34 research outputs found
Depression in patients following limb reconstructive surgeries for trauma
Background: Psychological complications are common following physical trauma and its surgical treatment. Studies on trauma patients are mostly from the Western world and have focussed more on posttraumatic stress disorder and less on depression.Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre for trauma in South India. One hundred patients who had undergone limb reconstructive surgeries following trauma were included in the study. The major causes of trauma were occupational accidents and road traffic accidents. Beck depression inventory II was used to diagnose depression. The severity of trauma, impairment in joint motion and sensory impairment were also determined. Association between the variables was assessed using Chi -Square/ Fisher’s exact test.Results: The prevalence of depression was found to be 36% (95% CI: 26.6-45.4). Age between 41 and 60 years, unemployment, severe degree of injury, and the period between three months and one year of trauma were found to have significant association with depression.Conclusions: Depression is common following physical trauma and its surgical treatment. Its early recognition and treatment is important to ensure faster recovery and better quality of life.
Onset of Propagation of Planar Cracks in Heterogeneous Media
The dynamics of planar crack fronts in hetergeneous media near the critical
load for onset of crack motion are investigated both analytically and by
numerical simulations. Elasticity of the solid leads to long range stress
transfer along the crack front which is non-monotonic in time due to the
elastic waves in the medium. In the quasistatic limit with instantaneous stress
transfer, the crack front exhibits dynamic critical phenomenon, with a second
order like transition from a pinned to a moving phase as the applied load is
increased through a critical value. At criticality, the crack-front is
self-affine, with a roughness exponent . The dynamic
exponent is found to be equal to and the correlation length
exponent . These results are in good agreement with those
obtained from an epsilon expansion. Sound-travel time delays in the stress
transfer do not change the static exponents but the dynamic exponent
becomes exactly one. Real elastic waves, however, lead to overshoots in the
stresses above their eventual static value when one part of the crack front
moves forward. Simplified models of these stress overshoots are used to show
that overshoots are relevant at the depinning transition leading to a decrease
in the critical load and an apparent jump in the velocity of the crack front
directly to a non-zero value. In finite systems, the velocity also shows
hysteretic behaviour as a function of the loading. These results suggest a
first order like transition. Possible implications for real tensile cracks are
discussed.Comment: 51 pages + 20 figur
Inhibition of constitutive and cxc-chemokine-induced NF-κB activity potentiates ansamycin-based HSP90-inhibitor cytotoxicity in castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells
Background: We determined how CXC-chemokine signalling and necrosis factor-B (NF-B) activity affected heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor (geldanamycin (GA) and 17-allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG)) cytotoxicity in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).Methods:Geldanamycin and 17-AAG toxicity, together with the CXCR2 antagonist AZ10397767 or NF-B inhibitor BAY11-7082, was assessed by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in two CRPC lines, DU145 and PC3. Flow cytometry quantified apoptotic or necrosis profiles. Necrosis factor-B activity was determined by luciferase readouts or indirectly by quantitative PCR and ELISA-based determination of CXCL8 expression.Results:Geldanamycin and 17-AAG reduced PC3 and DU145 cell viability, although PC3 cells were less sensitive. Addition of AZ10397767 increased GA (e.g., PC3 IC 20: from 1.670.4 to 0.180.2 nM) and 17-AAG (PC3 IC 20: 43.77.8 to 0.641.8 nM) potency in PC3 but not DU145 cells. Similarly, BAY11-7082 increased the potency of 17-AAG in PC3 but not in DU145 cells, correlating with the elevated constitutive NF-B activity in PC3 cells. AZ10397767 increased 17-AAG-induced apoptosis and necrosis and decreased NF-B activity/CXCL8 expression in 17-AAG-treated PC3 cells.Conclusion:Ansamycin cytotoxicity is enhanced by inhibiting NF-B activity and/or CXC-chemokine signalling in CRPC cells. Detecting and/or inhibiting NF-B activity may aid the selection and treatment response of CRPC patients to Hsp90 inhibitors.</p
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