Development and psychometric properties of the methamphetamine decisional balance scale (METH-DBS) for young adults

Abstract Background Drug misuse is a major problem that has an extreme negative effect on people’s health. Methamphetamine (MA) is frequently used by young adults, despite its harmful consequences. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) has been known to be very effective in explaining both the achievement and cessation of several health-related behaviors. Therefore, in this study, the TTM was used toward the domain of immoderate MA use among young adults. This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of a decisional balance scale for MA use in young adults. Methods A multi-phase scale development approach was used to develop the scale. First, 41 university students enrolled in a qualitative study that generated content for a primary set of a 40-item instrument. In order to produce a pre-final version of the instrument, face and content validity were calculated in the next step. The instrument validation was assessed with a sample of 250 university students. Then, the construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory), convergent validity, discriminate validity, internal consistency applying test-retest reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha of the scale were measured. Results Forty items were initially generated from the qualitative data. After content validity, this amount was reduced to 25 items. The exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors (self and other cons, coping and social pros) containing 21 items that jointly accounted for 55.24% of the observed variance. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated a model with appropriate fitness for the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the dimensions ranged from .74 to .87, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from .83 to .91, which is within acceptable ranges. Conclusion The findings showed that the Methamphetamine Decisional Balance Scale is a valid and reliable scale that increases our ability to study motivational factors related to MA use among young adult. Consequently, the instrument could be applied in both practice and future studies

Quality of Life and Related Factors in Hemodialysis Patients Referred to Teaching Hospitals in Zanjan

Introduction and Aims The evaluation of the quality of life helps us to fundamentally focus on the patients’ problems and drastically causes the treatment methodologies to be reconsidered. The present research studies the quality of life and related factors in the Hemodialysis patients in the educational hospitals of Zanjan, Iran. Materials and Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study has been carried out on 74 patients in two Hemodialysis centers in Zanjan. Convenience sampling was done in 3 months. To assess the different parameters, standard of living questionnaire of kidney patients (KDQOL) was used. Results The findings showed that 8.1% of the patients had a good quality of life, 70.2% experienced medium quality of life and 21.7% had a poor quality of life. The mean and the standard deviation were 44.4 and 14.2. The highest average and standard deviation of the quality of life of samples in the 9 aspects were related to “pain” with the scores of 57.6 and 12. Also the lowest was related to “physical health problems” with the numbers of 18.5 and 11. Conclusion According to the results of this research, the poor quality of life is remarkable among the hemodialysis patients. Definitely accurate planning with a proper focus on the most important elements related to the quality of these patients’ lives can be helpful. * Corresponding Author: Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Faculty of Nursing. Email: [email protected]