The ACA Advocacy Competencies: A Social Justice Advocacy Framework for Professional School Counselors

The recent endorsement of the advocacy competencies by the American Counseling Association signals their relevance to the school counseling profession. This article outlines the importance of being a social change agent, the value of advocacy in K-12 schools, and how school counselors can use the advocacy competencies as a framework for promoting access and equity for all students. Implications for professional school counselors and school counselor educators in using the advocacy competencies are also addressed

Social justice counseling : A study of social justice counselor training in CACREP-accredited counselor preparation programs

There is a growing movement within the counseling profession calling on counselors to integrate a social justice perspective into counseling theories, paradigms, and practices. However, there are no empirical studies illustrating how counselor preparation programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) are preparing master’s level counseling students for social justice. This is concerning given that social justice is considered critical to being an effective practitioner. The purpose of this dissertation study is to ascertain whether CACREP-accredited counselor preparation programs are adequately preparing counseling students for social justice counseling. Accordingly, the Social Justice Counseling (SJC) survey, developed by this researcher, was distributed to instructors (N = 192) who teach “Social and Cultural Diversity” designated courses in CACREP-accredited counseling programs. The SJC Survey was reviewed for content, construct, and face validity and piloted. The Dillman (2000) mail survey method was utilized to distribute the SJC surveys. A total of 108 SJC surveys were returned completed for a response rate of 56%. Findings indicated 97% of respondents incorporated social justice principles into “Social and Cultural Diversity” designated CACREP counseling courses. Social justice principles were also introduced to varying degrees by respondents. Parametric statistics (i.e., t-test, ANOVA, and Fisher’s LSD) were also employed. These tests indicate certain target (oppressed) and dominant (oppressor) group identities influence the degree to which issues of oppression are addressed. To illustrate, females focus on classism, ableism, and ageism more than males. In addition, faculty of color tend to address issues of sexism more than White faculty. Non-Christians were more likely to focus on heterosexism than Christians. Significant differences also existed for faculty rank and tenure status with respect to the degree to which issues of racism are addressed. In conclusion, social justice advocacy efforts appear focused on microlevel interventions and less on macrolevel interventions. Textbooks and course titles tend to center on multicultural awareness, knowledge, and skills. Recommendations are made to develop social justice counseling competencies, to institutionalize social justice into counselor training, to equally address social justice at the microlevel and macrolevel, and to create social justice counseling textbooks and courses

Social Justice Counseling and Advocacy: Developing New Leadership Roles and Competencies

The fusion of scholarship and activism represents an opportunity to reflect on ways in which counselors and psychologists can begin to address the multilevel context faced by clients and client communities. Counselors and psychologists have embraced, and sometimes resisted, the wide range of roles including that of advocate and activist. This article reflects on a process that engaged workshop participants in examining the American Counseling Association Advocacy Competencies and exploring the possibilities of advocacy on behalf of their own clients. Further, the article presents recommendations for actions developed by participants through application of workshop principles regarding social action in the larger public arena. The workshop was a part of the National Multicultural and Social Justice Leadership Academy in 2010

Using profanity and negative sentiments: An analysis of ultimate fighting championship fighters’ trash talk on fans’ social media engagement and viewership habits

The rise in popularity of combat sports has afforded fighters an enhanced celebrity status, especially across online platforms that provide fans the opportunity to engage with and discuss their favorite athletes. Given this growth, fighters’ behaviors, both inside and outside of the arena, can have a strong influence on fans’ consumption and social media activity. To evaluate this relationship, this study investigated the effect of combat sports fighters’ trash talking on subsequent fans’ behaviors by collecting and analyzing 516 fighter responses during prefight press conferences and 32,360 fan tweets on Twitter during Ultimate Fighting Championship events. Results demonstrated that fights featuring polarizing and popular athletes generated the highest pay-per-view numbers, and higher levels of profanity speech during trash talking were associated with higher engagement in pay-per-view consumption and Twitter usage.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Diferences and cultural identities in the school geographic space: (re)thinking the formation of teacher of geography

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa de doutorado em andamento sobre diferença e identidade cultural na formação inicial e continuada de professores(as) de Geografia, mais especificamente as questões etnicorraciais e regionais. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico e de campo, realizado no município de Redenção, PA/Brasil, com o seguinte itinerário metodológico: levantamento do acervo de artigos, dissertações e teses em bancos de dados eletrônicos, como periódicos científicos, sites de programas de pós-graduação em Geografia e a Plataforma Sucupira/Capes. Livros complementaram as fontes. A sistematização das visões dos(as) autores(as) resultou num mapa conceitual que evidencia a necessidade de maior atenção da Geografia para com a identidade e a diferença no espaço escolar. This article presents a doctoral research in progress about difference and cultural identity in initial and continuing training of teachers of Geography, specifically the etnicorraciais and regional issues. This is a bibliographic study and field held in municipality of Redenção, PA/Brazil, with the following itinerary: survey of methodological articles, dissertations and theses in electronic databases, such as scientific journals, websites of graduate programs in geography and platform Sucupira/Capes. Books complemented the sources. The systematization of the visions of the authors resulted in a concept map that shows the need for greater attention to Geography with the identity and difference in the school space.

Effects of temperature-dependent viscosity variation on entropy generation, heat and fluid flow through a porous-saturated duct of rectangular cross-section

Effect of temperature-dependent viscosity on fully developed forced convection in a duct of rectangular cross-section occupied by a fluid-saturated porous medium is investigated analytically. The Darcy flow model is applied and the viscosity-temperature relation is assumed to be an inverse-linear one. The case of uniform heat flux on the walls, i.e. the H boundary condition in the terminology of Kays and Crawford, is treated. For the case of a fluid whose viscosity decreases with temperature, it is found that the effect of the variation is to increase the Nusselt number for heated walls. Having found the velocity and the temperature distribution, the second law of thermodynamics is invoked to find the local and average entropy generation rate. Expressions for the entropy generation rate, the Bejan number, the heat transfer irreversibility, and the fluid flow irreversibility are presented in terms of the Brinkman number, the Péclet number, the viscosity variation number, the dimensionless wall heat flux, and the aspect ratio (width to height ratio). These expressions let a parametric study of the problem based on which it is observed that the entropy generated due to flow in a duct of square cross-section is more than those of rectangular counterparts while increasing the aspect ratio decreases the entropy generation rate similar to what previously reported for the clear flow case

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) Regulates Primordial Follicle Assembly by Promoting Apoptosis of Oocytes in Fetal and Neonatal Mouse Ovaries

Primordial follicles, providing all the oocytes available to a female throughout her reproductive life, assemble in perinatal ovaries with individual oocytes surrounded by granulosa cells. In mammals including the mouse, most oocytes die by apoptosis during primordial follicle assembly, but factors that regulate oocyte death remain largely unknown. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a key regulator in many essential cellular processes, was shown to be differentially expressed during these processes in mouse ovaries using 2D-PAGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF methodology. A V-shaped expression pattern of PCNA in both oocytes and somatic cells was observed during the development of fetal and neonatal mouse ovaries, decreasing from 13.5 to 18.5 dpc and increasing from 18.5 dpc to 5 dpp. This was closely correlated with the meiotic prophase I progression from pre-leptotene to pachytene and from pachytene to diplotene when primordial follicles started to assemble. Inhibition of the increase of PCNA expression by RNA interference in cultured 18.5 dpc mouse ovaries strikingly reduced the apoptosis of oocytes, accompanied by down-regulation of known pro-apoptotic genes, e.g. Bax, caspase-3, and TNFα and TNFR2, and up-regulation of Bcl-2, a known anti-apoptotic gene. Moreover, reduced expression of PCNA was observed to significantly increase primordial follicle assembly, but these primordial follicles contained fewer guanulosa cells. Similar results were obtained after down-regulation by RNA interference of Ing1b, a PCNA-binding protein in the UV-induced apoptosis regulation. Thus, our results demonstrate that PCNA regulates primordial follicle assembly by promoting apoptosis of oocytes in fetal and neonatal mouse ovaries

Engineered Toxins “Zymoxins” Are Activated by the HCV NS3 Protease by Removal of an Inhibitory Protein Domain

The synthesis of inactive enzyme precursors, also known as “zymogens,” serves as a mechanism for regulating the execution of selected catalytic activities in a desirable time and/or site. Zymogens are usually activated by proteolytic cleavage. Many viruses encode proteases that execute key proteolytic steps of the viral life cycle. Here, we describe a proof of concept for a therapeutic approach to fighting viral infections through eradication of virally infected cells exclusively, thus limiting virus production and spread. Using the hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a model, we designed two HCV NS3 protease-activated “zymogenized” chimeric toxins (which we denote “zymoxins”). In these recombinant constructs, the bacterial and plant toxins diphtheria toxin A (DTA) and Ricin A chain (RTA), respectively, were fused to rationally designed inhibitor peptides/domains via an HCV NS3 protease-cleavable linker. The above toxins were then fused to the binding and translocation domains of Pseudomonas exotoxin A in order to enable translocation into the mammalian cells cytoplasm. We show that these toxins exhibit NS3 cleavage dependent increase in enzymatic activity upon NS3 protease cleavage in vitro. Moreover, a higher level of cytotoxicity was observed when zymoxins were applied to NS3 expressing cells or to HCV infected cells, demonstrating a potential therapeutic window. The increase in toxin activity correlated with NS3 protease activity in the treated cells, thus the therapeutic window was larger in cells expressing recombinant NS3 than in HCV infected cells. This suggests that the “zymoxin” approach may be most appropriate for application to life-threatening acute infections where much higher levels of the activating protease would be expected

The coloniality of infrastructure: Engineering, landscape and modernity in Recife

Geographical scholarship has, since the late 1990s, shown how infrastructure was central to the making of urban modernity and the metabolic transformation of socio-natures. Meanwhile, the work of Latin American scholars including Aníbal Quijano and Maria Lugones has focussed attention on the imbrications between modernity and coloniality, in particular through the international racial division of labour. Moving between these ideas, I argue that there is intellectual and political ground to be gained by specifically accounting for the coloniality of infrastructure, in both its material and epistemic dimensions. I ground the analysis in the history of Recife, Northeast of Brazil, analyzing the role of British engineering in the production of the city's landscape and infrastructure, and address the epistemic dimensions of the coloniality of infrastructural by exploring infrastructural spectacle in 1920s Recife. Finally, I explore how the coloniality of infrastructure directs our attention to race, labour and finance