Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: Post‐hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Magnesium status and vitamin B6 intake have been linked to mental health and/or quality of life (QoL). In an 8‐week Phase IV randomised controlled study in individuals with low magnesemia and severe/extremely severe stress but who were otherwise healthy, greater stress reduction was achieved with magnesium combined with vitamin B6 than with magnesium alone. We present a previously unreported secondary analysis of the effect of magnesium, with and without vitamin B6, on depression, anxiety, and QoL. Adults with Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐42) stress subscale score >18 were randomised 1:1 to magnesium + vitamin B6 combination (Magne B6®; daily dose 300 and 30 mg, respectively) or magnesium alone (Magnespasmyl®; daily dose 300 mg). Outcomes included changes from baseline in DASS‐42 depression and anxiety scores, and QoL (Short Form‐36 Health Survey). DASS‐42 anxiety and depression scores significantly improved from baseline to week 8 with both treatments, particularly during the first 4 weeks. Improvement in QoL continued over 8 weeks. Participants' perceived capacity for physical activity in daily life showed greater improvement with magnesium + vitamin B6 than magnesium alone (Week 4). In conclusion, magnesium supplementation, with or without vitamin B6, could provide a meaningful clinical benefit in daily life for individuals with stress and low magnesemia

The Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic respiratory disease in the west, which is due to a malfunction in protein of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). Since some studies showed the effect of vitamin D supplementation and increment in 25OHD serum level in these patients, this study aimed to conduct a review in this scope. For reaching the available studies, a search was conducted on the studies published between2009 to 2014 in English language with the key words of vitamin D deficiency, 25OHD serum level, vitamin D supplementation and relationship with cystic fibrosis in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. In Most studies conducted on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on 25OHD serum level, an increment in 25OHD serum level was observed, though it did not reach the therapeutic target level (> 75 nmol / l or> 30 ng / ml). As a matter of fact, few studies reached the therapeutic targets. Therefore, supplementation with vitamin D in patients with CF may assist to increase the level of serum 25OHD, though achieving appropriate levels of serum 25OHD depends on conducting more studies

Estrogen attenuates physical and psychological stress-induced cognitive impairments in ovariectomized rats

Introduction: Women are more vulnerable to stress-related disorders than men, which is counterintuitive as female sex hormones, especially estrogen, have been shown to be protective against stress disorders. Methods: In this study, we investigated whether two different models of stress act differently on ovariectomized (OVX) rats and the impact of estrogen on physical or psychological stress-induced impairments in cognitive-behaviors. Adult female Wistar rats at 21�22 weeks of age were utilized for this investigation. Sham and OVX rats were subjected to physical and psychological stress for 1 hr/day for 7 days, and cognitive performance was assessed using morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests. The open field and elevated plus maze tests (EPM) evaluated exploratory and anxiety-like behaviors. Results: In sham and OVX rats, both physical and psychological stressors were associated with an increase in EPM-determined anxiety-like behavior. OVX rats exhibited decreased explorative behavior in comparison with nonstressed sham rats (p <.05). Both physical stress and psychological stress resulted in disrupted spatial cognition as assayed in the MWM (p <.05) and impaired learning and memory as determined by the PA test when the OVX and sham groups were compared with the nonstressed sham group. Estrogen increased explorative behavior, learning and memory (p <.05), and decreased anxiety-like behavior compared with vehicle in OVX rats exposed to either type of stressor. Conclusions: When taken together, estrogen and both stressors had opposite effects on memory, anxiety, and PA performance in a rat model of menopause, which has important implications for potential protective effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women exposed to chronic stress. © 2021 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LL

The Combination Effects of Resveratrol and Swimming HIIT Exercise on Novel Object Recognition and Open-field Tasks in Aged Rats

Introduction: Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol abundant in grapes and red wine, has been reported to exert numerous bene�cial health effects in the body. High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIT) is a form of interval training that provides improved athletic capacity and has a protective effect on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of swimming HIIT and Resveratrol supplementation on behavioral function in Novel object recognition and open-field tests in aged rats. Methods: A total of 45 aged male Wistar rats with an age of 20 months were randomly assigned into five groups of control (C), swimming HIIT (SW-HIIT), swimming HIIT with Resveratrol supplementation (SW-HIIT-R), Resveratrol supplementation (R), and solvent of Resveratrol supplementation (SR). There was also another group that included young animals (2-month-old) and was used to compare with older animals. Swimming HIIT and Resveratrol supplementation groups performed the exercise and received Resveratrol (10 mg/kg/day, gavage) for six weeks. Novel object recognition and open-field tests were used for evaluating the behavioral functions in animals. Results: The results showed that HIIT and Resveratrol significantly improved recognition memory compared to old animals. Moreover, it seems that HIIT and Resveratrol partly could modulate anxiety-like behaviors compared to old animals in the open-field test. © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Inhibition of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) ameliorates cognitive performance and synaptic plasticity impairments in animal model of Alzheimer�s diseases

Introduction: Alzheimer�s disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder accompanied with synaptic failures and decline in cognitive and learning processes. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is the major thrombin receptor in the brain that is implicated in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. In the current study, we hypothesized that inhibition of PAR1 would theoretically prevent amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in the brain and then contribute to reduce risk of AD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of PAR1 inhibition by using SCH (as an inhibitor of PAR1) on spatial learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in rat model of Alzheimer�s disease. Methods: For the induction of Alzheimer�s disease, amyloid beta (Aβ) 1�42 was injected in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The rats were divided into four groups: group I (surgical sham); group II rat mode of Alzheimer�s disease (AD); group III (SCH) (25 μg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.), and group IV (AD + SCH). After 14 days of protocol, the rats in group III received SCH and 30 min after injection behavioral and electrophysiological tests were performed. Learning and memory ability was assessed by Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Extracellular evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) were recorded in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 area. Results: Our results showed that AD rats showed impairments in learning and memory, and long-term potentiation (LTP) was not induced in these rats. However, injection of SCH overcame the AD-induced impairment in LTP generation in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and improved learning and memory impairment. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature