Perspectives on the Pathogenesis and Complications of PE

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Globally, it is the leading cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Nearly 8–10% of women develop hypertension during pregnancy worldwide. Although the actual pathogenesis of PE has not been fully understood, the only cure for the disease is delivery. So, the growing evidence suggests that improper spiral artery remodeling creates placental hypoxia and leads to altered immune response followed by endothelial dysfunction, the release of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, and various other vasoactive factors into the maternal circulation. Reliable biochemical markers are needed for the diagnosis of PE at the earliest. MMPs are differentially expressed as a result of the trophoblast invasion’s distinct temporal features. Early in the gestational period, MMPs create the conditions for the ensuing incursion to the placental bed. Endothelial dysfunction is the cause of the clinical sign of the mother such as impairment of the hepatic endothelium causing the HELLP syndrome to develop, impairment of the cerebral endothelium causing refractory neurological problems, or even eclampsia. Also, this chapter reveals the various maternal consequences like HELLP syndrome, Seizure, future cardiovascular events, and end-organ dysfunction; fetal complications include premature delivery, respiratory distress, IUGR, etc

Comparative study of adenosine deaminase activity, insulin resistance and lipoprotein(a) among smokers and healthy non-smokers

Background: Adenosine deaminase also known as adenosine aminohydrolase involved in purine metabolism. Its primary function is development and maintenance of immune system. The main objective of the study was to estimate adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme and find its correlation with lipoprotein(a) and insulin resistance among smokers and healthy non-smokers.Methods: Fifty smokers and fifty healthy non-smokers were selected based on WHO definition. ADA, lipid profile and glucose was estimated on a fully automated analyser by IFCC approved methods and lipoprotein(a) was done by latex enhanced immune-turbidimetric assay method respectively.Results: After appropriate screening ADA activity and insulin was significantly elevated among smokers when compared with healthy non-smokers. A positive correlation was found between pack size of cigarette and ADA activity and also with Lp(a) respectively. In addition, there was no correlation between serum lipid profile and ADA activity.Conclusions: Adenosine deaminase activity was increased in patients in response to nicotine which is the key component of cigarette smoke. These findings indicate that nicotine and carbon monoxide can alter lipoprotein synthesis and also modify LDL to oxidized form which can lead to ischemic heart disease

An ion conductive polyimide encapsulation: New insight and significant performance enhancement of sodium based P2 layered cathodes

The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.010. © 2019. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/It is essential to stabilize the surface of P2 layered cathode materials at high cut-off voltages (>4.3 V) in order to construct high-energy sodium ion batteries (SIB) that are promising for commercial application. When the voltage exceeds 4.3 V, large volume changes due to phase transitions and active species dissolution affect the structural stability of high voltage cathodes. In this study, we report a novel method of enhancing the electrochemical cycling performance of P2-type Na2/3(Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13)O2 (NNMC) materials through ion-conductive polyimide (PI) encapsulation. The electrochemical performance of ultrathin PI coated NNMC (PI-NNMC) is one of the best reported in the literature among layered cathodes in terms of cyclic stability (82% after 100 cycles at 0.16 A g−1) at a high voltage range between 2 and 4.5 V, compared to the pristine (46%) and Al2O3-coated NNMC (70%). At high current (5C), the NNMC-PI electrode demonstrates superior cyclability by retaining 70% of its capacity after 500 cycles. The ultrathin PI layer possesses excellent surface protection, high ionic conductivity (vs Al2O3 coating) and facile ion transport, thus enabling a fast and durable redox electrochemistry in NNMC materials for high-performance sodium storage above 4.3 V.This work was financially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the University of waterloo, and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology and the 111 Project (No. D17007) and K.K acknowledges the financial support for this work from Henan Normal University, China

TYG-BMI AS A SURROGATE MARKER IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS - AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Previous epidemiological studies have shown that the triglyceride-glucose index (Ty-G) was well- known predictor for the development of diabetes mellitus. A study proposed that traditional lipid ratios, particularly the TGHDL- C ratio based on the proportion between pro atherogenic and anti-atherogenic fractions are more effective than single lipids measure in identifying IR. Ty-G index predicted the subsequent occurrence of HTN in a positive and dose-dependent manner. Therefore, early detection of the Ty-G index may be beneficial for early interventions to prevent HTN among the Chinese population Methodology: The present study was an observational study and the results of total 128 hypertensive patients and healthy volunteers aged between 35 to 60 years was collected from a Tertiary care hospital. Body mass index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and Triglyceride levels were measured. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve was used to check association between the study groups. Results: ROC curve based on sensitivity and specificity with reference to TyG-BMI as dependent variable among the groups. Area under curve for Waist/Hip ratio(W/H) was 0.543, HbA1c was 0.766, albumin/creatinine was 0.512, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase was 0.528, triacylglycerol/high density lipoprotein was 0.681 with cut-off value of W/H is 0.81, HbA1c is 5.05, albumin/creatinine is 2.56, AST/ALT is 0.41, TAG/HDL is 0.71 respectively. TyG-WC as dependent variable in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, area under curve for W/H was 0.626, HbA1c was 0.671, albumin/creatinine was 0.527, AST/ALT was 0.528, TAG/HDL was 0.681 with cut-off value of W/H ratio is 0.80, HbA1c is 5.05, albumin/creatinine is 2.56, AST/ALT is 0.55, TAG/HDL is 1.64 respectively. Conclusion: Our observational study suggests that higher Ty-G index was associated with higher probabilities of hypertension in general adult population. Large-scale prospective cohort studies are looked-for to elucidate the latent pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association among Ty-G index and hypertensive subjects

Comparative study of adenosine deaminase activity, insulin resistance and lipoprotein(a) among smokers and healthy non-smokers

Background: Adenosine deaminase also known as adenosine aminohydrolase involved in purine metabolism. Its primary function is development and maintenance of immune system. The main objective of the study was to estimate adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme and find its correlation with lipoprotein(a) and insulin resistance among smokers and healthy non-smokers.Methods: Fifty smokers and fifty healthy non-smokers were selected based on WHO definition. ADA, lipid profile and glucose was estimated on a fully automated analyser by IFCC approved methods and lipoprotein(a) was done by latex enhanced immune-turbidimetric assay method respectively.Results: After appropriate screening ADA activity and insulin was significantly elevated among smokers when compared with healthy non-smokers. A positive correlation was found between pack size of cigarette and ADA activity and also with Lp(a) respectively. In addition, there was no correlation between serum lipid profile and ADA activity.Conclusions: Adenosine deaminase activity was increased in patients in response to nicotine which is the key component of cigarette smoke. These findings indicate that nicotine and carbon monoxide can alter lipoprotein synthesis and also modify LDL to oxidized form which can lead to ischemic heart disease

Structural, dielectric and optical properties of N-(2 chlorophenyl)-(1-propanamide) (NCP) single crystals

Good transparent single crystals of N-(2 chlorophenyl)-(1-propanamide) have been grown by slow cooling solution growth technique. From the crystal structure analysis we infer that the crystal belongs to monoclinic system. The grown crystals were subjected to FT-IR and FT-Rarnan analyses for vibrational assignments, UV-Vis spectral studies for optical transmission and band gap determination, dielectric studies for the study of dependence of capacitance, dielectric constant, and conductivity with frequency and temperature and Laser damage threshold studie