Expert survey and classification of tools for modeling and simulating hybrid energy networks

Sector coupling is expected to play a key role in the decarbonization of the energy system by enabling the integration of decentralized renewable energy sources and unlocking hitherto unused synergies between generation, storage and consumption. Within this context, a transition towards hybrid energy networks (HENs), which couple power, heating/cooling and gas grids, is a necessary requirement to implement sector coupling on a large scale. However, this transition poses practical challenges, because the traditional domain-specific approaches struggle to cover all aspects of HENs. Methods and tools for conceptualization, system planning and design as well as system operation support exist for all involved domains, but their adaption or extension beyond the domain they were originally intended for is still a matter of research and development. Therefore, this work presents innovative tools for modeling and simulating HENs. A categorization of these tools is performed based on a clustering of their most relevant features. It is shown that this categorization has a strong correlation with the results of an independently carried out expert review of potential application areas. This good agreement is a strong indicator that the proposed classification categories can successfully capture and characterize the most important features of tools for HENs. Furthermore, it allows to provide a guideline for early adopters to understand which tools and methods best fit the requirements of their specific applications

COMPARISON OF FEEDING GAS STRATEGIES (CO-AND COUNTER-FLOW) IN A PEM FUEL CELL THROUGH A PSEUDO 2D DIPHASIC WATER MODEL

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to establish a simple model representing diphasic water flows in a single cell PEM fuel cell in order to improve fuel cell control. The pseudo-2D model describes the water transfers from one electrode to the other, all along the feeding gas channels. Both vapor and liquid water are considered. The location of first appearance of liquid water can be noticed. The influence of the feeding gas strategies (co-and counter-flow) on the water distribution in the cell are investigated. As a consequence, with the counter-flow feeding gas strategy, water is better distributed in the whole cell, but flooding of the electrode may occur. With a co-flow feeding gas strategy flooding risks are lower, but water distribution in the cell is less homogeneous and could result in a early deterioration of the membrane by drying. NOMENCLATUR

Chart for Thermoelectric Systems Operation Based on a Ternary Diagram for Bithermal Systems

Thermoelectric system’s operation needs careful attention to ensure optimal power conversion depending on the application aims. As a ternary diagram of bithermal systems allows a synthetic graphical analysis of the performance attainable by any work-heat conversion system, thermoelectric systems operation is plotted as a parametric curve function of the operating conditions (electric current and reservoirs’ temperature), based on the standard model of Ioffe. The threshold of each operating mode (heat engine, heat pump, thermal dissipation, and forced thermal transfer), along with the optimal efficiencies and powers of the heat pump and heat engine modes, are characterized graphically and analytically as a function of the material properties and the operating conditions. The sensibility of the performance aims (maximum efficiency vs. maximum power) with the operating conditions is, thus, highlighted. In addition, the specific contributions of each phenomenon involved in the semiconductor (reversible Seebeck effect, irreversible heat leakage by conduction and irreversible thermal dissipation by Joule effect) are discussed in terms of entropy generation. Finally, the impact of the exo-irreversibilities on the performance is analyzed by taking the external thermal resistances into account

Two‐Heat‐Source Thermodynamic Cycles: Representation as a Ternary Diagram

International audienc

Entropy analysis of thermoelectric heat pumps including multi-channel heat exchangers: design considerations

International audienc

Thermoelectric Systems as an Alternative to Reverse Cycle Engines

International audienc

Transferts couplés masse-charge-chaleur dans une cellule de pile à combustible à membrane polymère :

Understanding and modelling of coupled mass, charges and heat transfers phenomena are fundamental to analyse the electrical behaviour of the system. The aim of the present model is to describe electrical performances of a PEFMC according to the fluidic and thermal operating conditions. The water content of the membrane and the water distribution in the single cell are estimated according to the coupled simulations of mass transport in the thickness of the single cell and in the feeding channels of the bipolar plates. A microscopic model of a Gas Diffusion Electrode is built up to describe charges transfer phenomena occurring at the electrodes. Completed by a study of heat transfer in the Membrane Electrode Assembly, conditions and preferential sites of water vapour condensation can be highlighted. A set of measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of carbon felts used in fuel cells as porous backing layers have also been performed. Although the value of this parameter is essential for the study of heat transfer, it is still under investigation because of the strong thermal anisotropy of the mediumLa compréhension et la description des phénomènes couplés de transport de masse, de charge et de chaleur dans le c?ur de pile sont primordiales pour l'analyse du comportement électrique du système. Le modèle présenté ici a pour objectif de décrire les performances électriques d'une pile PEMFC en fonction des conditions fluidiques et thermiques de fonctionnement. L'hydratation de la membrane et la répartition de l'eau dans la cellule sont estimées à l'aide de simulations couplées du transport de matière dans l'épaisseur de la cellule et dans les canaux d'alimentation internes aux plaques bipolaires. Un modèle microscopique de type Gas Diffusion Electrode a été mis en place pour décrire les phénomènes de transfert de charges aux électrodes. Complétée par l'étude du transfert de chaleur dans le c?ur de pile, cette modélisation permet notamment de distinguer les conditions et les sites préférentiels de condensation de la vapeur d'eau. Une campagne de mesures de la conductivité thermique effective des feutres de carbone utilisés en pile en tant que diffuseur poreux a également été réalisée. La valeur de ce paramètre, bien qu'essentielle pour l'étude des transferts thermiques, est encore source de discussions du fait de la forte anisotropie thermique du milie

Transferts couplés masse-charge-chaleur dans une cellule de pile à combustible à membrane polymère

La compréhension et la description des phénomènes couplés de transport de masse, de charge et de chaleur dans le cœur de pile sont primordiales pour l'analyse du comportement électrique du système. Le modèle présenté ici a pour objectif de décrire les performances électriques d'une pile PEMFC en fonction des conditions fluidiques et thermiques de fonctionnement. L'hydratation de la membrane et la répartition de l'eau dans la cellule sont estimées à l'aide de simulations couplées du transport de matière dans l'épaisseur de la cellule et dans les canaux d'alimentation internes aux plaques bipolaires. Un modèle microscopique de type Gas Diffusion Electrode a été mis en place pour décrire les phénomènes de transfert de charges aux électrodes. Complétée par l'étude du transfert de chaleur dans le cœur de pile, cette modélisation permet notamment de distinguer les conditions et les sites préférentiels de condensation de la vapeur d'eau. Une campagne de mesures de la conductivité thermique effective des feutres de carbone utilisés en pile en tant que diffuseur poreux a également été réalisée. La valeur de ce paramètre, bien qu'essentielle pour l'étude des transferts thermiques, est encore source de discussions du fait de la forte anisotropie thermique du milieu.Understanding and modelling of coupled mass, charges and heat transfers phenomena are fundamental to analyse the electrical behaviour of the system. The aim of the present model is to describe electrical performances of a PEFMC according to the fluidic and thermal operating conditions. The water content of the membrane and the water distribution in the single cell are estimated according to the coupled simulations of mass transport in the thickness of the single cell and in the feeding channels of the bipolar plates. A microscopic model of a Gas Diffusion Electrode is built up to describe charges transfer phenomena occurring at the electrodes. Completed by a study of heat transfer in the Membrane Electrode Assembly, conditions and preferential sites of water vapour condensation can be highlighted. A set of measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of carbon felts used in fuel cells as porous backing layers have also been performed. Although the value of this parameter is essential for the study of heat transfer, it is still under investigation because of the strong thermal anisotropy of the medium.NANCY/VANDOEUVRE-INPL (545472102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Multi-Stakeholder Decision Support Based on Multicriteria Assessment: Application to Industrial Waste Heat Recovery for a District Heating Network in Grenoble, France

International audienceThe decarbonization and decentralization of district heating networks lead to the shared use of on-site resources by multiple stakeholders. The optimal design of prospective equipment in such contexts should take into account the preferences and objectives of each stakeholder. This article focuses on the adaptation of a 4E multicriteria model (the criteria being energy, exergy, economic, and exergoeconomic) to include and compare the stakeholders’ performance criteria around the technical design. In addition, two graphical supports are proposed that represent and cross-analyze the different stakeholders’ preferred optima. A preliminary implementation of the methodology is illustrated through a study case in France, which features waste heat recovery for district heating utilization. After presenting the results, a discussion is offered on how to complete the methodology with an iterative negotiation procedure to determine the most suitable design. It was concluded, among other considerations, that the relaxation of the stakeholders’ optimality requirements can greatly enable the project’s feasibility. Such a relaxation could be implemented in the form of a joint consortium. In addition, the results showed that stakeholder relaxations of requirements can lead to new solutions that may outperform the best solutions pre-relaxation. Lastly, perspectives are suggested toward verifying whether relaxed requirements from upstream stakeholders might be more impactful than those of downstream stakeholders