Aligning Mentorship Style With Beginning Teachers' Development: Contextual Supervision

Contextual Supervision (CS), a developmental mentoring model recently designed, applied, and refined in a teaching internship setting in Western Canada, has been shown to be useful in providing guidance to the supervision of teacher-interns during their extended practicum. The present study (in which the author was a participant observer) provides further qualitative and quantitative evidence that illustrates the effectiveness of CS in guiding practicum supervisors in the task of helping beginning teachers to develop their instructional skills. It also suggests that the CS model can prove useful in supervisory practice with developing practitioners in a variety of instructional settings.La supervision contextuelle (Contextual Supervision - CS, en anglais), un modèle de mentorat expérimental que l'on vient de concevoir, appliquer et raffiner pendant un stage pédagogique dans l'Ouest du Canada, s'est avérée utile pour guider la supervision de stagiaires pendant leur stage prolongé. Cette étude (lors de laquelle l'auteur a agit tant comme participant que comme observateur) ajoute aux preuves qualitatives et quantitatives qui démontrent l'efficacité de la supervision contextuelle dans l'encadrement des superviseurs de stagiaires pendant qu'ils les aident dans l'acquisition d'habiletés pédagogiques. De plus, les résultats laissent croire que ce modèle pourrait être utile lors de la supervision de stagiaires dans différents milieux d'enseignement

Interns' and Cooperating Teachers' Concerns Dining the Extended Practicum

This study examined teacher interns' and their classroom cooperating teachers' concerns about the extended practicum both before and after their completion of the 16-week program. Respondents completed pre- and post-internship surveys identifying their initial concerns about the internship and the subsequent alleviation of these concerns (or the emergence of others). All the respondents reported that some of their initial apprehensions were alleviated by the end of the internship, but nearly all also stated that some concerns remained and that some new concerns had emerged. The teacher interns all reported having developed specific professional strengths during the internship. Evidence supporting some of Fuller and Bown's (1975) three-stage concern theory was found. Implications of these findings are drawn for enhancing the effectiveness of extended practicum programs.Cette recherche porte sur un groupe de stagiaires et les préoccupations de leurs enseignants coopérants quant aux stages prolongés de 16 semaines. Les répondants ont complété des questionnaires avant et après le stage, identifiant leurs préoccupations initiales quant au stage et par la suite, l'atténuation de celles-ci (ou l'émergence de nouvelles). Tous les répondants ont indiqué que certaines de leurs préoccupations initiales s'étaient atténuées avant la fin du stage, mais presque tous ont également signalé que quelques préoccupations avaient subsisté et que d'autres étaient apparues. Les stagiaires ont tous indiqué qu’ils avaient développé certaines habiletés professionnelles précises pendant leur stage. Cette étude vient appuyer certains éléments de la théorie de Fuller et Boum (1975) sur les trois étapes des préoccupations. Les implications des résultats sont évoquées pour augmenter l'efficacité des stages prolongés

Enhancing Mentors’ Effectiveness: The promise of the Adaptive Mentorship© model

The Adaptive Mentorship (AM) model is described and implications are raised for its wider implementation. The researchers derived the AM model from earlier contingency leadership approaches; and during the last two decades, they have further refined AM through application and research. They suggest the benefits and transferability of AM to any field to assist protégés in developing professional proficiency in their respective contexts.Dans cet article, le modèle de mentorat adapté© (MA) est décrit et ses implications dans l’optique d’une implémentation étendue sont soulevées. Les chercheurs dérivent le modèle MA des approches précédentes de contingence du leadership. De plus, au cours des deux dernières décennies, ils ont raffiné davantage leur modèle via l’application et la recherche. Ainsi, les auteurs exposent les bénéfices et la transférabilité du MA dans tous les domaines pour permettre aux protégés de développer des compétences professionnelles dans leurs milieux respectifs

Research Synthesis For Adaptive Mentorship

Adaptive Mentorship (AM) is a mentoring model the authors have developed over a 21-year period. Mentor-protpairs originally applied it in teacher-education internship programs; however, the authors have subsequently witnessed its adoption by other mentorship/coaching practitioners/researchers across the professions.In this report, the authors describe AM, its rationale, implementation, strengths, and limitations and they synthesize the latest findings regarding its effectiveness as a tool in mentoring teacher-candidates

ホンヤク シン ジツザイロン テツガク ニ オケル キョウドウ ケンキュウ ジョブン

その他、フォーラム報告等(翻訳原稿)原著：Edwin Bissell Holt, Walter Taylor Marvin, William Pepperell Montague, Ralph Barton Perry, Walter Boughton Pitkin, Edward Gleason Spaulding, (1912）,The New Realism : Cöperative Studies in Philosophy, New York The Macmillan Company.翻訳：豊泉, 俊大 / 磯島, 浩

Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. We have fine-mapped 64 GWAS regions known at the conclusion of the iCOGS study using large-scale genotyping and imputation in 25 723 PrCa cases and 26 274 controls of European ancestry. We detected evidence for multiple independent signals at 16 regions, 12 of which contained additional newly identified significant associations. A single signal comprising a spectrum of correlated variation was observed at 39 regions; 35 of which are now described by a novel more significantly associated lead SNP, while the originally reported variant remained as the lead SNP only in 4 regions. We also confirmed two association signals in Europeans that had been previously reported only in East-Asian GWAS. Based on statistical evidence and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, we have curated and narrowed down the list of the most likely candidate causal variants for each region. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines and eQTL analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for overlap with bio-features within this set. By incorporating the novel risk variants identified here alongside the refined data for existing association signals, we estimate that these loci now explain ∼38.9% of the familial relative risk of PrCa, an 8.9% improvement over the previously reported GWAS tag SNPs. This suggests that a significant fraction of the heritability of PrCa may have been hidden during the discovery phase of GWAS, in particular due to the presence of multiple independent signals within the same regio

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly