Designing of Customized Devices in Orthodontics by Digital Imaging and CAD/FEM Modeling

In current decade, patient’s demand of minimal orthodontic treatment have encouraged the introduction of appliance that will be lighter, improved profile and better esthetics with regard to conventional orthodontic treatment. Considering aesthetic treatment options, removable clear aligner treatment got popular among patients since it allows clinician to deliver comprehensive orthodontic treatment while maintaining comfort of patient. The aligners should exert an adequate force in order to shift the tooth to a desirable position. But, in recent times, the relation of applied force and aligner property (eg. thickness) is inadequately witnessed. This article focuses on a patient-focused framework has been formulated which depicts orthodontic movement of teeth with the help of aligners. Particularly, a finite element model is being formulated which optimizes the thickness of these aligners with respect to amount of force and moment system applied to a lower central incisor while tipping it bucco-lingually

Correlation between clinical, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography findings in clinically significant macular edema

Background: Macular edema is an important cause of visual morbidity in diabetic retinopathy. It can be assessed by both fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Aims: To study, if any, correlation exists between FA and OCT patterns in Clinically significant macular edema (CSME). Furthermore, to correlate macular thickness as determined by OCT to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study which compared patterns in FA and OCT in patients with CSME. All the patients who were diagnosed as CSME underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and were subjected to FA and OCT. Those with a hazy media were excluded from the study. The results were analyzed by Fisher′s exact test. Results: A total of 32 eyes were studied. FA revealed that most of the patients had diffuse leak (59%), followed by focal leak (31%) and combined leak (10%). On OCT, isolated sponge-like retinal swelling was seen among 66% eyes, spongy retinal swelling with cystoid macular edema/serous foveal detachment in 28% eyes, and 6% had a combined pattern. There was a statistical correlation between FA and OCT findings in our study (P = 0.038). The mean central foveal thickness in our study was 321.75 ΁ 98.30 μm, and there was a statistically significant correlation between central foveal thickness and BCVA (P = 0.043). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between OCT and FA findings for CSME. Furthermore, the foveal thickness correlates to BCVA

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Not AvailableAzo dyes are widely used organic molecules that are generally recalcitrant to biodegradation, thus causing environmental pollution. In this study, the effect of various growth conditions like temperature, pH, dye concentration, aeration and presence/absence of co-substrate on decolourization of azo dye Red HE7B by Bacillus sp. Azo1 has been determined. Decolourization of the dye was achieved under static condition. Optimum decolourization of Red HE7B was observed at 30°C and 50 mg/l dye concentration, where more than 90% decolourization was achieved within three days of inoculation. Bacillus sp. Azo1 could decolourize the dye through a range of pH values from 6 to 9. Presence of co-substrate limited the decolourization with glucose being the most potential inhibitor. Identification of factors influencing decolourization will help in rapid removal of these pollutants from contaminated habitat.Not Availabl

Factors associated with visual outcomes after cataract surgery: A cross-sectional or retrospective study in Liberia.

OBJECTIVE:To report the initial outcomes and associated risk factors for poor outcome of cataract surgery performed in Liberia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:LV Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI), Hyderabad, started providing eye care in Liberia since July 2017. Electronic Medical Records of 573 patients operated for age-related cataract from July 2017 to January 2019 were reviewed. One eye per patient was included for analysis. All patients underwent either phacoemulsification or manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS). Pre and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded at one day, 1-3 weeks and 4-11 weeks. Main outcome measure was BCVA at 4-11 weeks; Intraoperative complications and preoperative ocular comorbidities (POC) were noted. BCVA less than 6/12 was classified as visual impairment (VI). Risk factor for VI was analysed using the logistic regression model. RESULTS:Of the 573 patients, 288 were males and 285 were females (49.7%). Mean age was 65.9±10.9 years; 14.3% had POC. The surgical technique was mainly MSICS (94.59%, n = 542). At 4-11 weeks, good outcome of 6/12 or better was noted in 38.55% (UCVA) and 82.54% (BCVA). Visual acuity (VA) of 6/18 or better as UCVA and BCVA was noted in 63.5% and 88% eyes respectively. Poor outcome of less than 6/60 was noted as UCVA (11.11%) and BCVA (5.22%). Multivariable analysis showed poor visual outcomes significantly higher in patients with POC (odds ratio 3.28; 95% CI: 1.70, 6.34). CONCLUSION:The cataract surgical outcomes in Liberia were good; with ocular comorbidities as the only risk factor