International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

The Impact of Price Display Size on Processing and Evaluation of Comparative Price Advertisements

We examine the effect of changes in the font size of price information in print advertisements where both regular and sale price information is provided. Using a diagnosticity/accessibility framework, we show that such changes affect purchase intentions but through different moderating variables. Increasing the relative font size of regular price information positively affects the normal price estimate of an individual. Similarly, increasing the sale price font size results in increased message processing. However, the two effects cannot be had simultaneously. [to cite]

The Impact of Shopping Agents on Small Business E-Commerce Strategy

As the amount of information available to online consumers has grown, so has the need for tools to help consumers organize that information meaningfully to help them make helter decisions. One outcome of the online information explosion is the growing popularity of computer-based intelligent shopping agents. A shopping agent is a computer-based program that facilitates decisions on behalf of the consumer. This paper provides small business owners with an introduction to intelligent shopping agents, presents examples of how these agents help consumers at various stages of the decision-making process, discusses the issues that small businesses need to address regarding agents, and offers recommendations for small businesses' agent usage

National Brand-Private Brand Strategic Alliances through Ingredient Branding: An Exploratory Empirical Evaluation

The year given (1996) is an estimate.Can using a national brand ingredient benefit a private brand without hurting the national brand? An experiment showed that a private brand with a name brand ingredient was perceived more positively. However, the national brand was not diminished by the association with the private brand. Implications and future research directions are discussed.Vaidyanathan, Rajiv; Brown, Mark G. (1996). National Brand-Private Brand Strategic Alliances through Ingredient Branding: An Exploratory Empirical Evaluation. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/264777

Evaluating Patient Preferences for Different Incentive Programs to Optimize Pharmacist-Provided Patient Care Program Enrollment

BACKGROUND: Employers have increased efforts to engage employees in health and wellness programs. Providing employees with incentives to participate in these programs has been shown to improve overall enrollment and engagement. One program that has had challenges with enrollment and engagement is medication therapy management (MTM). OBJECTIVES: To (a) determine how individuals evaluate different financial incentives to improve participation in an MTM program and (b) measure the effect of participant characteristics on incentive preference. METHODS: This study was composed of a paper-based survey administered to participants after focus group sessions. Participants included MTMeligible beneficiaries from 2 employer groups and included MTM-naive and MTM-experienced participants. Incentive preference was measured based on 3 bipolar scales that compared 3 incentives: $100 gift certificates,$8 copay reduction for 6 months, and $100 added to paycheck. RESULTS: A total of 72 participants completed the survey: 34 participants were MTM experienced, and 38 were MTM naive. Overall participant preference reporting resulted in inconsistencies. Copay reduction was preferred to a gift certificate (55.6% vs. 37.5%); money in paycheck was preferred over copay reduction (48.6% vs. 40.3%); and gift certificates were preferred over money in paycheck (56.9% vs. 22.2%). However, subgroup analysis resulted in a more consistent preference reporting, with MTMexperienced participants consistently preferring copay reduction over gift certificates (67.6% vs. 23.5%) and money in paycheck (55.9% vs. 29.4%). MTM-naive participants preferred a gift certificate over copay reduction (51.4% vs. 44.7%) and cash in paycheck (68.4% vs. 23.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that gift certificates were preferred by MTM-naive participants, which supports the use of gift certificates as an incentive for MTM-naive patients to enroll in an MTM program. Conversely, the use of a copay reduction program was preferred by MTMexperienced participants, suggesting that it may be ideal for participants already enrolled in an MTM program. The results suggest the potential value of using multiple forms of incentives to attract MTM-naive and experienced beneficiaries