Carotid intima-media thickness as a marker for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease on coronary angiography

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death worldwide, has a huge area of primary prevention where patients at risk can be identified for more intensive, evidence-based medical interventions to reduce cardiovascular events. Whereas coronary angiography has stood the test of time to assess atherosclerotic burden, it is still unavailable to a huge population at risk of CAD. This study was devised in search of a cheap and simple tool to assess atherosclerotic burden. We aimed to investigate the relationship between Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in patients evaluated by coronary angiography for suspected CAD and whether CIMT could predict the extension of CAD.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from March 2013 to September 2015 in Department of Medicine, SMHS Hospital, J and K, India. A total of 100 patients admitted to for undergoing coronary angiography indicated for suspected coronary artery disease were enrolled. the risk factors evaluated in this study included age, body mass index, sex, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking. CAD was assessed and classified by coronary angiography and CIMT was assessed by carotid doppler.Results: There was a positive relationship between CIMT and CAD. Risk factors like Age, smoking, BMI, cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes had significant positive effect on CIMT; whereas gender, VLDL, triglycerides, HDL and LDL were statistically insignificant in affecting CIMT.Conclusions: CIMT is a cheap and simple tool to predict the extent of CAD

A study on demographical, clinical-radiological, and histopathological profile of bronchial carcinoma in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Bronchial carcinoma has different demographical, clinico-radiological, and histopathological profiles depending on the environment, gender, and racial group. The purpose of this study was to explore the sociodemographical, clinical, radiological, and histopathological patterns of bronchial carcinoma in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the respiratory medicine department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). The study period was one year from January 2021 to December 2021. Our study documented socio-demographic patterns, smoking habits, history of COPD, clinical features, radiological findings, histopathological patterns of the tumor, and participants' performance status. Results: One hundred histopathologically confirmed patients with bronchial carcinoma were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 59.57±10.41 years. The majority of the participants were in the 5th and 6th decade, 35% and 34% respectively. Smokers were 80% in our study. The presenting complaints were cough (87%), shortness of breath (61%), and chest pain (58%). Mass lesions (83%) followed by collapse (8%) were the most common imaging findings. Adenocarcinoma (48%) and squamous cell carcinoma (35%) were the predominant histological types. Conclusions: The histopathological profiles of bronchial carcinoma are changing and adenocarcinoma is becoming the predominant type in Bangladesh

Advanced CNC/PEG/PDMAA Semi-IPN Hydrogel for Drug Delivery Management in Wound Healing

A Semi Interpenetrating Polymer Network (semi-IPN) hydrogel was prepared and loaded with an antibiotic drug, gentamicin, to investigate the wound healing activity of this system. The semi-IPN hydrogel was synthesized by combining natural polymer cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and synthetic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly (N,N0-dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMAA), which was initially added as a monomer dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA). CNC was prepared from locally obtained jute fibers, dispersed in a PEG-NaOH solvent systemand then mixed with monomer DMAA, where polymerization was initiated by an initiator potassium persulphate (KPS) and cross-linked by N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA). The size, morphology, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, thermal and swelling properties of the hydrogel were investigated by different characterization techniques. The biocompatibility of the hydrogel was confirmed by cytotoxicity analysis, which showed \u3e95% survival of the BHK-21, Vero cell line. The drug loaded hydrogel showed antimicrobial property by forming 25 and 23 mm zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative) bacteria, respectively, in antimicrobial analysis. At pH 5.5, 76% of the drug was released from the hydrogel within 72 h, as observed in an in vitro drug release profile. In an in vivo test, the healing efficiency of the drug loaded hydrogel was examined on a mice model with dorsal wounds. Complete healing of the wound without any scar formation was achieved in 12 days, which revealed excellent wound healing properties of the prepared drug loaded semi-IPN hydrogel. These results showed the relevance of such a system in the rapid healing of acute wounds

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Various ABO Blood Groups of Kashmiri Population

Aim: This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in various ABO blood groups of people of Kashmir

Genetic Variants at the Apo-A1 Gene in Association with Coronary Artery Disease

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the genetic variants of apolipoprotein A1: MspI polymorphisms in non translated region at -75bp upstream and +83bp in the first intron, had any impact on the development of CAD. A total of 400 unrelated adult subjects were enrolled in the study (200 CAD patients & 200 CAD-free controls) from the Kashmir region. Plasma levels of lipids were estimated for each sample by using photometric system. DNA extracted from blood samples was amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction, and then subjected to RFLP by using MspI enzyme; resolving the product on 3% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized under UV light. The G ?A substitution a

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Out Come of Mini Open Carpal Tunnel Release (OCTR) in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Background: Among peripheral neuropathies the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) ranks higher. At present surgery is considered as gold standard technique among the various available treatment options. Mini OCTR is the minimally invasive technique with better efficacy and less morbidity.Materials and Methods: Thus is prospective nonrandomized clinical study in which mini open carpel tunnel release (OCTR) under local anesthesia with a 2-year follow-up.45 patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, some patients have bilateral disease so total number of cases 55.Results: Instant response was noted in 78.2% cases in regard to pain and numbness. At final follow up 95% reported improvement and 5.5%% reported persistence of symptoms, with no functional deficit.Conclusion: Under local anesthesia, the mini OCTR technique is a treatment of choice in reducing the morbidity and cost.Abbreviations: OCTR: Open Carpal Tunnel Release. CTS: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Causality between Trade Openness and Energy Consumption: What Causes What in High, Middle and Low Income countries

This paper explores the relationship between trade openness and energy consumption using data of 91 high, middle and low income countries. The study covers the period of 1980-2010. We have applied panel cointegration and causality approaches for long run and causal relationship between the variables.Our results confirm the presence of cointegration between the variables. The relationship between trade openness and energy consumption is inverted U-shaped in high income countries but U-shaped in middle and low income countries. The homogenous and non-homogenous causality analysis reveals the bidirectional causality between trade openness and energy consumption.http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50382/1/MPRA_paper_50382.pdfinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe