4,645 research outputs found
Organic slug control using Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita
Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a lethal slug parasitic nematode that has been formulated into an effective biological control agent called Nemaslug®. We investigated the possibility of using different application methods of P. hermaphrodita to reduce cost and the number of nematodes applied. We also compared P. hermaphrodita with a new slug pellet called Ferramol®, which is available for use on organic farms
CYP2D6 Genotype Should Not Be Used to Determine Endocrine Therapy in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110032/1/cptclpt2013102.pd
Nonlinear nanomechanical resonators for quantum optoelectromechanics
We present a scheme for tuning and controlling nano mechanical resonators by
subjecting them to electrostatic gradient fields, provided by nearby tip
electrodes. We show that this approach enables access to a novel regime of
optomechanics, where the intrinsic nonlinearity of the nanoresonator can be
explored. In this regime, one or several laser driven cavity modes coupled to
the nanoresonator and suitably adjusted gradient fields allow to control the
motional state of the nanoresonator at the single phonon level. Some
applications of this platform have been presented previously [New J. Phys. 14,
023042 (2012), Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 120503 (2013)]. Here, we provide a
detailed description of the corresponding setup and its optomechanical coupling
mechanisms, together with an in-depth analysis of possible sources of damping
or decoherence and a discussion of the readout of the nanoresonator state.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
The role of copper in disulfiram-induced toxicity and radiosensitisation of cancer cells.
Abstract Disulfiram has been used for several decades in the treatment of alcoholism. It now shows promise as an anti-cancer drug and radiosensitizer. Proposed mechanisms of action include the induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of proteasome activity. Our purpose was to determine the potential of disulfiram to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of external beam -irradiation and 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG), a radiopharmaceutical used for the therapy of neuroendocrine tumors. Methods: The role of copper in disulfiram-induced toxicity was investigated by clonogenic assay after treatment of human SK-N-BE(2c) neuroblastoma and UVW/NAT glioma cells. Synergistic interaction between disulfiram and radiotherapy was evaluated by combination index analysis. Tumor growth delay was determined in vitro using multicellular tumor spheroids and in vivo using human tumor xenografts in athymic mice. Results: Escalating disulfiram dosage caused a biphasic reduction in the surviving fraction of clonogens. Clonogenic cell kill after treatment with disulfiram concentrations less than 4 M was copper-dependent, whereas cytotoxicity at concentrations greater than 10 M was caused by oxidative stress. The cytotoxic effect of disulfiram was maximal when administered with equimolar copper. Likewise, disulfiram’s radiosensitization of tumor cells was copper-dependent. Furthermore, disulfiram treatment enhanced the toxicity of 131I-MIBG to spheroids and xenografts expressing the noradrenaline transporter. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that (i) the cytotoxicity of disulfiram was copper-dependent; (ii) molar excess of disulfiram relative to copper resulted in attenuation of disulfiram-mediated cytotoxicity; (iii) copper was required for the radiosensitizing activity of disulfiram and (iv) copper-complexed disulfiram enhanced the efficacy not only of external beam radiation but also of targeted radionuclide therapy in the form of 131I-MIBG. Therefore disulfiram may have anti-cancer potential in combination with radiotherapy
First Order Premelting Transition of Vortex Lattices
Vortex lattices in the high temperature superconductors undergo a first order
phase transition which has thus far been regarded as melting from a solid to a
liquid. We point out an alternative possibility of a two step process in which
there is a first order transition from an ordinary vortex lattice to a soft
vortex solid followed by another first order melting transition from the soft
vortex solid to a vortex liquid. We focus on the first step. This premelting
transition is induced by vacancy and interstitial vortex lines. We obtain good
agreement with the experimental transition temperature versus field, latent
heat, and magnetization jumps for YBCO and BSCCO.Comment: revised version replaces 9705092, 5 pages, Latex, 2 postscript
figures, defect line wandering is included, 2 step melting is propose
Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) : velocity data report for deployments 1 to 5
This report presents velocity data from the Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS)
deployments 1 through 5, from March 30, 2001, to February 28, 2006. The NTAS project
has maintained a series of moorings near 14°50'N, 51°00'W in the northwest tropical Atlantic
for air-sea flux measurement. The moorings include a surface buoy outfitted with Air-
Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems for determination of bulk air-sea fluxes and
oceanographic sensors along the upper 120 m of the mooring line. This report describes and
presents the velocity data recovered from current meters and Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers
(ADCPs) during the first five years of the NTAS project.Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
under Grant No. NA09OAR432012
Parametric Normal-Mode Splitting in Cavity Optomechanics
Recent experimental progress in cavity optomechanics has allowed cooling of
mesoscopic mechanical oscillators via dynamic backaction provided by the
parametric coupling to either an optical or an electrical resonator. Here we
analyze the occurrence of normal-mode splitting in backaction cooling at high
input power. We find that a hybridization of the oscillator's motion with the
fluctuations of the driving field occurs and leads to a splitting of the
mechanical and optical fluctuation spectra. Moreover, we find that cooling
experiences a classical limitation through the cavity lifetime.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Pharmacogenomic studies using paraffin embedded tumor samples
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109786/1/cptclpt2003296.pd
Similarity of nuclear structure in 132Sn and 208Pb regions: proton-neutron multiplets
Starting from the striking similarity of proton-neutron multiplets in 134Sb
and 210Bi, we perform a shell-model study of nuclei with two additional protons
or neutrons to find out to what extent this analogy persists. We employ
effective interactions derived from the CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential
renormalized by use of the V-low-k approach. The calculated results for 136Sb,
212Bi, 136I, and 212At are in very good agreement with the available
experimental data. The similarity between 132Sn and 208Pb regions is discussed
in connection with the effective interaction, emphasizing the role of core
polarization effects.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
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