Micro- spherical SnO2/Zn2SnO4: Synthesis, heat treatment and photocatalytic efficiency for decolorization of two dye mixture in wastewater

In the present work, a new micro- spherical SnO2/Zn2SnO4 via a refluxing method has been synthesized.   The heat treatment of the product was carried out at 500 and 900 ºC for 1 h. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectrophotometer and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The SnO2/Zn2SnO4 sample was formed after heat treatment at 900 ºC for 1h.  The average diameter of micro- spheres of about ~2.7 µm were obtained. The photocatalytic activity of the sample by decolorization of two dye mixture- methylene blue (M.B.) and methyl orange (M.O.) was evaluated under UV-Vis. irradiation. The result showed that the SnO2/Zn2SnO4 sample is capable to decolorize (M.B.) and (M.O.) in dye mixture solution

Stress Coping Styles in Family and Relatives of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in the South of Iran:Application of Lazarus and Folkman’s Theory of Stress Coping

Background: The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major challenge for mental health care systems and causes and exacerbates mental anxiety. Objective: This study sought to investigate the coping styles of stress in families and relatives of COVID-19 patients in the south of Iran, according to Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional theory of Stress coping model. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed in the period from March 5 to July 5, 2020. Data collection was done electronically using a standard questionnaire on Lazarus and Folkman’s coping methods. Finally, the output data of the electronic questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 276 people participated in the present study. There was a statistically significant difference between age and all emotion-oriented coping style domains (P &lt;0.05), except planful problem solving (P = 0.817) and positive reappraisal (P = 0.153). The results of the present study showed that from the emotion-oriented coping, the domain of self-controlling (%55.9) received an unfavorable score, but in the problem-oriented coping (60.02%), the two domains of social support (%71.27) and positive reappraisal (70%) obtained scores above 50%. Conclusion: Families and relatives need help to improve coping with stress in the area of self-controlling. The results of the present study showed that emotion-oriented coping (self-controlling) had less effect on family stress than problem-oriented coping (domains of social support and positive reappraisal). Also, with domains of social support and positive reappraisal, the stress in the families was reduced. Factors influencing coping styles were age, literacy, source of information, and underlying disease. Since the COVID-19 pandemic condition is a unique stressful situation, it is necessary to implement psychological and educational interventions to gain the ability to control stress, especially in relatives with COVID-19.</p

Stress coping styles in family and relatives of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the South of Iran : application of Lazarus and Folkman’s theory of stress coping

AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS : The data supporting the findings of the article is available from corresponding author [E.M] upon reasonable request.BACKGROUND : The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major challenge for mental health care systems and causes and exacerbates mental anxiety. OBJECTIVE : This study sought to investigate the coping styles of stress in families and relatives of COVID-19 patients in the south of Iran, according to Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional theory of Stress coping model. METHODS : The present cross-sectional study was performed in the period from March 5 to July 5, 2020. Data collection was done electronically using a standard questionnaire on Lazarus and Folkman’s coping methods. Finally, the output data of the electronic questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS : A total of 276 people participated in the present study. There was a statistically significant difference between age and all emotion-oriented coping style domains (P <0.05), except planful problem solving (P = 0.817) and positive reappraisal (P = 0.153). The results of the present study showed that from the emotion-oriented coping, the domain of self-controlling (%55.9) received an unfavorable score, but in the problem-oriented coping (60.02%), the two domains of social support (%71.27) and positive reappraisal (70%) obtained scores above 50%. CONCLUSION : Families and relatives need help to improve coping with stress in the area of self-controlling. The results of the present study showed that emotionoriented coping (self-controlling) had less effect on family stress than problem-oriented coping (domains of social support and positive reappraisal). Also, with domains of social support and positive reappraisal, the stress in the families was reduced. Factors influencing coping styles were age, literacy, source of information, and underlying disease. Since the COVID-19 pandemic condition is a unique stressful situation, it is necessary to implement psychological and educational interventions to gain the ability to control stress, especially in relatives with COVID-19.https://openpublichealthjournal.comam2023Statistic

Indicators of Quality of Care in Individuals With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review

Study Design: Scoping review. Objectives: To identify a practical and reproducible approach to organize Quality of Care Indicators (QoCI) in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Date: May 2018), MEDLINE (1946 to May 2018), and EMBASE (1974 to May 2018). Two independent reviewers screened 6092 records and included 262 full texts, among which 60 studies were included for qualitative analysis. We included studies, with no language restriction, containing at least 1 quality of care indicator for individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury. Each potential indicator was evaluated in an online, focused group discussion to define its categorization (healthcare system structure, medical process, and individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury related outcomes), definition, survey options, and scale. Results: A total of 87 indicators were identified from 60 studies screened using our eligibility criteria. We defined each indicator. Out of 87 indicators, 37 appraised the healthcare system structure, 30 evaluated medical processes, and 20 included individuals with TSCI related outcomes. The healthcare system structure included the impact of the cost of hospitalization and rehabilitation, as well as staff and patient perception of treatment. The medical processes included targeting physical activities for improvement of health-related outcomes and complications. Changes in motor score, functional independence, and readmission rates were reported as individuals with TSCI-related outcomes indicators. Conclusion: Indicators of quality of care in the management of individuals with TSCI are important for health policy strategists to standardize healthcare assessment, for clinicians to improve care, and for data collection efforts including registries

Pulmonary hypertension: intensification and personalization of combination Rx (PHoenix): a phase IV randomized trial for the evaluation of dose‐response and clinical efficacy of riociguat and selexipag using implanted technologies

Approved therapies for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) mediate pulmonary vascular vasodilatation by targeting distinct biological pathways. International guidelines recommend that patients with an inadequate response to dual therapy with a phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitor (PDE5i) and endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), are recommended to either intensify oral therapy by adding a selective prostacyclin receptor (IP) agonist (selexipag), or switching from PDE5i to a soluble guanylate‐cyclase stimulator (sGCS; riociguat). The clinical equipoise between these therapeutic choices provides the opportunity for evaluation of individualized therapeutic effects. Traditionally, invasive/hospital‐based investigations are required to comprehensively assess disease severity and demonstrate treatment benefits. Regulatory‐approved, minimally invasive monitors enable equivalent measurements to be obtained while patients are at home. In this 2 × 2 randomized crossover trial, patients with PAH established on guideline‐recommended dual therapy and implanted with CardioMEMS™ (a wireless pulmonary artery sensor) and ConfirmRx™ (an insertable cardiac rhythm monitor), will receive ERA + sGCS, or PDEi + ERA + IP agonist. The study will evaluate clinical efficacy via established clinical investigations and remote monitoring technologies, with remote data relayed through regulatory‐approved online clinical portals. The primary aim will be the change in right ventricular systolic volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from baseline to maximal tolerated dose with each therapy. Using data from MRI and other outcomes, including hemodynamics, physical activity, physiological measurements, quality of life, and side effect reporting, we will determine whether remote technology facilitates early evaluation of clinical efficacy, and investigate intra‐patient efficacy of the two treatment approaches

Correlation of Moral Courage and Organizational Commitment in Operating Room Nurses

Objective: Moral courage distinguishes real moralists from hypocrites and indicates the commitment of nurses to their patients. Organizational commitment can also influence this commitment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation between moral courage and organizational commitment of operating room nurses working in the teaching hospitals of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 136 operating room nurses who were selected using the convenience sampling method. The required data were collected through demographic information form, the organizational commitment questionnaire of Allen and Myer, and the professional moral courage scale by Sekerka and colleagues. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) for descriptive and correlational analyses. Results: The mean scores of moral courage and organizational commitment of operating room nurses were 62.5±6.5 and 101.86±13.7, respectively. Moreover, moral courage did not have a statistically significant relationship with organizational commitment (P>0.05). The moral courage and organizational commitment of the participants differed significantly in terms of their type of employment (P<0.05) and age (P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Given the high mean score of moral courage and organizational commitment in operating room nurses, it can be said that nurses tend to show moral behaviors. On the other hand, the low score of the endurance of threat indicates that operating room nurses do not receive the necessary support from the organization for their courageous behavior. Therefore, the support of senior managers is essential for the occurrence of such behaviors

Spiritual Intelligence and Post-abortion Depression: A Coping Strategy

Loss of pregnancy is a major stressor which can cause mental disorders. In stressful conditions, spiritual intelligence can be used as a coping strategy to manage and cope with the stressor. It may also produce positive outcomes in spontaneous abortion. This study aimed to assess the relationship of spiritual intelligence with depression after spontaneous abortion. This crosssectional descriptive-correlational study was done in 2015–2016 on 185 women with spontaneous abortion who were hospitalized in the postnatal care ward of Kowsar teaching hospital, Qazvin, Iran. Data collection was performed in two steps. In the first step, a demographic and obstetric characteristics questionnaire and the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory were completed by participants during their hospital stay. In the second step, i.e., 7 days after spontaneous abortion, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was completed for each participant over the phone. Variables which were found in univariate analysis to have a significant correlation with depression were entered into multiple logistic regression analysis to assess their roles in predicting depression. Most women were depressed (54%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the significant predictors of depression were women’s educational status (OR 0.419; CI 0.18–0.93), gestational age at the time of abortion (OR 1.121; CI 1.02–1.22), and the personal meaning production dimension of spiritual intelligence (OR 0.82; CI 0.73–0.91). Spiritual intelligence is significantly correlated with post-abortion depression. Developing and following strategies for promoting spiritual intelligence can alleviate depression, stress, and anxiety after spontaneous abortion and also help manage complicated pregna