A Educação na Encruzilhada: O Pensamento Conservador da Escola Sem Partido versus o Pensamento Libertador de Paulo Freire

: A primeira proposta do Movimento Escola Sem Partido (MESP) foi elaborada em 2004. Uma década depois, com a eclosão de mobilizações de movimentos conservadores Brasil afora, suas pautas ganham visibilidade midiática e angariam o apoio de parlamentares e de partidos de direita. No ano de 2016, em meio aos acontecimentos que reduziram a discussão política brasileira ao maniqueísmo direita versus esquerda, bem versus mal, patriotas versus impatriotas, as propostas do MESP serviram de baluarte nas discussões do impeachment da presidente Dilma Rousseff. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os desdobramentos desses acontecimentos para a vida educacional dos brasileiros, seja em relação à ação docente, seja em relação à formação das próximas gerações, particularmente no que diz respeito às propostas de controle das atividades docentes conforme propugnado no projeto de lei nº 193/2016, de autoria do senador Magno Malta do Partido Liberal (PL) do Espírito Santo

A GREVE DA VOLKSWAGEN (1979): O DESPERTAR DO NOVO SINDICALISMO E OS MÉTODOS DE CONTROLE DA VIDA OPERÁRIA

Partindo dos acontecimentos que suscitaram as greves de 1979, dos metalúrgicos do ABC paulista, esse artigo investiga as redes de informações e controle criadas pela empresa para vigiar e punir os operários, busca também compreender a lógica de apoio e cooperação desenvolvida entre agentes públicos e privados. Tem como objetivo macro analisar os desdobramentos da crise econômica e política do final da década de 1970 e início de 1980 e daí estudar os elementos que ajudaram a consolidar os métodos e práticas de um novo sindicalismo e, como objetivo específico, proceder à análise dos documentos produzidos pelo Departamento de Segurança da Volkswagen, em colaboração com os agentes do estado

GÊNERO, IDENTIDADE E REVOLUÇÃO NOS TEMPOS DE VARGAS

It seeks to contribute to the understanding of women's participation in the Brazilian revolutionary project. The analytical model intersects the public and private spheres, in the daily life of the home and the street, verifying the limits of the actions of women who became public through political options, contradicting the classic scheme of "man in the square, woman in the house". This is a micro-history, set in the collective universe of the revolutionary struggle, focusing on a group of women who integrated themselves into complex and heterogeneous political programs of leftist revolutionary currents, especially the proto-Trotskyist one. In order to verify the "in-between places" occupied by the "second sex" in the proletarian struggle, this reflection is based on documents found in archives of workers' memory and political police from the 1930s and 1940s.Procura-se contribuir para o entendimento da participação da mulher no projeto revolucionário brasileiro. O modelo analítico entrecruza a esfera pública e a privada, no cotidiano da casa e da rua, verificando os limites da atuação de mulheres que se fizeram públicas, por opções políticas, contrariando o esquema clássico de “homem na praça, mulher na casa”. Trata-se de uma micro-história, inserida no universo coletivo da luta revolucionária, focalizando um grupo de mulheres que se integrou em programas políticos complexos e heterogêneos de correntes revolucionárias de esquerda, em especial na prototrotskista. Com o objetivo de verificar os “entre lugares” ocupados pelo “segundo sexo” na luta proletária, esta reflexão é fundamentada em documentos existentes em arquivos da memória operária e da polícia política das décadas de 1930 e 1940

Educação revolucionária em São Paulo: a "escola proletária" trotskista

Analisa-se a “Escola Proletária” como elemento da política estratégica das correntes da esquerda revolucionária brasileira, de finais do século XIX e primeira metade do século XX. A investigação privilegia a versão dos primeiros trotskistas brasileiros sobre educação popular, registrada em dois cursos oferecidos na sede paulista da União dos Trabalhadores Gráficos, em 1933. Os resultados alcançados indicam que os dissidentes do Partido Comunista viam a necessidade de desenvolver, por meio de uma atividade intensa de proselitismo, a consciência de classe do proletariado, visando à formação de uma vanguarda revolucionária futura e avaliando a escola de elite ou a popular como veículos da ideologia burguesa

Coronal microleakage of endodontically treated teeth with intracanal post exposed to fresh human saliva

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the coronal microleakage of endodontically treated teeth prepared to receive an intracanal post and teeth with an intracanal post but without a prosthetic crown and exposed to contamination by fresh human saliva. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A mechanical-chemical preparation following the step-back technique was carried out in 35 extracted single-rooted human teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups: G1=root canals instrumented, obturated, and prepared to receive an intracanal post (N=10); G2=root canals with cemented posts but without coronal sealing (N=10); PC1=positive control root canals instrumented and open (N=5); PC2=positive control 2 root canals without instrumentation and open (N=5); and NC=negative control healthy teeth (N=5). The crowns were removed except for the control group of intact teeth. The root canals were obturated and sterilized with cobalt 60 gamma irradiation and were then adapted in an apparatus using a Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium and fresh human saliva for contamination. Microbial growth was indicated by the presence of turbidity in the BHI liquid medium. RESULTS: Data were submitted to the Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis and the Holm-Sidak statistic method, which observed an index of 90% of microleakage in root canals after 24 hours for G1 and 70% of microleakage in samples at the end of 40 days for G2. CONCLUSION: The results show that root canals with an intracanal post but without a prosthetic crown can be recontaminated when exposed to fresh human saliva in a short period

Photoelastic Stress Analysis Surrounding Implant-Supported Prosthesis and Alveolar Ridge on Mandibular Overdentures

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the maximum stress around osseointegrated implants and alveolar ridge, in a mandible with left partial resection through a photoelastic mandibular model. The first group consisted of two implants: traditional model (T), implants placed in the position of both canines; fulcrum model (F), implants placed in the position of left canine CL and right lateral incisor LiR. Both models linked through a bar and clips. The second group was consisted of three implants, with implants placed in the position of both canines (CR and CL) and the right lateral incisor (LiR), which composed four groups: (1) model with 3 “O” rings, (2) model 2 ERAs, bar with clips, (3) model 2 ERAs bar without clips; (4) model “O” ring bar and ERA. An axial and an oblique load of 6.8 kgf was applied on a overdenture at the 1st Pm, 2nd Pm, and 1st M. Results showed that the area around the left canine (CL) was practically free of stress; the left lateral incisor (LiL) developed only small tensions, and low stress in all the other cases; the right canine tooth suffered the largest concentrations of stress, mainly with the ERA retention mechanism

Set of usability heuristics for quality assessment of mobile applications on smartphones

The innovations proposed by the cell phone market have grown steadily in recent years, along with the increasing complexity of the hardware, operating systems, and applications available in this market. These changes bring new challenges related to usability that need to be considered during the development process of these applications since the new forms of user-application interactions increasingly require adapting the behavior of smartphone users. In this situation, usability is an important issue that depends on factors such as the Users, their characteristics and abilities, the Task which the users intend to achieve and also the application usage Context. This work presents a systematic literature review with the objective of identifying the heuristics and usability metrics used in the literature and/or industry. Based on the review results, this work presents another contribution with a proposal of a set of usability heuristics focused in mobile applications on smartphones, considering the User, Task and Context as usability factors and Cognitive Load as an important attribute of usability. The components of this set are detailed in a model intended to be used in empirical validations allowing to dynamically incorporate improvements to the proposal

Foramen Magnum in Dogs of Small and Toy Breeds - Morphometric Study

Background: The foramen magnum is located in the occipital bone and communicates the cranial cavity with the spinal canal of the vertebral column. Variations in the shape and size of this foramen, such as the presence of a notch in its dorsal contour, characterize occipital dysplasia and may occur due to a defect in the supraoccipital bone ossification process during the gestational period. Occipital dysplasia has been reported primarily in small, toy, and brachycephalic breeds, and its clinical relevance remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the size of the foramen magnum in asymptomatic dogs of small and toy breeds. Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Center for Rural Health and Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos Campus, located in Paraíba state, Brazil. Twelve (n = 12) asymptomatic, small and toy breed dogs, with variable sex and over 10 months of age, were referred to the Veterinary Hospital for elective surgical procedures and were used in this study. All dogs underwent complete neurological examination to confirm the asymptomatic status and were radiographed in rostrocaudal position, with their mouths closed and the hard palate at an angle of approximately 70º to 80º with the table of the X-ray apparatus. The foramen magnum of each specimen was evaluated in the radiographs using a precision caliper. The analyzed parameters included height (H), the height of the dorsal notch (N), total height (H+N), and width (W), and the obtained data were used to establish the degree of occipital dysplasia and determine the shape of the foramen magnum. Of the 12 animals studied, 75% (n = 9) exhibited a dorsal notch in the foramen magnum, which varied between 3.00 and 10.00 millimeters (mm) in height, characterizing occipital dysplasia. Among the affected animals, 77.77% (n = 7) were classified as grade 1 for the alteration, 11.11% (n = 1) as grade 2 and one animal (n = 1; 11.11%) as grade 3. The prevalent shape observed for the foramen magnum was oval (83.3%). Discussion: Although occipital dysplasia has been associated with the occurrence of nonspecific neurological clinical signs, such as tremors, ataxia, and epileptic seizures, the presence of this alteration in asymptomatic dogs indicates that the formation alone is just an anatomical variation, as demonstrated herein and in previous studies conducted over the past few years. This hypothesis has been increasingly supported by scientific evidence through publications that portray occipital dysplasia in dogs of various breeds and sizes without clinical manifestations. The clinical signs attributed to occipital dysplasia may originate in situations where there is a coexistence of other conditions. Occipital dysplasia has been reported several times in conjunction with other pathologies, such as occipital hypoplasia and syringomyelia, in symptomatic dogs. The dorsal notch-shaped occipital defect is covered by a fibrous tissue membrane in dogs affected by occipital dysplasia. The presence of this soft tissue membrane has been related to the late onset of syringomyelia due to the decompressive effect that it provides to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. When occipital dysplasia is identified in symptomatic dogs, it is suggested that the lesion be correctly located within the nervous system and that, according to its neurolocalization, a thorough investigation of other underlying causes for the occurrence of the neurological clinical manifestation be carried out. To date, there is no evidence characterizing occipital dysplasia as a single entity causing neurological deficits. Keywords: anatomy, morphology, occipital bone, skull, occipital dysplasia, neurology

Diagnóstico da implantação das medidas estruturais e não estruturais para a prevenção e combate a inundação no munícipio de Joinville – Santa Catarina / Diagnosis of the implementation of structural and non-structural measures for the prevention and combat of flooding in the municipality of Joinville - Santa Catarina

The city of Joinville, in the northern region of the state of Santa Catarina, has a history of damages caused by floods, caused both by rainfall and by the impact of tides. This paper analyzes the most recent flood control measures in the three main hydrographic basins areas of Joinville, Hydrographic Basin of Cachoeira river (BHRC), Hydrographic Basin of Cubatão do Norte  river (BHRCN) and Hydrographic Basin of Piraí River (BHRP). In the BHRC, in recent years there have been interventions in two sub-basins of the BHRC, contrution of macrodrainage has been made in the Morro Alto River and in the Mathias River it has been through recent works of alteration of its bed. In one of the sub-basins of the Piraí River, the Vermelho river basin, rainwater drainage galleries were built. Still in the Piraí Basin, there is a project to build micro drainage networks in the Vila Nova neighborhood (basin and paving of their respective roads as a goal of flood risk reduction). In the BHRCN one of the main works was the construction of an extravasation channel, dam and pourers for flow control. As non-structural measures, the hydro-meteorological monitoring of the Joinville Civil Defense (DCJ) and CEMADEN (National Center for Monitoring and Alerting Natural Disasters), the Evacuation Plan and Contingency Plan for Civil Protection and Defense for extreme natural events of the city developed by DCJ, the flood warning service of Joinville, included in the project of warning of the possible disasters of the Secretariat of Public Security of the State of Santa Catarina, implantation in Joinville of the Regional Center of Management of Risks and Disasters (CIGERD) and the zoning of areas subject to flooding or flooding available on the site of the Municipal Information System Georeferenced (SIMGeo). These actions are the result of the development of public policies that are demanded by a set of laws - municipal, state and federal - in force from time to time, and a historical series of laws and decrees related to flood control is found in the appendix of this work