The Impact of Oil Price Volatility on Economic Growth and Stability in Iraq through the Public Expenditure for the Period (2003-2020)

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to analyze fluctuations in global oil prices and identify the factors that control them. The study aims to clarify the nature and characteristics of the international oil market, as well as the relationship between oil, public expenditure, and the economy in rentier countries. The research seeks to provide insights into the economic effects of the dominance of the oil resource and track the trends of oil, public expenditure, economic growth, and development in Iraq. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the extent to which the fiscal policies pursued by oil rent countries are serving their goals, and to recommend ways to ensure the rationalization of public expenditure and real economic growth in these countries.   Theoretical framework: the research is based on several economic theories related to the international oil market and rentier economies. The study uses theories such as supply and demand, rentier state, Dutch disease, and public choice theory to analyze the economic effects of oil revenues in rentier countries, the factors that control the international oil market, and the behavior of governments and policymakers in allocating public funds.   Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted the induction method to achieve the objectives of the research and get the intended results by analyzing the data and statistical tables of the sample country.   Findings: The research findings suggest that oil rents lead to inefficiency, increased centralization of power, and patterns of public expenditure that decrease efficiency. Rentier economies face challenges in diversifying and reducing their dependence on oil exports. Adherence to budgets and developing transparent and flexible principles is crucial for real economic growth in rentier economies. Effective management of oil revenues and public expenditure is essential for sustainable economic growth in these economies.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The research has practical implications for policymakers, emphasizing the need for effective management of oil revenues and public expenditure for sustainable economic growth. Social implications relate to the impact of oil revenues on society, highlighting the need for improved living standards and reduced poverty.   Originality/value: The research is valuable as it provides original insights into the economic effects of oil rents and highlights the challenges faced by policymakers in managing rentier economies. The study's emphasis on effective management of oil revenues and public expenditure and the development of transparent and flexible principles adds value to the literature. The research provides valuable insights into the international oil market and emphasizes the importance of sustainable economic growth

Reduced order modeling of fluid flows: Machine learning, Kolmogorov barrier, closure modeling, and partitioning

In this paper, we put forth a long short-term memory (LSTM) nudging framework for the enhancement of reduced order models (ROMs) of fluid flows utilizing noisy measurements. We build on the fact that in a realistic application, there are uncertainties in initial conditions, boundary conditions, model parameters, and/or field measurements. Moreover, conventional nonlinear ROMs based on Galerkin projection (GROMs) suffer from imperfection and solution instabilities due to the modal truncation, especially for advection-dominated flows with slow decay in the Kolmogorov width. In the presented LSTM-Nudge approach, we fuse forecasts from a combination of imperfect GROM and uncertain state estimates, with sparse Eulerian sensor measurements to provide more reliable predictions in a dynamical data assimilation framework. We illustrate the idea with the viscous Burgers problem, as a benchmark test bed with quadratic nonlinearity and Laplacian dissipation. We investigate the effects of measurements noise and state estimate uncertainty on the performance of the LSTM-Nudge behavior. We also demonstrate that it can sufficiently handle different levels of temporal and spatial measurement sparsity. This first step in our assessment of the proposed model shows that the LSTM nudging could represent a viable realtime predictive tool in emerging digital twin systems

Marketing of Public Library Services in Balochistan: Planning and Prospects.

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to examine the marketing of library services in public libraries of Balochistan, and to identify the factors related to the use of different library marketing strategies in public libraries. Being quantitative in nature the study adopted survey method using close ended questionnaires for data collection from librarian and other related staffs in public libraries of Balohistan. The findings of the study depict that the librarians in public libraries have a positive perception towards the applying marketing strategies. It also identified factors relating to the marketing services and resources that are linked to the creation of awareness among librarian, lack of fund, poor internet quality, and not using library website and new trends of library marketing for libraray services. This study highlights the key factors related to the adaptation of libraray marketing services in libraries and provides outreach services to the readers. Library administrators by using these results can develop the library marketing plans to effectively promote their library services and resources

Mechanisms controlling the cell body response to axon injury in dorsal root ganglion neurons

Successful axon regeneration appears to depend on the development of an injury response. Dorsal root ganglion neurons exemplify the necessity of this injury response in a unique way. Peripheral nerve transection leads to development of an injury response and successful regeneration whereas central root transection does neither. The injury response may involve extracellular and intracellular pathways. To investigate the extraneuronal influences, we performed nerve transection of either the central or peripheral axon branches and studied the expression of GAP-43, a key growth associated protein, and the transcription factors ATF3, c-Jun, and STAT3. Our results show that the responses to peripheral versus central nerve transection are fundamentally different. Peripheral but not central nerve transection increases GAP-43, ATF3, and c-Jun expression. STAT3, however, is upregulated as a result of central but not peripheral nerve transection. To investigate potential intracellular signalling pathways, we applied FGF-2, an extracellular mitogen, or an analog of cAMP, an intracellular second messenger to the cut end of the peripheral axon. Our results indicate that FGF-2 and cAMP act as activators of GAP-43 expression. On the other hand, FGF-2 and cAMP act to downregulate the expression of ATF3. FGF-2 upregulates c-Jun and the activated form of STAT3. Paradoxically, the regulation of GAP-43 expression by cAMP or by FGF-2 in vivo shows opposing results from the previously reported in vitro studies. Our present results suggest that the peripheral nerve injury response may be governed by at least three different signalling pathways

Rasheed Al-Arami Honors Portfolio

Rasheed Al-Arami\u27s honors portfolio captured in November 2017

Use of Geometric Mean in Bioequivalence Trials

Bioequivalence data often do not follow the normality assumption on the linear (original) scale, therefore in that situation, the use of the logarithmic transformation is recommended. In the bioequivalence analysis, confusion arises about the use of geometric mean ratio when the logarithmic transformation is recommended by the regulatory authorities. The purpose of this research paper is to clear this confusion. Different average bioequivalence criteria are also reviewed in this paper

How Important is the Application of Balanced Scorecard, Benchmarking and Data Envelope Analysis Techniques in Measuring Performance Efficiency in Private Banks/ Applied Study

In view of the continuous developments and changes in the competitive business environment, the importance of Strategic Management Accounting is highlighted in the great role it plays in various economic units in terms of measuring the efficiency of performance on the one hand and evaluating it on the other, and comparing the efficiency of its performance with another leading economic unit in the same field. This research is aimed mainly at identifying the importance of some strategic management accounting methods (BSC balanced scorecard, BM Bench Marking) as well as the quantitative method of Operations Research Methods, which is the method of data envelope analysis (DEA) and their role in measuring the efficiency of performance in Iraqi private banks (al Mansour Investment Bank, Commercial Gulf Bank, Middle East Bank, National Bank of Iraq) and for the period of time (2015-2019) during the fixed volume returns model (CCR) method of data envelopment analysis, as well as the comparison between the banks of the research sample, and used the researcherdescriptive analytical in financial ratio analysis that was used in the Balanced Scorecard, as well as statistical methods that have been used for data processing (arithmetic mean, median, token, bow, architecture, variance, range).The researcher reached a series of conclusions, most notably that the results of the statistical analysis showed that there is a relative difference in relative efficiency according to the perspectives of the balanced scorecard and for different years. There is a near-equal in the computational circles of the financial performance of the research sample banks. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there is a close relationship between the Balanced Scorecard binoculars and the data envelope analysismethod, the latter complementary to the Balanced Scorecard work in measuring performance efficiency

Developing a Risk Management Framework in Construction Project Based on Agile Management Approach

Construction projects in nature, carry a lot of risks, and unpredictable conditions. Thus, flexible management is required for the purpose of efficient responding to the various changes appear during their implementation. As an attempt to deal with risk in the construction project, this research aims at proposing a risk management framework in construction projects that built based on Agile management concept, which is a sequence of procedure deals with the project’ primary vision to its final delivery. The risk management framework will trace alignment and discover a contact between Agile and traditional project management concepts and find contact points among two of the more used Agile frameworks (Scrum) and one of the more confirmed project management framework (PMBOK®) processes. This will result in a recognition of comparable areas between Scrum and PMBOK® processes. The goal of the framework is to assist the project managers to adapt a more flexible approach to managing and implementing the construction project. The results proved that Agile management process from the create prioritized project backlog, sprint planning, sprint review, to sprint retrospective procedures and less time of the cycle, eliminate or mitigate many risks that lead to project challenges and failure

Al-Arḋ fī Al-Qur’ān al-Karīm; Taḥlīl Dalālī li al-Mafhūm

This research aims to investigate the word "earth" in the Holy Qur'an and found that it came in (461) places; despite its frequent occurrence in the Holy Qur'an, the points of analysis of this study were limited، and the cause is not absent from the distinguished minds. Most of the verses in which the concept of "earth" was mentioned indicated divine power and cosmic beauty. For the above reason، the research was chosen to analyze (48) locations only with the pronouns that the concept of land carries when the Qur'an continues to present the story of the concept through the verses of the Holy Qur'an and the concept has been treated within the theory of semantic analysis. This research is qualitative and uses a type of literature study. The research data is based on the concept of "earth" and is sourced from the Qur'an. The data collection technique is carried out by documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis is descriptive-interpretive. Among the findings of the research by adding the term "ahl" to the concept it was found that the people despite their ethnic and relative differences but when they are linked to the concept they are considered one people as they are for one ruler the Almighty said: Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and made its people parties [Al-Qasas: 4] And by adding the term "khazāin" to the concept of a special positive connotation that would not have been available without the presence of the concept the Qur'anic structure did not show the state treasures for example or the treasures of Egypt as it came in the story of Joseph - peace be upon him - he said"Let me be in charge of the land's treasures  I am the All-Knowing Guardian" (Yusuf: 55)