91 research outputs found

    Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in the Pathological Angiogenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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    Tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression to late oral squamous cell carcinoma are closely related. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a heparin-binding growth factor with mitogenic activity specific for vascular endothelial cells, regulates key events of the pathological angiogenesis involved in the metabolic functions of malignant tissues. The level of high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor for VEGF, flt, in tumor endothelial cells in vivo is seen upregulated, supporting the role of VEGF as a potential signaling tumor angiogenesis axis in vivo and sustaining the notion that paracrine mechanisms are responsible for the regulation of tumor angiogenesis. The expression of VEGFs is increased in the processes of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression and proliferation. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C)/VEGF3 expression induced by chemokine CCL4 is connected to lymph node metastasis in OSCC. This chapter was aimed to summarize and analyze the findings on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma and briefly discuss the potential of vascular endothelial growth factor that targets this pathway as treatment for OSCC

    Dental trauma in the anterior sector: an analysis of the predisposing factors in a group of orthodontic patients.

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    Aim. The aim of this study was to analyze the predisposing factors of upper incisal trauma in children candidates for orthodontic treatment. Methods. This is a retrospective study involving 102 consecutive patients who requested orthodontic therapy at Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Bari University’s Dental School during the time frame 2012-2019. The distribution of reported dental trauma was analyzed according to gender, type of trauma, etiology, overjet and labial competence. Results. No substantial association between gender and trauma emerged from our study. Patients between the age range of 11-15 years appear to be at increased risk. A statistically significant correlation between increase in overjet and traumatic events was found. A link was discovered between labial incompetence and trauma, since this condition increases the risk of trauma by exposing part of the surface of the upper incisors. A correlation also emerged between Skeletal Class II and the increased risk of traumatic injury. Conclusions. Dental trauma, especially in the anterior sector, is a fairly frequent occurrence in pediatric and adolescent patients and is linked to several factors. In our study subjects with Skeletal Class II division I malocclusion with elevated overjet are more predisposed to dental trauma. The limitations of our study are the low number of subjects in the examined sample, and the heterogeneity of the trauma presentation

    Hyaluronic Acid Fillers Enriched with Glycine and Proline in Eyebrow Augmentation Procedure

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    Background: The eyebrow area is a clinically critical district due to the anatomical complexity and the propensity to aging-related atrophy. Hyaluronic acid fillers have been proposed to recover the dermal volume of the facial and lips regions. Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate hyaluronic acid fillers enriched with glycine and proline for the treatment of eyebrow augmentation. Methods: A total of 15 healthy patients were treated with eyebrow augmentation procedure. The distance between mid-bipupil to lateral eyebrow and mid-eyebrow to the medial eyebrow was measured before, immediately after treatment and at follow-up of 6 months. Results: The healing period was uneventful, and no evidence of inflammation or swelling associated with the treatment was reported. No macroscopical alteration was reported in the surrounding tissues with no evidences of visible wheals or lumps in the treated sites at the follow-up. Before treatment, the angle was equal to 9.32 ± 0.2°, while after treatment it was 11.21 ± 0.4° (p < 0.01); after three and 6 weeks, it was, respectively, 10.66 ± 0.2° (p<0.05) and 10.02 ± 0.3°(p > 0.05). Conclusions: The study results suggest that the hyaluronic acid fillers enriched with glycine and proline treatment resulted as being a useful procedure for augmentation, contour and volume definition and elevation of the eyebrow region with a high-level aesthetic result

    The association between periodontal disease and serum biomarkers levels in haemodialysis patients: a narrative review

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    The vast majority of studies has demonstrated that periodontal infection promotes significant systemic inflammatory status. The specific effects of these systemic alterations in response to periodontal inflammation have been comprehensively described and appear to be highly stereotyped, and it is well known the pathophysiological mechanism related to immune functioning linking periodontitis and pathologies such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and rheumatoid arthritis. More recently, it has been proposed that this association could be extended to consider periodontal infection as trigger to complications in maintenance haemodialysis (HD) patients through the establishment of inflammatory status in association to impaired nutritional status, emphasizing the role of periodontal infection in increase of C-reactive protein serum marker, a notably predictor of the cardiovascular risk. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the currently literature evidence that has developed around the potential impact of periodontal inflammatory status on serum nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers concentration monitoring the severity of systemic conditions in HD patients, in which cardiovascular events and malnutrition are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity. Methods: an electronic PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane database search complemented by a manual search of the bibliographies cited in all identified articles was performed between 2012 and 2019. The inclusion criteria were: all types of articles, articles published in PubMed, , Google Scholar and Cochrane and related only to humans. The exclusion criteria were: articles for which full text was not available, were not in English, or were grey literature. Keywords set: hemodialisys serum markers and periodontitis have been combined through the use of Mesh search. The terms then inserted in Pubmed were “serum markers”, “hemodialisys”, “periodontal disease” OR “periodontal infection” OR “periodontal inflammation”. Results: thirteen articles were identified. Studies currently available on the impact of periodontitis on the serum markers level in HD patients are analogous. Results confirmed the impact of subclinical inflammation related to periodontitis on C-reactive protein and albumin serum levels, supporting the emerging hypothesis of relationship between periodontal infection and HD status. Conclusions: although many studies have suggested that the inflammatory cytokines release may play a key role in several clinical alterations related to HD maintenance, further studies are needed to investigate the long-term consequences of chronic inflammation caused by periodontitis. There is a paucity of data concerning to the impact of periodontal disease on maintenance hemodialysis patients and about mechanisms involved

    Correlazione tra alitosi e trattamento ortodontico? Questioni di corretti stili di igiene orale. Case report

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    Nel trattamento delle malocclusioni, la terapia ortodontica fissa è la più suffragata (Fig. 1a). Anche se uno degli obiettivi del trattamento ortodontico in soggetti con malocclusioni è migliorare oltre che la funzione anche la salute parodontale, la terapia stessa può provocare una maggiore incidenza di infiammazioni con conseguente sanguinamento gengivale, recessioni e la ritenzione di placca1. Poiché la rugosità superficiale e l’energia libera di superficie sono correlati con l’accumulo di placca2, la presenza di un dispositivo ortodontico aumenta tale deposito con conseguente infiammazione gengivale in soggetti con malocclusione3. È ben documentato che il trattamento ortodontico con apparecchi fissi si accompagni a un aumentato rischio di gengiviti dovuto all’accumulo di placca batterica attorno agli attacchi2,3 (Figg. 1b-1d). L’alitosi di origine orale è associata con il metabolismo microbico sul dorso lingua, nella saliva e nella placca dentale4 (Figg. 2a-2b); dunque l’intensità dell’alito cattivo è significativamente associata con la quantità di composti volatili endorali contenenti solfuro. Questi composti sono prodotti da batteri gram-negativi orali che metabolizzano aminoacidi presenti nella dieta e producono gas, come solfuro di idrogeno (H2S)5. Ci sono generalmente tre metodi accettati per la valutazione del cattivo odore orale: misurazione organolettica, gas cromatografia (GC) e monitoraggio solfuro portatile6. Studi hanno dimostrato la correlazione a breve termine del cattivo odore orale nella terapia ortodontica fissa, mentre effetti a lungo termine non sono ancora stati documentati7-10

    Tissuue Engineering in Maxillar Sinus Lifting: A Comparation of Differents Grafts and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Evaluation

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    Bone is a specialized connective tissue, most prominently characterized by its mineralized organic matrix that imparts the physical properties that allow bone tissue to resist load, to support functional organs, and to protect highly sensitive body parts. Bone loss and bone damage may occur as a result of genetic conditions, infectious diseases, tumours, and trauma. Bone healing and repair, involves integrative activity of native tissues and living cells, and lends itself to the incorporation of naturally derived or biocompatible synthetic scaffolds, aimed at replacing missing or damaged osseous tissues. There are several modalities of bone regeneration including tissue engineering, guided bone regeneration, distraction ontogenesis, and bone grafting. This book concentrates on such procedures that may well be counted among the recent outstanding breakthroughs in bone regenerative therapy

    Role of Autologous Platelet Gel (APG) in Bone Healing: A Rabbit Study

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    Purpose: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence and efficacy of autologous platelets on bone regeneration in a rabbit defects model. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 critical size tibial defects were produced in six New Zealand rabbits: A total of six defects were filled with autologous platelet gel (APG) and six defects were maintained as untreated controls. No membranes were used to cover the bone osteotomies. The histology and histomorphometry were performed at four weeks on retrieved samples of both groups. Results: No complications were reported in any of the animals nor for the defects produced. A significantly higher lamellar and woven bone percentage was reported for the APG group with a lower level of marrow spaces (p < 0.05). Evidence of newly formed bone was found in the superficial portion of the bone defect of APG samples where no aspects of bone resorption were observed. Conclusions: The evidence of the present research revealed that APG increases new bone formation restricted to the cortical portion and induces more rapid healing in rabbit bone defects than in untreated defects

    The Accuracy of Three Intraoral Scanners in the Oral Environment with and without Saliva: A Comparative Study

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    Background: with the emergence of technological innovations in the dental industry, one emerging trend has been the intraoral digitizing of patients by using intraoral scanning systems. Compared to taking conventional impressions, the use of intraoral scanners (IOS) is suitable for capturing direct optical impressions, helping to improve diagnostic efficacy, save time, reduce patient discomfort, and simplify clinical procedures. Intraoral scanning systems appear to have a high potential for providing guidance on proper standards of care. However, one main disadvantage is breathing and saliva secretion, which causes deviations, interfering with the applicability and accuracy of the optical impression. The aim of this study was to compare the validity and accuracy of three commercially available intraoral scanners, performing an analysis exploiting a wet model. Methods: an in vitro experimental study of four permanent teeth (two molars and two premolars) on the accuracy of copings obtained by subgingival preparations was performed, using an oral wet environment model. Two hundred and forty digital impressions were produced from three digital scanners using four samples. Descriptive analysis was performed using mean, standard deviation, and median. ANOVA and F-tests were performed to assess the amount of variability between the groups. For statistical analysis a 95% significance level was chosen. Results: all differences between groups were statistically significant. Conclusions: the present data implicate a huge impact of the oral biological fluids on the accuracy of digital impression to corresponding images, implying a failure of accurate impression under wetness conditions

    Protective Face Masks: Effect on the Oxygenation and Heart Rate Status of Oral Surgeons during Surgery

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    Background: Safety in medical work requires eye protection, such as glasses, and protective facial masks (PFM) during clinical practice to prevent viral respiratory infections. The use of facial masks and other full personal protective equipment increases air flow resistance, facial skin temperature and physical discomfort. The aim of the present study was to measure surgeons’ oxygenation status and discomfort before and after their daily routine activities of oral interventions. Methods: 10 male voluntary dentists, specializing in oral surgery, and 10 male voluntary doctors in dentistry, participating in master’s courses in oral surgery in the Department of Oral Surgery of the University of Chieti, with mean age 29 ± 6 (27–35), were enrolled. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of wearing a PFM on oxygenation status while the oral surgeons were actively working. Disposable sterile one-way surgical paper masks (Surgical Face Mask, Euronda, Italy) and FFP2 (Surgical Face Mask, Euronda, Italy) were used and the mask position covering the nose did not vary during the procedures. The FFP2 was covered by a surgical mask during surgical treatment. A pulse oximeter was used to measure the blood oximetry saturation during the study. Results: In all 20 surgeons wearing FFP2 covered by surgical masks, a reduction in arterial O2 saturation from around 97.5% before surgery to 94% after surgery was recorded with increase of heart rates. A shortness of breath and light-headedness/headaches were also noted. Conclusions: In conclusion, wearing an FFP2 covered by a surgical mask induces a reduction in circulating O2 concentrations without clinical relevance, while an increase of heart frequency and a sensation of shortness of breath, light-headedness/headaches were recorded

    Multiple Brain Abscesses of Odontogenic Origin. May Oral Microbiota Affect Their Development? A Review of the Current Literature

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    In the last few years, the role of oral microbiota in the setting of oral diseases such as caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer and systemic infections, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and brain abscess (BA), has attracted the attention of physicians and researchers. Approximately 5–7% of all BAs have an odontogenic origin, representing an important pathological systemic condition with a high morbidity and mortality. A systematic search of two databases (Pubmed and Ovid EMBASE) was performed for studies published up to 5 January 2021, reporting multiple BAs attributed to an odontogenic origin. According to PRISMA guidelines, we included a total of 16 papers reporting multiple BAs due to odontogenic infections. The aim of this review is to investigate the treatment modality and the clinical outcome of patients with multiple BAs due to odontogenic infections, as well as to identify the most common pathogens involved in this pathological status and their role, in the oral microbiota, in the onset of oral infections. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of multiple BAs. Further studies are required to understand better the role of microbiota in the development of multiple BAs
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