74 research outputs found

    Development of Grb2 SH2 Domain Signaling Antagonists: A Potential New Class of Antiproliferative Agents

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    Aberrant signaling through protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent pathways is associated with several proliferative diseases. Accordingly, PTK inhibitors are being developed as new approaches for the treatment of certain cancers. Growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (Grb2) is an important downstream mediator of PTK signaling that serves obligatory roles in many pathogenic processes. One of the primary functions of Grb2 is to bind to specific phosphotyrosyl (pTyr)-containing sequences through its Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. Agents that bind to the Grb2 SH2 domain and prevent its normal function could disrupt associated PTK signaling and serve as alternatives to kinase-directed inhibitors. Starting from the X-ray crystal structure of a lead peptide bound to the Grb2 SH2 domain, this review will summarize important contributions to these efforts. The presentation will be thematically arranged according to the region of peptide modified, proceeding from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, with a special section devoted to aspects of conformational constraint

    A human glomerular SAGE transcriptome database

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    Background: To facilitate in the identification of gene products important in regulating renal glomerular structure and function, we have produced an annotated transcriptome database for normal human glomeruli using the SAGE approach. Description: The database contains 22,907 unique SAGE tag sequences, with a total tag count of 48,905. For each SAGE tag, the ratio of its frequency in glomeruli relative to that in 115 non-glomerular tissues or cells, a measure of transcript enrichment in glomeruli, was calculated. A total of 133 SAGE tags representing well-characterized transcripts were enriched 10-fold or more in glomeruli compared to other tissues. Comparison of data from this study with a previous human glomerular Sau3A-anchored SAGE library reveals that 47 of the highly enriched transcripts are common to both libraries. Among these are the SAGE tags representing many podocyte-predominant transcripts like WT-1, podocin and synaptopodin. Enrichment of podocyte transcript tags SAGE library indicates that other SAGE tags observed at much higher frequencies in this glomerular compared to non-glomerular SAGE libraries are likely to be glomerulus-predominant. A higher level of mRNA expression for 19 transcripts represented by glomerulus-enriched SAGE tags was verified by RT-PCR comparing glomeruli to lung, liver and spleen. Conclusions: The database can be retrieved from, or interrogated online at http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/SAGE. The annotated database is also provided as an additional file with gene identification for 9,022, and matches to the human genome or transcript homologs in other species for 1,433 tags. It should be a useful tool for in silico mining of glomerular gene expression

    New roles for renin and prorenin in heart failure and cardiorenal crosstalk

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    The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of heart failure and cardiorenal interaction. Drugs interfering in the RAAS form the pillars in treatment of heart failure and cardiorenal syndrome. Although RAAS inhibitors improve prognosis, heart failure–associated morbidity and mortality remain high, especially in the presence of kidney disease. The effect of RAAS blockade may be limited due to the loss of an inhibitory feedback of angiotensin II on renin production. The subsequent increase in prorenin and renin may activate several alternative pathways. These include the recently discovered (pro-) renin receptor, angiotensin II escape via chymase and cathepsin, and the formation of various angiotensin subforms upstream from the blockade, including angiotensin 1–7, angiotensin III, and angiotensin IV. Recently, the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren has been proven effective in reducing plasma renin activity (PRA) and appears to provide additional (tissue) RAAS blockade on top of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin receptor blockers, underscoring the important role of renin, even (or more so) under adequate RAAS blockade. Reducing PRA however occurs at the expense of an increase plasma renin concentration (PRC). PRC may exert direct effects independent of PRA through the recently discovered (pro-) renin receptor. Additional novel possibilities to interfere in the RAAS, for instance using vitamin D receptor activation, as well as the increased knowledge on alternative pathways, have revived the question on how ideal RAAS-guided therapy should be implemented. Renin and prorenin are pivotal since these are at the base of all of these pathways

    Modélisation du systÚme hydrographique du delta du Yangtze pour la prévision opérationnelle des inondations de Shanghai

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    La ville de ShanghaĂŻ construite sur le delta du YangtzĂ© vit sous la menace permanente des inondations. En complĂ©ment des moyens de protection structurants existants, un systĂšme de gestion opĂ©rationnelle des risques d'inondation vient d'ĂȘtre dĂ©veloppĂ© et installĂ©. Ce systĂšme comporte un module de prĂ©vision temps rĂ©el qui met en oeuvre une simulation des Ă©coulements dans le rĂ©seau hydrographique du delta du YangtzĂ©. Cet article dĂ©crit la modĂ©lisation dĂ©terministe sur laquelle s'appuie cette simulation et les techniques mises en oeuvre pour assurer la robustesse et la fiabilitĂ© de la simulation dans le contexte opĂ©rationnel d'une prĂ©vision temps-rĂ©el.Rahuel J. L., Erlich Marc, Chaillet P. ModĂ©lisation du systĂšme hydrographique du delta du Yangtze pour la prĂ©vision opĂ©rationnelle des inondations de Shanghai. In: L'eau, l'homme et la nature. 24Ăšmes journĂ©es de l'hydraulique. CongrĂšs de la SociĂ©tĂ© Hydrotechnique de France. Paris, 18-19-20 septembre 1996. 1996

    18 -Développement et transfert international des technologies avancées dans le domaine de la télématique pour l'environnement -L'expérience du L.H.F.

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    Depuis sa crĂ©ation en 1987, en poursuivant la tradition de SOGREAH dans ce domaine, le «fond de commerce » du LHF a consistĂ© Ă  Ă©laborer et implanter , dans le domaine des ressources en eau, des applications des Technologies d’informations et des Communications (TIC) intĂ©grĂ©es avec l’hydraulique et l’hydrologie. Notamment en forgeant, avec d’autres sociĂ©tĂ©s et instituts europĂ©ens, la nouvelle technologie qui n’est pas une application des TIC aux ressources en eau mais plutĂŽt une intĂ©gration synergique des deux : Hydroinformatique. Cette activitĂ© innovante a permis au LHF d’influencer jusqu’à un certain point l’évolution de la pensĂ©e dans le domaine de l’eau en France, d’une part, et de porter les idĂ©es et les solutions de l’Ecole française de l’Eau Ă  l’étranger, d’autre part. Pour illustrer ces propos quatre points suivants sont exposĂ©s dans cet article : participation Ă  la dĂ©finition et Ă  l’exĂ©cution du 4e Programme Cadre de Recherche et DĂ©veloppement (PCRD )de l’Union EuropĂ©enne ; mise en place des systĂšmes Hydro informatique s opĂ©rationnels (gestion des risques d’inondation Ă  Shanghai ) ou prototypes (prĂ©vision des crues Ă©clairs en France ), dĂ©veloppement des mĂ©thodologies et de systĂšmes hydroinformatiques nouveaux, porteurs de l’avenir opĂ©rationnel : gestion de pollutions agricoles (EUREKA/ISMAP), mĂ©thodes d’interprĂ©tation des rĂ©sultats d’ Ă©tudes fondĂ©es sur la logique floue , une nouvelle approche bi-dimensionnelle des Ă©tudes fluviales.Cunge Jean A., Erlich Marc, Rahuel J. L. 18 -DĂ©veloppement et transfert international des technologies avancĂ©es dans le domaine de la tĂ©lĂ©matique pour l'environnement -L'expĂ©rience du L.H.F. In: L'Ă©cole française de l'eau au service du dĂ©veloppement mondial. CongrĂšs de la SociĂ©tĂ© Hydrotechnique de France. 25Ăšmes journĂ©es de l'hydraulique. ChambĂ©ry, du 15 au 18 septembre 1996. Tome 2, 1998

    24. - Shanghai : Gestion prévisionnelle des inondations

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    SHANGHAI, 13 millions d’habitants, premier centre Ă©conomique de la Chine, vit en permanence sous la menace des inondations. En complĂ©ment de moyens de protection structurants dĂ©jĂ  mis en place, un systĂšme intĂ©grĂ© de gestion et de prĂ©vision des risques hydrologiques est actuellement en cours de rĂ©alisation dans le cadre d'une coopĂ©ration entre l'Europe (CGE-DGXIII) et la Chine. Les composantes matĂ©rielles et logicielles de ce systĂšme basĂ© sur les technologies de l'information et des tĂ©lĂ©communications, sont prĂ©cisĂ©es dans l'article. Les modĂšles utilisĂ©s pour la prĂ©vision des inondations y sont notamment dĂ©crits ainsi que leur intĂ©gration dans le systĂšme.Rahuel J. L., NĂšgre Jean-Louis, Cunge Jean A. 24. - Shanghai : Gestion prĂ©visionnelle des inondations. In: Crues et inondations. 23Ăšmes journĂ©es de l'hydraulique. CongrĂšs de la SociĂ©tĂ© Hydrotechnique de France. Nimes (France), 14-15-16 septembre 1994. Tome 2, 1994
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