STATISTICAL DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER BY MAMMOGRAM IMAGE

Objective: To create awareness about the breast cancer which has become one of the most common diseases among women that leads to death if not recognized at early stage.Methods: The technique of acquiring breast image is called mammography and is a diagnostic and screening tool to detect cancer. A cascade algorithm based on these statistical parameters is implemented on these mammogram images to segregate normal, benign, and malignant diseases.Results: Statistical features - such as mean, median, standard deviation, perimeter, and skewness - were extracted from mammogram images to describe their intensity and nature of distribution using ImageJ.Conclusion: A noninvasive technique which includes statistical features to determine and classify normal, benign, and malignant images are identified.Keywords: Breast cancer, Benign, Malignant, Mammogram image, ImageJ

Voltammetric reduction of acetophenone on metal and glassy carbon electrodes

Voltammetric behaviour of acetophenone reduction on glassy carbon (GC) and lead electrodes were investigated in acid, neutral and alkaline media and the results were also compared with the literature data on Hg electrode. In alkaline media, the elec. troreduction on GC electrode takes place at a much more negative potential as compared to metal electrodes. In acidic medium the electroreduction takes place at closer potential ranges on all the three electrodes. Theoretically on the basis of lower densi. ty of states of electron on carbon electrodes, a much slower charge transfer rate on GC electrode should be expected unde~ all the conditions. The experimental observations of the present work is explained by assuming that the acidic surface functional groups present on GC surface catalyses the electroreduction of acetophenone in acid mediu

The abdominal aorta and its branches: anatomical variations and clinical implications

Background: Vascular variations regarding the branching pattern of the aorta are important in different laparoscopic surgeries, liver and kidney transplantation, oncologic resections, and various interventional radiological procedures in the abdominal region. The present work was undertaken on cadavers to examine the prevalence of vascular patterns of the important branches of the abdominal aorta. Material and methods: A total of 50 properly embalmed and formalin fixed cadavers were dissected in the abdominal region, and viscera were mobilised to expose the origin of important branches of the abdominal aorta. Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, right and left renal, left and right gonadal arteries, and the division of the abdominal aorta into right and left common iliac arteries were observed regarding their level of origin and for presence of any anatomical variations. Results: The celiac trunk origin was located at the level of the T12 vertebra in 64% of cadavers, superior mesenteric at L1 in 76%, inferior mesenteric at L3 in 68%, left and right renal at L1 in 82% and 80%, respectively, and left and right gonadal at L2 in 84% and 86%, respectively; whereas the aortic bifurcation was most common at the level of the L4 vertebra in 54% of cadavers. Important anatomical variations were photographed. Conclusions: Defective fusion of the vitelline arteries during the embryonic stage resulted in the aforementioned anatomical variations. Knowledge of aortic variations is useful for appropriate radio diagnostic interventions and is helpful to decrease complications like vascular bleeding while ligating and anastomosing blood vessels, which is an integral part of many abdominal surgeries. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 4: 282–286

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies of a novel vanadium dodecylamino phosphate

AbstractA novel vanadium dodecylamino phosphate was synthesized by mixing phosphoric acid and vanadyl acetylacetonate with dodecylamine at ambient temperature. The material was characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques to know its morphological and structural characteristics. The biological activity of the material toward antimicrobial, nematicidal, DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity has been screened. The material exhibits moderate to good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The percentage mortality on Meloidogyne incognita nematode was found to increase with increase in concentration of VDDAP at 48h. Further, the material was investigated for cytotoxicity on human cancer cell lines such as cervix (HeLa), leukemia (HL60) and breast (MCF7). The cells were dosed with varying concentrations of the VDDAP and cell viability was measured by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay to determine their GI50 values. Interestingly, the compound shows GI50 values of 25.4μgmL−1 (HeLa), 29.1μgmL−1 (MCF7) and a superior value of 11.6μgmL−1 (HL60) respectively. The DNA cleavage activity of the material was investigated using agarose gel electrophoresis

Anomalous origin of the left vertebral artery from the arch of the aorta: review of the literature and a case report

The present report describes an anomalous case of the left vertebral artery arising from the aortic arch between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery in a male cadaver during dissection in an anatomical laboratory. Aortic origin of the vertebral artery is a rare anatomic variant. Detailed knowledge of anomalous origin is important for patients who undergo four-vessel angiography. Normally, the vertebral artery arises from the first part of the subclavian artery on both sides. We also review the anomalous origin of the vertebral artery in the literature and discuss its clinical significance. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 4: 258-260

Mechanical properties evaluation of sisal fibre reinforced polymer composites: a review

Recently, growing environmental impact associated with production, disposal and recycling of synthetic fibre based polymer composites triggers the development of ecofriendly composite for various applications such as automotive, marine, chemical, Infrastructure, sporting goods etc. Among many natural fibres like kenaf, jute, oil palm, cotton, flax, banana and hemp, sisal are gaining attention as they are abundantly available, cheaper, eco-friendly and possess remarkable and satisfactory mechanical properties to hemp, banana and jute. Sisal fibre will play a key role to fabricate a varied range of structural and non-structural industrial products with different polymer matrix. This review article deals the mechanical properties of sisal fibre and the several factors influencing the mechanical properties of its polymer composites, such as fibre loadings, fibre length, fibre architecture, chemical treatments and hybridization by incorporating different natural/synthetic fibre/fillers or additive, according to the application and strength requirements. Attempt also been made to investigate the effect of water absorption, chemical concentration, exposure time, filler weight% and individual fibre loading % in the hybrid configuration on the mechanical properties. Overall present review article was designed to explore, highlights and gathered the previous reported studies directing the mechanical properties of sisal fibre and its polymer composites to provide a perfect source of data and literature for doing future research to reveal it as construction and building materials like synthetic fibres

The generation of influenza-specific humoral responses is impaired in ST6Gal I-deficient mice.

Posttranslational modification of proteins, such as glycosylation, can impact cell signaling and function. ST6Gal I, a glycosyltransferase expressed by B cells, catalyzes the addition of alpha-2,6 sialic acid to galactose, a modification found on N-linked glycoproteins such as CD22, a negative regulator of B cell activation. We show that SNA lectin, which binds alpha-2,6 sialic acid linked to galactose, shows high binding on plasma blasts and germinal center B cells following viral infection, suggesting ST6Gal I expression remains high on activated B cells in vivo. To understand the relevance of this modification on the antiviral B cell immune response, we infected ST6Gal I(-/-) mice with influenza A/HKx31. We demonstrate that the loss of ST6Gal I expression results in similar influenza infectivity in the lung, but significantly reduced early influenza-specific IgM and IgG levels in the serum, as well as significantly reduced numbers of early viral-specific Ab-secreting cells. At later memory time points, ST6Gal I(-/-) mice show comparable numbers of IgG influenza-specific memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells, with similarly high antiviral IgG titers, with the exception of IgG2c. Finally, we adoptively transfer purified B cells from wild-type or ST6Gal I(-/-) mice into B cell-deficient (microMT(-/-)) mice. Recipient mice that received ST6Gal I(-/-) B cells demonstrated reduced influenza-specific IgM levels, but similar levels of influenza-specific IgG, compared with mice that received wild-type B cells. These data suggest that a B cell intrinsic defect partially contributes to the impaired antiviral humoral response

Effect of Ayurvedic Treatment Modalities on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Recurrent pregnancy Loss is defined as the sequence of 2 or more spontaneous abortions as documented by either sonography or on histopathology before 20 weeks. It is a relatively common event, occurring in 15%-25% of pregnancies, and increasing in prevalence with maternal age. The causes of recurrent abortion are complex & obscure. More than one factor may operate in a case. Identification and treatment of problems significantly increases the successful outcome in most cases. Recurrent pregnancy loss can be correlated with Puthraghni Yonivyapath and Garbhasravivandhya explained in Ayurvedic classics. Puthraghni is a clinical entity characterised by repeated pregnancy loss due to excessive intake of Rooksha Ahara and Vihara which results in repeated pregnancy losses. Ayurveda advises to do Shodhana Karma or purificatory therapies ending with Uttara Vasthi in recurrent losses. The study design was Prospective single arm interventional study conducted in the OPD and IPD of Govt. Ayurveda college hospital for Women and Children, Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram with the study population of females of age group 20-38, diagnosed with RPL. IP management was done for 1 month followed by internal administration of Phala Sarpis as Vicharana Snehapana 10ml twice daily morning and evening ½ hour before food and Vilwadi Gulika 1 tab twice daily after food was also given for 2 months. After 15 months after the follow up period, Statistical analysis was done and Percentage of live births was assessed. Even though percentage of live births is 42.3, the success rate can be considered as 46.15% as the 1 patient to be delivered has completed 34 weeks of gestation and successfully continuing the pregnancy

Differential regulation of NAB corepressor genes in Schwann cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Myelination of peripheral nerves by Schwann cells requires not only the Egr2/Krox-20 transactivator, but also the NGFI-A/Egr-binding (NAB) corepressors, which modulate activity of Egr2. Previous work has shown that axon-dependent expression of Egr2 is mediated by neuregulin stimulation, and NAB corepressors are co-regulated with Egr2 expression in peripheral nerve development. NAB corepressors have also been implicated in macrophage development, cardiac hypertrophy, prostate carcinogenesis, and feedback regulation involved in hindbrain development.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To test the mechanism of NAB regulation in Schwann cells, transfection assays revealed that both <it>Nab1 </it>and <it>Nab2 </it>promoters are activated by Egr2 expression. Furthermore, direct binding of Egr2 at these promoters was demonstrated in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of myelinating sciatic nerve, and binding of Egr2 to the <it>Nab2 </it>promoter was stimulated by neuregulin in primary Schwann cells. Although Egr2 expression activates the <it>Nab2 </it>promoter more highly than <it>Nab1</it>, we surprisingly found that only <it>Nab1 </it>– but not <it>Nab2 </it>– expression levels were reduced in sciatic nerve from Egr2 null mice. Analysis of the <it>Nab2 </it>promoter showed that it is also activated by ETS proteins (Ets2 and Etv1/ER81) and is bound by Ets2 in vivo.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Overall, these results indicate that induction of <it>Nab2 </it>expression in Schwann cells involves not only Egr2, but also ETS proteins that are activated by neuregulin stimulation. Although <it>Nab1 </it>and <it>Nab2 </it>play partially redundant roles, regulation of <it>Nab2 </it>expression by ETS factors explains several observations regarding regulation of NAB genes. Finally, these data suggest that NAB proteins are not only feedback inhibitors of Egr2, but rather that co-induction of Egr2 and NAB genes is involved in forming an Egr2/NAB complex that is crucial for regulation of gene expression.</p

Is High Flow Nasal Oxygenation a Game Changer in Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: A pilot study

Objectives: A pilot observational study was done to compare High Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO) and supraglottic airway device (SAD) technique in patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and transbronchial needle aspiration procedures (TBNA) with an objective to evaluate the efficacy of HFNO&nbsp; in oncological patients. Methods:&nbsp; The study was conducted in a tertiary cancer center in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman from May 2022 to March 2023.&nbsp; Consecutive patients undergoing EBUS TBNA under moderate sedation were quasi-randomized into HFNO and SAD groups. The episodes and duration of hypoxia and the lowest level of oxygen saturation were the primary outcome measured. Results: A total of twenty-four patients were taken into the study of which 10 were in the HFNO group and 14 were in the SAD group with an equal number of males and females.&nbsp; The duration of the procedure in both the groups was similar (45±20 mins in HFNO vs 44±17 in the SAD group). Mean lowest oxygen saturation in the HFNO group was (93.5%±4), which was statistically significant in comparison to the SAD group (90±6). In both groups, the maximum hypoxia occurred during the early phase of the procedure. However, both the groups were similar for the cumulative duration of hypotension (140 secs in HFNO vs 55 secs in SAD) and bradycardia (25 secs in HFNO vs. 40 secs in SAD). Conclusion: HFNO can be a good alternative to the SAD and could be used safely and efficiently in the cohort of population in patients undergoing EBUS TBNA. Keywords: High flow nasal oxygenation; Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration; Supraglottic airway devices