The synergistic interaction of thermal stress coupled with overstocking strongly modulates the transcriptomic activity and immune capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The objective of the present study is to identify and evaluate informative indicators for the welfare of rainbow trout exposed to (A) a water temperature of 27 °C and (B) a stocking density of 100 kg/m3 combined with a temperature of 27 °C. The spleen-somatic and condition index, haematocrit and the concentrations of haemoglobin, plasma cortisol and glucose revealed non-significant differences between the two stress groups and the reference group 8 days after the onset of the experiments. The transcript abundance of almost 1,500 genes was modulated at least twofold in in the spleen of rainbow trout exposed to a critical temperature alone or a critical temperature combined with crowding as compared to the reference fish. The number of differentially expressed genes was four times higher in trout that were simultaneously challenged with high temperature and crowding, compared to trout challenged with high temperature alone. Based on these sets of differentially expressed genes, we identified unique and common tissue- and stress type-specific pathways. Furthermore, our subsequent immunologic analyses revealed reduced bactericidal and inflammatory activity and a significantly altered blood-cell composition in challenged versus non-challenged rainbow trout. Altogether, our data demonstrate that heat and overstocking exert synergistic effects on the rainbow trout’s physiology, especially on the immune system.publishedVersio

Altlastsanierung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Spannungsfeld zwischen mikro- und makrooekonomischer Rationalitaet: Anforderungen an eine kosten-nutzen-orientierte Ordnungspolitik im Bereich von Genehmigungen fuer Reinigungsanlagen und Deponierungen

Available from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel A 193717 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Eocuma cadenati Fage 1950

<i>Eocuma cadenati</i> Fage, 1950 <p> <i>Eocuma cadenati</i> Fage, 1950: 451, fig.; Jones, 1956: 199. Bäcescu, 1972: 150; LeLoeuff & Intes, 1972: 28, fig. 5.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 2 male, 8.8 mm; 2 females, 9.1 mm (St. 1: grab and dredge sampling; 7°14.090´S, 12°41.010´E); 1 ovigerous female, 10.1 mm (St. 12: grab sampling; 13°57.670´S, 12°21.870´E)</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Our material contained large specimens about 9–10 mm in total length. Individuals were collected on two shelf stations from Angola. The appearance of the carapace in the dorsal and lateral view is unique among <i>Eocuma</i> species from West Africa. The occurrence of two pairs of notch on anterior-lateral margin is characteristic for <i>E. cadenati</i>.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> North West Africa: Mauritanian, Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast; West Africa: Angola; 0–60 m and planktonic</p>Published as part of <i>Bochert, Ralf & Zettler, Michael L., 2011, Cumacea from the continental shelf of Angola and Namibia with descriptions of new species, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 2978</i> on page 15, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200990">10.5281/zenodo.200990</a&gt

Eocuma foveolatum Day 1978

<i>Eocuma foveolatum</i> Day, 1978 <p> <i>Eocuma foveolatum</i> Day, 1978: 170, figs. 2–3.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 2 preadult males; 2 females; 3.9–5.2 mm (St. 3: dredge sampling; 7°49.947´S, 13°02.992´E); 1 male, 7.0 mm (St. 29: grab sampling; 17°23.415´S, 11°43.432´E);</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>E. foveolatum</i> is in anatomical and taxonomical features very similar to <i>E. ferox</i> and <i>E. dimorphum</i>. It clearly distinguishes from these species and most other members of the genus by the complete absence of lateral horns or flattening of the carapace in both sexes. <i>E. foveolatum</i> is a slightly smaller species, adult males reach length up to 6.7 mm (Day, 1978) and 7.0 mm (our material). The integument of that species is marked by fine hairs causing small particles of debris to stick to the entire animal. This feature was well developed on all individuals from station 3, but was lacking in the adult male. Day (1978) described a maxilliped 3 with the basis strongly flexed at mid-point. This was not found in our material. Additionally the prolongation of basis of pereopod 1 reaches beyond distal tip of the ischium in the adult male, but it ends at the articulation of ischium and merus in smaller individuals.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> South East Africa 33°–34° S and West Africa (Angola) 08°–17° S; 5–80 m</p>Published as part of <i>Bochert, Ralf & Zettler, Michael L., 2011, Cumacea from the continental shelf of Angola and Namibia with descriptions of new species, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 2978</i> on page 21, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200990">10.5281/zenodo.200990</a&gt

Upselaspis caparti Fage 1951

<i>Upselaspis caparti</i> (Fage, 1951) <p> <i>Cyclapsoides caparti</i> Fage, 1951: 5, figs. 2–4.</p> <p> <i>Upselaspis caparti</i> Jones, 1955: 284; Jones 1956: 197; Bäcescu 1972; Mühlenhardt-Siegel, 1996: 127, pl. 4, figs. 15–18.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 1 adult male, 4.4 mm (St. 34: grab sampling; 18°23.116´S, 11°55.289´E) [ZMB 27916]; 1 adult male, 4.4 mm (St. 17: grab sampling; 17°00.124´S, 11°41.719´E)</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The specimens, both adult males each 4.4 mm in total length, correspond in all details with earlier descriptions. The individuals were slightly longer than that from South Africa (Day, 1978).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> North West Africa (Mauritania), West Africa (Namibia, Angola), South Africa (Saldanha), 0– 78 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Bochert, Ralf & Zettler, Michael L., 2011, Cumacea from the continental shelf of Angola and Namibia with descriptions of new species, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 2978</i> on page 24, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200990">10.5281/zenodo.200990</a&gt

Bodotria glabra Jones 1955

<i>Bodotria glabra</i> Jones, 1955 <p>Figs. 8–9</p> <p> <i>Bodotria glabra</i> Jones, 1955: 282 –284, figs. 1–2.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 1 adult male, 5.2 mm; 1 ovigerous female 5.4 mm; 1 female; 2 juveniles 3.0 mm (St. 34: grab sampling; 18°23.116´S, 11°55.289´E) [ZMB 27920]; 1 female (St. 33: grab sampling; 18°11.444´S, 11°50.475´E); 1 female (St. 32: grab sampling; 17°57.633´S, 11°46.104´E); 1 female (St. 16: grab sampling; 16°59.522´S, 11°31.098´E); 1 female; (St. 23: grab sampling; 17°18.946´S, 11°43.389´E); 3 females (St. 8: grab sampling; 12°05.273´S, 13°42.047´E)</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> preadult male, 5.2 mm total length. Integument soft. Carapace (Fig. 8 A) about twice as long as high; antero-lateral angle prominent and acute; antennal notch deeply indented; dorsal carinae on carapace and pedigerous somites; without lateral carinae on carapace; pseudorostral lobes meeting for short distance in front of eyelobe; eyelobe rounded; eye prominent.</p> <p>First antenna (Fig. 8 B), peduncle triarticulate, article 1 twice as long as article 2 and 1.5 times as long as article 3; flagellum biarticulate, very short, as long as peduncle article 2, with four aesthetascs distally; accessory flagellum rudimentary. Second antenna reaches as far as third pedigerous somite.</p> <p>Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 8 C), basis slightly more than twice as long as following five segments combined length, arcuate, with its distal extension reaching to end of the merus; with row of nine plumose setae on the inner margin; outer margin of process with a row of short, fine setulae; merus and carpus slightly produces distally; carpus broad, with one plumose setae distal and few plumose setae on inner margin; dactylus slender, with short setae distally and a row of setulae on inner margin.</p> <p>Pereopods: pereopod 1 (Fig. 8 D), basis 1.5 times longer than following five segments combined length, arcuate, with one long plumose seta distally; ischium short; ischium and merus together slightly longer than propodus; propodus and dactylus equal in length; carpus about 1.7 times longer than propodus. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 8 E), basis long and slender, about 1.4 times as long as the remaining segments; ischium fused with basis; carpus and dactylus each about twice as long as merus and also propodus; merus and carpus each bearing one strong simple setae. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 9 A) basis long and slender, about 1.2 times as long as the remaining segments, with one plumose setae distally; ischium short, with one long acuminate seta distally; merus, carpus and propodus of same length more than twice as long as ischium, with one long strong simple setae distally; dactylus short. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 9 B) basis as long as the remaining segments; rest of the limb similar to pereopod 3. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 9 C) basis shorter than the remaining segments; rest of the limb similar to pereopod 3.</p> <p>Uropod (Fig. 9 D) peduncle about twice as long as rami; inner margin with hyaline serrations, interspersed with several short setae; exopod and endopod of same length; endopod uniarticulate, inner margin with six serrated setae interspersed with hyaline serrations and one terminal setae; exopod with five plumose setae on inner edge and two terminal setae.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>B. glabra</i> was described by Jones (1956) from an ovigerous female. He found three females and six juveniles from plankton hauls. The male was unknown until know. The morphological features of the adult male agree well with the description of the female. However, the basis of the maxilliped 3 in the preadult male is slightly more than twice as long, and in female it is only twice as long, as the remaining five segments together. This also applies to pereopod 1. The basis in preadult male is 1.5 times longer than the following five segments combined, whereas it is only 1.25 times longer in female. Another difference applies to the lateral carina on carapace, which is only faintly marked in females but not in preadult male. <i>B. glabra</i> seems to be endemic for the area of the Angola current on the shelf coast off Angola and northern Namibia.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> South West Africa (Namibia and Angola), from 20°11’ S to 12°0’S, 19–105 m and planktonic.</p>Published as part of <i>Bochert, Ralf & Zettler, Michael L., 2011, Cumacea from the continental shelf of Angola and Namibia with descriptions of new species, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 2978</i> on pages 12-15, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200990">10.5281/zenodo.200990</a&gt

Iphinoe africana Zimmer 1908

<i>Iphinoe africana</i> Zimmer, 1908 <p>Fig. 17</p> <p> <i>Iphinoe africana</i> Zimmer, 1908: 163 –164, plate 1, figs. 17–33; Fage, 1951: 4, fig. 1; Jones, 1955: 288, fig. 5, 1956: 202, fig. 12; Day, 1978: 209, figs. 19–20; Mühlenhardt-Siegel, 1996: 119 –121, plate 1, figs. 11–17.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 1 juvenile, 5.2 mm (St. 3: dredge sampling; 7°49.947´S, 13°02.992´E); 1 female (St. 6: grab sampling; 9°26.000´S, 12°59.974´E); 1 male, 8.0 mm; 1 female (St. 8: grab sampling; 12°05.273´S, 13°42.047´E); 1 male, 2 females (St. 9: grab sampling; 13°56.040´S, 12°23.510´E); 1 preadult male; 1 female, 8.1 mm (St. 13: grab sampling; 15°00.048´S, 12°07.685´E); 9 males; 22 females (St. 17: grab sampling; 17°00.124´S, 11°41.719´E); 1 juvenile (St. 18: grab sampling; 17°15.801´S, 11°40.997´E); 1 adult male, 10.5 mm; 2 preadult male; 1 female (St. 19: grab sampling; 17°16.047´S, 11°43.441´E); 1 preadult male; 2 females (St. 20: grab sampling; 17°16.052´S, 11°41.234´E); 1 adult male; 1 preadult male; 6 females (St. 21: grab sampling; 17°17.349´S, 11°42.624´E); 1 female (St. 22: grab sampling; 17°18.965´S, 11°36.088´E); 1 female; 2 juveniles (St. 23: grab sampling; 17°18.946´S, 11°43.389´E); 12 males and females (St. 24: grab and dredge sampling; 17°20.334´S, 11°42.216´E); 1 female (St. 25: grab sampling; 17°20.345´S, 11°39.531´E); 6 males and females, 1 juvenile (St. 26: grab and dredge sampling; 17°22.050´S, 11°42.233´E); 1 preadult male (St. 27: grab sampling; 17°22.094´S, 11°39.567´E); 1 male (St. 28: dredge sampling; 17°23.415´S, 11°36.126´E); 7 males; 13 females (St. 29: grab sampling; 17°23.415´S, 11°43.432´E); 1 female (St. 31: grab sampling; 17°35.972´S, 11°41.995´E); 1 male; 1 female (St. 32: grab sampling; 17°57.633´S, 11°46.104´E); 2 females; 1 juvenile, 3.7 mm (St. 34: grab and dredge sampling; 18°23.116´S, 11°55.289´E).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Specimens belong to <i>Iphinoe africana</i> constituted about 30 % of the collected material. The differentiation from the very similar species <i>Iphinoe brevipes</i> Hansen, 1895 and <i>Iphinoe stebbingi</i> Jones, 1956 was discussed in this <i>africana – brevipes – stebbingi</i> group (Jones, 1956, Day 1978; Mühlenhardt-Siegel, 1996). We observed considerable variations in our individuals associated with growth and sexual dimorphism for several features. Concretely, the lengths of the different articles of pereopod 1 and pereopod 2 and numbers of teeth on telsonic somite. The ratio of carapace length to carapace height ranged from 2.25 to 2.75, the basis of pereopod 1 could be longer than the rest of the limb and the basis of pereopod 2 could be nearly as long as broad (Fig. 17). According to Day (1978) the distribution of <i>I. brevipes</i> is limited from North to 5°S and <i>I. stebbingi</i> is found in South Africa.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> South West Africa from Angola to Cape Point (South Africa), 0–130 m</p>Published as part of <i>Bochert, Ralf & Zettler, Michael L., 2011, Cumacea from the continental shelf of Angola and Namibia with descriptions of new species, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 2978</i> on pages 22-23, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200990">10.5281/zenodo.200990</a&gt

Diastylis algoae Zimmer 1908

<i>Diastylis algoae</i> Zimmer, 1908 <p> <i>Diastylis algoae</i> Zimmer, 1908: 158, 188, plates 44–45, figs. 96–108; Day, 1980: 266, figs. 24–25. <i>Diastylis rufescens</i> Jones 1955: 288, figs. 6–7.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 4 ovigerous females, 6.5–7.5 mm; 2 juveniles, 4.4–4.9 mm (St. 1: dredge sampling; 7°14.090´S, 12°41.010´E) 1 female, 6.8 mm (St. 8: grab sampling; 12°05.273´S, 13°42.047´E)</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Our material consists of two juveniles about 4.4 mm in length and five females about 7 mm in length, four of them ovigerous. The specimens match well with the description from Day (1980). Pereopods 3 and 4 of some individuals bear well developed exopods.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> South Africa (Lüderitz Bay– East London), West Africa (Angola); 19– 200 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Bochert, Ralf & Zettler, Michael L., 2011, Cumacea from the continental shelf of Angola and Namibia with descriptions of new species, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 2978</i> on pages 31-32, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200990">10.5281/zenodo.200990</a&gt

Eocuma lanatum LeLoeuff & Intes 1972

<i>Eocuma lanatum</i> LeLoeuff & Intes, 1972 <p>Fig. 16</p> <p> <i>Eocuma lanata</i> LeLoeuff & Intes, 1972: 27, fig. 4</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 1 male, 5.5 mm; 1 ovigerous female, 4.6 mm; 1 female 9.6 mm (St. 1: dredge sampling; 7°14.090´S, 12°41.010´E)</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> A single record of this species was used for description of one adult female and one preadult male (both 7 mm in total length) (LeLoeuff & Intes, 1972). This species is very similar to <i>E. ferox</i> and <i>E. dimorphum</i> in having one pair of lateral horns. However, the basis of pereopod 1 of <i>E. lanatum</i> is slightly shorter than carpus and propodus together, whereas it is about 1.5 times longer in both other species. Contrary to the hairless body of <i>E. ferox</i> and <i>E. dimorphum</i>, the carapace of <i>E. lanatum</i> is covered with a napped coat (LeLoeuff & Intes, 1972). Our material comprises one ovigerous female and one adult male about 5.5 mm in length which match the original description in most parts. The adult individuals are much smaller, but the paired horns, the serration of the exopod of uropod and the aspect ratio of articles of pereopod 1 attribute the individuals to that species. Our material contains a third individual, a female of 9.6 mm length. The carapace carries a very strong pair of lateral horns, nearly reaching the tip of the pseudorostrum (Fig. 16). The serration of the exopod of uropod is weakly formed. The carpus of pereopod 1 is equal in length to merus, the propodus is 1.5 times longer than carpus and the dactylus one third of the propodus (Fig. 16).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> West Africa Ivory Coast, Angola; 41– 250 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Bochert, Ralf & Zettler, Michael L., 2011, Cumacea from the continental shelf of Angola and Namibia with descriptions of new species, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 2978</i> on pages 21-22, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200990">10.5281/zenodo.200990</a&gt