Budget shortfalls in mitigation impacts of extreme weather events: a new challenge for Serbian sustainable development

Extreme events, closely connected to the global climate changes, are among the most serious risks in the world. In developing countries extreme events cause setbacks to economic growth and social development, jeopardizing the sustainable development. Extreme events in the Republic of Serbia (RS) represent the most significant risk in implementation of its sustainable development, especially in the northern part, Vojvodina. This paper presents limitations of Serbian government to provide sufficient budget for emergency services and for other activities in the process of reducing disaster risks. The hypothesis of this article is: Is the threat of extreme event recognised among policy makers, and how to convince them to provide adequate funds in the national budget, and also funds for budgets of local self governments which would be sufficient for the prevention and mitigation measures? Authors include the analyses of the budgets of local self government following parameters like: size of the municipality/city; the level of resources allocated by affected municipalities in relation to municipalities that have not been affected by the disaster; types of existing hazards; level of economic development of municipality/city and percentage of total funding commitment of some municipalities. Serbian public still does not have the opportunity to participate in the process of creating national budget, neither of budgets in local self-governments. The main goals of this paper are to initiate public discussion on necessary budget, needed for mitigation measures after extreme events, as a serious risk to the concept of sustainable development and involvement of all interested parties in creating specific donor programs for communities affected by extreme events. The methodology used in this article is usual for social researchers: historical analysis, comparative analysis and data analysis. It allows authors to use various documents from electronic databases, books, scientific journals, official documents and positive practice from international communities. All data were arranged and used for the purpose of achieving article’s objectives. The paper shows that Serbia still lacks in adequate policy which enables local self government troughout Serbia to strengthen and increase the financial capacity for timely response to any kind of emergency. Conclusion remarks review actions that should be implemented in Serbia in order to strengthen the nation’s ability to prevent, prepare, respond to and mitigate short or long term consequences which might be caused by extreme weather events. These remarks could be helpful for policy makers in a process of preparing and adapting Budget proposal for Serbian Parliament and in local selfgovernment in their future efforts to provide all necessary conditions in improving the response to extreme events. Projecting appropriate budget, in regard to its own needs, threats and opportunities, Serbia could increase its security and strengthen national resilience. Therefore, performing those activities Serbia could improve its position, set by the last World Risk Report (2012), as one of the most risky country in the region

Anomalous Diffusion at Edge and Core of a Magnetized Cold Plasma

Progress in the theory of anomalous diffusion in weakly turbulent cold magnetized plasmas is explained. Several proposed models advanced in the literature are discussed. Emphasis is put on a new proposed mechanism for anomalous diffusion transport mechanism based on the coupled action of conductive walls (excluding electrodes) bounding the plasma drain current (edge diffusion) together with the magnetic field flux "cutting" the area traced by the charged particles in their orbital motion. The same reasoning is shown to apply to the plasma core anomalous diffusion. The proposed mechanism is expected to be valid in regimes when plasma diffusion scales as Bohm diffusion and at high $B/N$, when collisions are of secondary importance.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

CONNECTION BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SEXUALITY IN MONTENEGRO

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between religiosity and liberal versus conservative attitudes about sex. The study involved 1287 residents of Montenegro over the age of 18, of which 848 women and 439 men. They completed the scale for examining the liberality of attitudes about sex, which the authors of the article compiled for the purposes of this research. Respondents declared their religiosity as believers, agnostics or atheists, so there were 957 believers, 171 atheists and 159 agnostics in the sample. We found that agnostics are the most liberal in terms of attitudes about sex, then atheists and then believers. In addition to religiosity, we examined the connection of attitudes about sex with gender, age, and education level. More educated respondents proved to be more liberal than less educated ones. The women in our sample proved to be more conservative than the men. We did not confirm the assumption that younger respondents would be more liberal than older ones, which can be partly explained by the numerical inequality of age groups. The knowledge we have gained in this study can be of great use primarily as guidelines for further research work, and can also be implemented in various educational programs

Cross-Sections and Transport Properties of F- Ions in F-2

We present the new results for the simple scattering cross-section set and proposed transport coefficients for F- ions in F-2 that can be used in such models. Nanbu's theory based on thermodynamic threshold energies and separating elastic and reactive collisions is used to calculate cross-sections for binary collisions of ions with atoms and molecules. Direct MC method is applied to obtain swarm parameters at temperature of T = 300 K

Cross-Sections and Transport Properties of F- Ions in F-2

We present the new results for the simple scattering cross-section set and proposed transport coefficients for F- ions in F-2 that can be used in such models. Nanbu's theory based on thermodynamic threshold energies and separating elastic and reactive collisions is used to calculate cross-sections for binary collisions of ions with atoms and molecules. Direct MC method is applied to obtain swarm parameters at temperature of T = 300 K

Transport of F- ions in gaseous environment for technological applications

Negativni halogeni joni su zastupljeni u različitim neravnotežnim plazmama koje su zastupljene u biomedicinskim uređajima, nanotehnologijama, električnim pražnjenjima i hemiji atmosfere. Prikazani su podaci za modelovanje niskotemperaturnih plazmi koje sadrže F- jone primenom globalnih i drugih plazma modela. Ovaj jon je izabran zbog svoje izuzetno velike elektronegativnosti, veoma je jak nukleofilni reagent i formira veoma jake veze sa Luisovim kiselinama u gasnoj fazi. Sa druge strane, neizbežan je u proizvodnji c-BN filmova. Efikasni preseci za rasejanje F- jona na atomima Ar i molekulima F2, CF4 i BF3 dobijeni su primenom Nanbuove teorije u kojoj je moguće razdvojiti elastične od reaktivnih sudarnih procesa. Kako bi se uočili efekti nekonzervativnih sudarnih procesa na brzine drifta, proračuni su rađeni do visokih vrednosti E/N (1000Td).In this work we present swarm data obtained for F- ions in atomic and molecular gases necessary to form the global models for the complex collisional plasmas. We also present the new results for the simple scattering cross section set and proposed transport coefficients for F- ions in BF3 that can be used in such models. Nanbu’s theory based on thermodynamic threshold energies and separating elastic and reactive collisions is used to calculate cross sections for binary collisions of ions with atoms and molecules. For the cases in which the measured transport coefficients were available Momentum Transfer theory (MTT) was applied in order to unfold the cross sections from the measured transport data. Direct Monte Carlo method is applied to obtain swarm parameters at the temperature of T=300 K