216 research outputs found
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND HPTLC EVALUATION OF TRIVRITTADI KWATHA: A POLYHERBAL FORMULATION
Background: Trivrittadi kwatha is mentioned in Charaka samhita as a therapeutic formulation to treat Kushtha (Skin disorder). The skin diseases are considered in the umbrella of Kushtha. There is no definite line of treatment is given in the classics but the Seers have described Shwitra (Vitiligo) under the kushtha and line of treatment should be done like Kushtha. Vitiligo affects 1% of the population worldwide but management is till unsatisfactory. Trivrittadi kwatha contains Trivritta (Operaculina turpethum (Linn.), Danti (Boliospermum montanum Muell-Arg.) and Triphala which is compound of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Bibhitaki (Terminalia belerica) and Amalaki (Emblica officinalis). This polyherbal formulation has enough potential to do Virechana (therapeutic purgation). Method: Trivrittadi kwatha powder was evaluated for their pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis. Results: Microscopic characters were found of Trivritta, Danti, Haritaki, Bibhitaki and Amalaki. Results obtained in pharmaceutical parameters of Trivrittadi kwatha powder like loss on drying 8.2 % w/w, Ash value 6.268 %, Alcohol soluble extract 91.5 % w/w etc. are within limit mentioned by Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profile of Trivrittadi kwatha powder showed similarities in number of spots. Conclusion: From the study, data developed can be espoused for laying down the standards for Trivrittadi kwatha
Nonintegrable Interaction of Ion-Acoustic and Electromagnetic Waves in a Plasma
In this paper we re-examine the one-dimensional interaction of
electromagnetic and ion acoustic waves in a plasma. Our model is similar to one
solved by Rao et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 26, 2488 (1983)) under a number of
analytical approximations. Here we perform a numerical investigation to examine
the stability of the model. We find that for slightly over dense plasmas, the
propagation of stable solitary modes can occur in an adiabatic regime where the
ion acoustic electric field potential is enslaved to the electromagnetic field
of a laser. But if the laser intensity or plasma density increases or the laser
frequency decreases, the adiabatic regime loses stability via a transition to
chaos. New asymptotic states are attained when the adiabatic regime no longer
exists. In these new states, the plasma becomes rarefied, and the laser field
tends to behave like a vacuum field.Comment: 19 pages, REVTeX, 6 ps figures, accepted for publication in Phys.
Rev.
Strong and weak chaos in weakly nonintegrable many-body Hamiltonian systems
We study properties of chaos in generic one-dimensional nonlinear Hamiltonian
lattices comprised of weakly coupled nonlinear oscillators, by numerical
simulations of continuous-time systems and symplectic maps. For small coupling,
the measure of chaos is found to be proportional to the coupling strength and
lattice length, with the typical maximal Lyapunov exponent being proportional
to the square root of coupling. This strong chaos appears as a result of
triplet resonances between nearby modes. In addition to strong chaos we observe
a weakly chaotic component having much smaller Lyapunov exponent, the measure
of which drops approximately as a square of the coupling strength down to
smallest couplings we were able to reach. We argue that this weak chaos is
linked to the regime of fast Arnold diffusion discussed by Chirikov and
Vecheslavov. In disordered lattices of large size we find a subdiffusive
spreading of initially localized wave packets over larger and larger number of
modes. The relations between the exponent of this spreading and the exponent in
the dependence of the fast Arnold diffusion on coupling strength are analyzed.
We also trace parallels between the slow spreading of chaos and deterministic
rheology.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figure
Constrained Markovian dynamics of random graphs
We introduce a statistical mechanics formalism for the study of constrained
graph evolution as a Markovian stochastic process, in analogy with that
available for spin systems, deriving its basic properties and highlighting the
role of the `mobility' (the number of allowed moves for any given graph). As an
application of the general theory we analyze the properties of
degree-preserving Markov chains based on elementary edge switchings. We give an
exact yet simple formula for the mobility in terms of the graph's adjacency
matrix and its spectrum. This formula allows us to define acceptance
probabilities for edge switchings, such that the Markov chains become
controlled Glauber-type detailed balance processes, designed to evolve to any
required invariant measure (representing the asymptotic frequencies with which
the allowed graphs are visited during the process). As a corollary we also
derive a condition in terms of simple degree statistics, sufficient to
guarantee that, in the limit where the number of nodes diverges, even for
state-independent acceptance probabilities of proposed moves the invariant
measure of the process will be uniform. We test our theory on synthetic graphs
and on realistic larger graphs as studied in cellular biology.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figure
Effect of water availability pattern on yield of pearl millet in semi-arid tropical environments
Throughout much of the semi-arid tropics, fluctuations in grain yield can largely be attributed to differences in timing and intensity of drought stress. Since seasonal rainfall in these environments is often poorly related to grain yield, the aim of this paper was to establish a relationship between water availability and grain yield for pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), grown across 24 semi-arid tropical environments in India. We used a simple soil water budget to calculate a water satisfaction index (WSI) throughout the season. The cumulative WSI at maturity explained 76% of the variance in grain yield. This was three times as much as explained by actual rainfall, because WSI accounted for differences in water losses and pan evaporation. A classification of environments into four groups of water availability patterns explained 75% of the environmental sum of squares for grain yield. For a subset of 13 environments, environmental differences in grain number could also be explained by water availability patterns, whereas differences in grain mass were related to both water availability and temperature. Our results indicate that cumulative WSI, which is an integrated measure of plant-available water, can provide an adequate estimation of the environmental potential for yield in environments where grain yield is mainly limited by variable availability of water
Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd
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