The Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature of Palm Oil Shell on Quantity and Quality of Liquid Smoke

Palm oil shell can be processed into carbon and liquid smoke through pirolysis reaction where liquid smoke was obtained by condensation of smoke produced. In this research, liquid smoke was produced by pirolysis of 5 kg palm oil shell at temperature of 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C for 4 hours and the composition of liquid smoke was analyzed with Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The pirolysis processes at 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C produced 460 mL, 510 mL, and 550 mL of liquid smoke and 3.98, 3.24 and 1.49 kg of carbon respectively. The result of liquid smoke with pirolysis process at 200 °C were 30.73 %(w/w) of antioxidant and food flavor component (guaiacol, 2,3 - butanedione, furfural and 2-methyl-2-cyclopentenone), and 34.31 %(w/w) of harmful components (phenol , 2-propanone, 2-butanone and cyclopentanone). At 400 °C, 27.39 %(w/w) of components can be used in food products and 26.51 %(w/w) of components was harmful for health. Liquid smoke produced fromthis experiment cannot yet be used as food preservative because it still contains harmful components which are dangerous for health, therefore it needs further separation

Perbedaan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematik antara yang Menggunakan Pembelajaran Kontekstual dengan Problem Based Learning di Mts Al-mu\u27amalah Garut

This study uses a model of learning that is Contextual teaching and learning and method Problem Based Learning. Research conducted a experimental study. Learning with this learning method directs students to be able to solve mathematical problems. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in mathematical problem-solving skills among students who received guided discovery method is better than the students who received contextual teaching learning and problem Based learning method is haven\u27t better enough significance then between two methods. After doing a pretest and posttest and using a significance level of 5% can be concluded that the mathematical problem-solving ability of students who received contextual teaching and learning methodis no better than problem based learning

Studi Analisis Varians Ranking Dua- Arah Friedman terhadap Kompetensi Dimensi Pengetahuan Auditor di Kantor Akuntan Publik Jakarta

In conducting the auditing, the auditor should have the competence dimension of knowledge. It can be analyzed through therespondent's answers to the statements relating to the competence dimension of knowledge of an auditor. The purpose of this studyis to see if there is a statement to the effect of the respondent's answer and whether there is a correlation between the grain statements.The method used analysis of auditor competence dimension of knowledge in performing auditing and other data collected byquestinaires distributed to 30 Public Auditor offices in Jakarta. The result showed that no significant differences from respondents'answers to the statement items relating to the auditor's competence of knowledge dimensio

Pemanfaatan Tanaman Di Halaman Sekolah Dalam Pembelajaran Anatomi Tumbuhan Di SMA Negeri Bantul

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) respon siswa dalam belajar anatomi tumbuhan meng-gunakan tanaman yang tumbuh di halaman sekolah, 2) nilai-nilai belajar yang berkembang pada siswa yang diperoleh sebagai efek pengiring dalam belajar anatomi tumbuhan, 3) ragam hambatan dan solusi yang dilakukan guru Biologi SMA Negeri Bantul dalam memanfaatkan tanaman yang tumbuh di hala-man sekolah dalam pembelajaran anatomi tumbuhan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksploratif, dengan variabel yang diteliti berupa respon siswa dalam belajar anatomi tumbuhan, nilai-nilai belajar yang berkembang selama proses pembelajaran anatomi tumbuhan, dan ragam hambatan yang dialami guru Biologi SMA Negeri Bantul dalam memanfaatkan objek tanaman yang tersedia di halaman sekolah dalam pembelajaran anatomi tumbuhan. Subjek penelitiannya adalah satu kelas siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri I Banguntapan, dan guru-guru Biologi SMA Kabupaten Bantul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan potensi tanaman di halaman sekolah dengan menggunakan panduan belajar berupa LKS direspon cukup baik oleh siswa, nilai-nilai afektif sebagai bentuk produk belajar berkembang cukup baik, dan hambatan guru dalam memanfaatkan potensi tanaman di halaman sekolah lebih banyak terjadi akibat kurang memadainya alat dan bahan belajar yang tersedia di sekolah

Synthesis of Activated Carbon From Palm Oil Shell by Chemical Activation Method

An abundance of palmoil shell as a byproduct of the palmoil industry encourages the desire to increase the economic value of such materials that have been used as fuel only and is not used optimally. Thismaerial could be developed as activated carbon that can be used inmany industries particularlyin the field of petroleum, water treatment, gas industry, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, and chemical industries. Thus, the need for these materials will continue to rise. The aim of this study is to obtain activated carbon by chemical activationmethod through the process of carbonization and activation stages. The carbonization process was carried out at a temperature of 300 °C, 450 °C and 500 °C for duration of 1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3 hours. While the chemical activation process is done by using the activator of NaOH, NaCl, and HCl with a concentration of 2 % and duration of activation is 1, 2, and 4 hours. Carbonization process showed the best results at 500 °C and 3 hours process giving carbon with water content of 18%, yield of 23%, a volatile substance 3% and levels of fixed carbon 61%. Chemical activation by NaOH for 4 hours showed the best results with activated charcoal water content 3.6 % and adsorptive capacity of I2 851.8797 mg/g. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results show that before activation pores formed are still closed by the impurities and after the activation, these pores are more open so that the adsorption surface area becomes larger