschrift des Evangelischen Diakoniewerks Gallneukirchen aus den Jahren 1949 - 2008, die sich mit Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung auseinandersetzen, werden analysiert und miteinander verglichen. Methodisch wurde entsprechend der qualitativ - heuristischen Textanalyse vorgegangen, die nicht von vorgefassten Forschungsfragen, sondern nur von Forschungsintentionen ausgeht. Die daraus resultierenden Schlüsselfragen sind im Verlauf der Anwendung dieses textanalytischen Verfahrens entstanden und bilden die Grundlage der Textbearbeitung: Wie werden Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung benannt? Mit welchen Eigenschaften werden sie in Verbindung gebracht? Welche Tätigkeiten / Aktivitäten von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung werden erwähnt? Zeichen des Wandels in Sprache und Inhalt werden so mit den Veränderungen im Feld der Heilpädagogik in Verbindung gesetzt. In Textveränderungen werden demnach nicht nur Fakten der Umgestaltung und der Bewußtseinsänderung gesehen, sondern auch entsprechende Entwicklungsrichtungen herausgearbeitet. Anhand der Analyse soll ein sprachlich aufgefächerter Blick auf ein sich in Bewegung und Entwicklung befindendes Fach gerichtet werden.„Language is the apparel of thought“ (Samuel Johnson) Language conveys existing attitudes and developing mindsets from under the surface to the outside. By following language based changes modifications of thougts can be identified. During the last decades a lot of developments have been taking place in the field of special needs education. They were determined by the interaction of different factors including anthropological, sociological, topical, intstitutional, organisational and emancipatory processes. Those „major“ scientific changes shall also become visible by showing the „small“ textual changes. This thesis deals especially with mentally disabled people in institutional surroundings. Articles in the magazine of the „Evangelische Diakoniewerk Gallneukirchen“ from 1949 to 2008 are compared as far as language and inherent attitudes are concerned. The instrument of text analysis is the qualitative - heuristic method by Gerhard Kleining in which research questions are developed during the process of researching. In this work the main questions are: How are mentally disabled people referred to? Which characteristics are they associated with? Which actions and activities of mentally disabled people are mentioned? Changes in both language and special needs education are documented and tendencies of development in text and this branch of science are shown

Search for CP-violating Neutrino Non-Standard Interactions with the NOvA Experiment

This Letter reports a search for charge-parity (CP) symmetry violating non-standard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter using the NOvA Experiment, and examines their effects on the determination of the standard oscillation parameters. Data from $\nu_{\mu}(\bar{\nu}_{\mu})\rightarrow\nu_{\mu}(\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\nu_{\mu}(\bar{\nu}_{\mu})\rightarrow\nu_{e}(\bar{\nu}_{e})$ oscillation channels are used to measure the effect of the NSI parameters $\varepsilon_{e\mu}$ and $\varepsilon_{e\tau}$. With 90% C.L. the magnitudes of the NSI couplings are constrained to be $|\varepsilon_{e\mu}| \, \lesssim 0.3$ and $|\varepsilon_{e\tau}| \, \lesssim 0.4$. A degeneracy at $|\varepsilon_{e\tau}| \, \approx 1.8$ is reported, and we observe that the presence of NSI limits sensitivity to the standard CP phase $\delta_{\tiny\text{CP}}$

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Holocene Britain: a review of the evidence

1. The brown bear, Ursus arctos, was Holocene Britain’s largest carnivoran and has appeared in recent rewilding discussions. 2. Despite widespread interest, we know very little about the species in Holocene Britain as few studies have been undertaken. This paper draws together information on the brown bear to examine the presence and extinction of bears through examination of the archaeological and palaeontological evidence. 3. Data were collected from published literature and museum catalogues. Information on the chronological date of the sites, number of specimens, and the body parts present were particularly sought. 4. A total of 86 sites were identified, 57 are well dated, 27 are of uncertain date but likely to be Holocene, and two have uncertain identifications. Very few specimens from non-archaeological sites (i.e. fens and caves) are well-dated, skewing the data towards anthropogenic sites such as settlements, castles, and graves. 5. Analysis of body part representation shows that the bear bones found in the Bronze Age, Iron Age and most of the early medieval period are from skins. All body parts are present during the Romano-British, medieval, and post-medieval period, indicating that live bears were present, and were probably imported for entertainment. 6. It seems the brown bear was rare throughout the Holocene, and based on current evidence two extinction scenarios can be put forward: extinction in the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age, or extinction in the early medieval period

The Italian London of John North: Cultural contact and linguistic encounter in early modern England

This article takes as its subject the remarkable diary kept by a young English gentleman named John North from 1575 to 1579. On his journey home from Italy in 1575 -77, North changed the language of his diary from English to Italian. On his return to London, he continued to keep a record of his everyday life in Italian. This article uses North's diary as a starting point from which to reconstruct the social and sensory worlds of a returned traveler and Italianate gentleman. In doing so, it offers a way of bridging the gap between individual experiences and personal networks on the one hand, and the wider processes of cultural encounter and linguistic contact on the other