Development and Validation of Method for the Estimation of Telmisartan as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Tablet Dosage form and Prepared Spherical Agglomerates by RP-HPLC

The Present work was designed to develop and validate an accurate, precise and rapid method for the estimation of Telmisartan as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) as well as in tablet dosage form and prepared spherical agglomerates by RP-HPLC. The developed method was found to be simple, accurate, precise and sensitive. The separation was achieved on an Isocratic High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (Thermo Scientific) using pumps Jasco PU 2080 Plus, UV detector, column oven (Jasco), and a Reverse Phase C-18 (phenyl) Column (25 cm x 4.6 mm) i.d., particle size 5 μm. The HPLC system was run with flow rate: 0.8 ml/min Injection Volume: 10μl and run time: 10 min, Detector temp: 40 oC. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, and accuracy, robustness, LOD and LOQ parameters. The recovery range was within the range of 99.0–102.0% and the method could be successfully applied for the routine analysis of the drug substance as well as the spherical agglomerates prepared by crystallo coagglomeration technique

Dental Myths and Taboos: Hurdles to Oral Health

For generations, the dental profession has encountered countless subjects coming up with diverse myths and other illogical beliefs. Most of these have their roots deeply seated in cultural and religious factors. These myths have got a significant impact on oral health of the population, leading to a poor oral health status and ultimately degrading the oral health related quality of life. There is an urgent need to break this chain of unreasoned concepts that is being passed from one generation to the next. It is a difficult task but not impossible. The requirement of the hour is to impart dental health education at grass root level for behavioural modification and dissolving the irrational beliefs for increasing oral health awareness and dental care utilization rate

Evaluation of the protective effect of Prunus amagdylus against aluminium chloride induced neurochemical alterations and spatial memory deficits in rats

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Prunus amagdylus nut kernels against aluminium chloride induced spatial memory deficits in rats.Methods: Plant material was extracted, and extracts were evaluated for anti-oxidants by DPPH method. Animals were divided into four groups of five animals each. Group 1 was normal group and was kept undisturbed. Group 2 was administered with Aluminium Chloride (4.2mg/kg i.p) for 21 successive days. Group 3 and 4 were pre-administered with Prunus amygdalus methanolic extract at dose 0.5 and 1mg/kg/ p.o) one hour prior to aluminium chloride administration. The memory parameters (both acquisition and retrieval) were evaluated using Morris water maze. After behavioural studies, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation and braintissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity were measured. Brain tissues from all the groups were histopathologically evaluated using Haematoxylin-eosin staining.Results: Administration of Aluminium chloride resulted in severe memory deficits and neurochemical alterations as was indicated by significant increase in Transfer Latency (TL) time on Morris water maze and increase in the brain tissue TBARS levels in the control group animals. There was significant reduction in the GSH and catalase levels indicating decreased anti-oxidant defence. Histopathologically, control group animal brain tissue showed signs of neuroinflammation. All behavioural and neurochemical and histopathological changes were prevented to a significant extent in the animal groups pre-treated with Prunus amygdalus extract.Conclusions: Methanolic extract of Prunus amaygdalus possesses protective activity against aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity and associated memory deficits

Dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed yeast and its effect on the performance, intestinal microbiota, and immune response of weaned piglets.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of autolyzed yeast on performance, cecal microbiota, and leukogram of weaned piglets. A total of 96 piglets of commercial line weaned at 21-day-old were used. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four treatments (diets containing 0.0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% autolyzed yeast), eight replicates, and three animals per pen in order to evaluate daily weight gain, daily feed intake, and feed conversion in periods of 0 to 15, 0 to 26, and 0 to 36 days. Quadratic effects of autolyzed yeast inclusion were observed on the feed conversion from 0 to 15 days, on daily weight gain from 0 to 15 days, 0 to 26 days and, 0 to 36 days, indicating an autolyzed yeast optimal inclusion level between 0.4% and 0.5%. No effect from autolyzed yeast addition was observed on piglet daily feed intake, cecal microbiota, and leukogram; however, i.m. application of E. coli lipopolysaccharide reduced the values of total leukocytes and their fractions (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and rods). Therefore, autolyzed yeast when provided at levels between 0.4% and 0.5% improved weaned piglets’ performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Emergency obstetric hysterectomy: a retrospective study from a teaching hospital over three years

   ABSTRACT  BACKGROUND: Objective of present study to evaluate the incidence, indications and complications associated with emergency obstetric hysterectomy.  METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study was conducted in Sm.t. Hira Kunwar Ba Mahila Hospital, Jhalawar attached to Jhalawar medical college between January 2018 to April 2021, and who had and Emergency obstetric hysterectomy during the same admission, were identified from the hospital database.  RESULTS: The incidence of emergency obstetric hysterectomy in our study 0.2 per 1000 deliveries following vaginal deliveries and 0.9 per 1000 deliveries following caesarean deliveries.  The overall incidence was 0.4 per 1000 deliveries. Rupture uterus 5(38.5%) was the most common indications followed by postpartum haemorrhage 4(30.8%) and morbidly adherent placenta 4(30.8%).  CONCLUSIONS: Emergency obstetric hysterectomy is a life saving procedure in those cases where medical management has failed

Haematology reference range evaluation for novel research parameters on the complete blood count analyzer sysmex XN-1000

Background: In the field of haematology, there has been a consistent advancement in technology of the complete blood count (CBC) analyzers and hence, there has been an increase in the number of novel parameters that can be measured on these analysers. To put these newer parameters into routine clinical practice, it is essential to evaluate the reference ranges. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the reference intervals (RI) of the parameters which are calculated by Sysmex XN-1000, especially the newer research parameters. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 150 clinically asymptomatic and apparently healthy individuals were assessed in the study and reference ranges for the same were evaluated on Sysmex XN-1000 CBC analyzer. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for the same. Results: The RIs of CBC parameters were evaluated in 123 adults (65 males and 58 females). Significant gender-dependent differences were found in red blood cells count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin (Hb), platelets and also in reticulocyte Hb and platelet-crit among the newer parameters. The other CBC reference ranges were also assessed from the remaining data. Conclusion: The present study, highlights the significance of different CBC parameters with special emphasis on newer research parameters. Although, the results of the current study are comparable with previous studies; further studies with larger sample sizes are needed for validation purposes in addition to the regional variation pertaining to these parameters

Exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate boosts acclimatization in rats exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia: assessment of haematological and metabolic effects.

The physiological challenges posed by hypobaric hypoxia warrant exploration of pharmacological entities to improve acclimatization to hypoxia. The present study investigates the preclinical efficacy of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) to improve acclimatization to simulated hypobaric hypoxia.Efficacy of intravenously administered S1P in improving haematological and metabolic acclimatization was evaluated in rats exposed to simulated acute hypobaric hypoxia (7620 m for 6 hours) following S1P pre-treatment for three days.Altitude exposure of the control rats caused systemic hypoxia, hypocapnia (plausible sign of hyperventilation) and respiratory alkalosis due to suboptimal renal compensation indicated by an overt alkaline pH of the mixed venous blood. This was associated with pronounced energy deficit in the hepatic tissue along with systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. S1P pre-treatment improved blood oxygen-carrying-capacity by increasing haemoglobin, haematocrit, and RBC count, probably as an outcome of hypoxia inducible factor-1α mediated erythropoiesis and renal S1P receptor 1 mediated haemoconcentation. The improved partial pressure of oxygen in the blood could further restore aerobic respiration and increase ATP content in the hepatic tissue of S1P treated animals. S1P could also protect the animals from hypoxia mediated oxidative stress and inflammation.The study findings highlight S1P's merits as a preconditioning agent for improving acclimatization to acute hypobaric hypoxia exposure. The results may have long term clinical application for improving physiological acclimatization of subjects venturing into high altitude for occupational or recreational purposes

Preparation, characterization, and biological properties of β-glucans

β-Glucans are soluble fibers with physiological functions, such as, interference with absorption of sugars and reduction of serum lipid levels. β-glucans are found in different species, such as, Rhynchelytrum repens, Lentinus edodes, Grifola frondosa, Tremella mesenterica, Tremella aurantia, Zea may, Agaricus blazei, Phellinus baummi, Saccharomyces cerevisae (yeast), and Agaricus blazei murell (mushroom). Analysis of the fractions reveals the presence of arabinose, glucose, xylose, and traces of rhamnose and galactose. The presence of β-glucan in these fractions is confirmed by hydrolyzing the polymers with endo-β-glucanase from Bacillus subtilis, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the characteristic oligosaccharides produced. The 4 M KOH fractions from different tissues are subjected to gel permeation chromatography on Sepharose 4B, with separation of polysaccharides, with different degrees of polymerization, the highest molecular mass (above 2000 kDa) being found in young leaves. The molecular mass of the leaf blade polymers is similar (250 kDa) to that of the maize coleoptiles β-glucan used for comparison. The 4 M KOH fraction injected into rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes has shown hypoglycemic activity, reducing blood sugar to normal levels for approximately 24 hours. This performance is better than that obtained with pure β-glucan from barley, which decreases blood sugar levels for about four hours. These results suggest that the activity of β-glucans is responsible for the use of this plant extract as a hypoglycemic drug in folk medicine