Influence of mineral fertilizers on yielding capacity and quality of soft spring wheat grain

Received: March 13th, 2021 ; Accepted: June 6th, 2021 ; Published: June 10th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] aim of the study is optimization of nutrition system for soft spring wheat plants through the use of mineral fertilizers in order to obtain high quality grain with simultaneous yield increase. Different doses of mineral fertilizers were tested in the study. The object of study was a variety of soft spring wheat ‘Uliublena’. The structure of the crop was determined by the method of selecting sheaf samples from each accounting area. The leaf surface area was determined by calculation method. According to the results of research, yield capacity of soft spring wheat on average ranged from 2.43 to 4.51 t ha-1 . The highest index of gluten amount was obtained in the variant with fertilizers dose N64P64K64 - 28.19%, which is higher than in the variants with fertilizer doses N16P16K16 and N32P32K32 by 6.11 and 0.15%. The highest increase in the yield of soft spring wheat grain (2.08 t ha-1 ) was obtained with application of N64P64K64, slightly lower yield increase was obtained with application of N32P32K32 - 1.64 t ha-1 , and N16P16K16 - 0.99 t ha-1 comparing with the control. With fertilizer dose of N64P64K64 soft spring wheat provided the maximum yield - 4.51 t ha-1 , gluten content - 28.19% and protein content - 14.21%

Deposition of nanocrystalline silicon films into low frequency induction RF discharge

Results of experiments on obtaining nanocrystalline silicon films with the method of stimulated plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) into low frequency induction RF discharge (880 kHz) allowed in silicon tetrachloride diluted with hydrogen are presented. High rate value, as 2.41 nm/s, of silicon film deposition was achieved. X-ray diffraction phase-shift analysis was pursued, the value of unit spacing of crystalline lattice was determined and nanocrystalline silicon film structure was studied.Представлены результаты исследований по получению пленок нанокристаллического кремния методом стимулированного плазмохимического осаждения (СПХО) в низкочастотном индукционном ВЧ-разряде (880 кГц), возбуждаемом в тетрахлориде кремния (SiCl4), разбавленным водородом. Получена высокая скорость осаждения пленки кремния – 2,41 нм/с. Проведен рентгеноструктурный фазовый анализ, определена величина периода кристаллической решетки, исследована структура нанокристаллической пленки кремния.Представлено результати досліджень по одержанню плівок нанокристалічного кремнію методом стимульованого плазмохімічного осадження (СПХО) в низькочастотному індукційному ВЧ-розряді (880 кГц), збудженим у тетрахлоріді кремнію (SіCl4), розведеним воднем. Одержано високу швидкість осадження плівки кремнію – 2,41 нм/с. Проведено рентгеноструктурний фазовий аналіз, визначено величину періоду кристалічної ґратки, досліджено структуру нанокристалічної плівки кремнію

Adaptation of various maize hybrids when grown for biomass

Received: January 10th, 2022 ; Accepted: May 1st, 2022 ; Published: May 10th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] aim of this research is to optimize growth and development of maize for biomass by selecting maize hybrids to fulfill their productivity potential. The following maize hybrids were the subject of research: Forteza, DM Native, DM Skarb. The greatest height of plants was formed in the interphase period of milk-wax maturity of grain in hybrid Forteza - 286.4 cm. In hybrid DM Native the height of plants was - 271.2 cm, hybrid DM Skarb - 263.6 cm. Weight of one plant of hybrids studied during the maize growing season ranged from 442 g to 760 g. Thus, the largest mass of maize plants was recorded in the milk-wax maturity stage. It was the largest at the hybrid Forteza and amounted to 760 g, that is more than at the hybrid DM Native for 3.4% (26 g) and at the hybrid DM Skarb for 6.6% (50 g). The average crop yield of the hybrid Forteza for the period of research was 55.1 t ha-1 . Hybrids DM Native and DM Skarb provided this indicator at the level of 50.6 and 45.7 t ha-1 respectively. Hybrid Forteza provided a maximum crop yield 55.1 t ha-1 with plant height 286.4 cm, assimilation surface of one plant and a crop 0.59 m2 ; 42.8 thousand m2 ha-1 and plant weight 760 g

A pulse transformer for a 10 MW klystron power supply

The design and test results of the Pulse Transformer (PT) for the klystron with a voltage of 120 kV, klystron current of 130 A and a pulse duration of 1.4 ms is presented. The PT design was realized with taking into account the following requirements: no edge effect on the secondary winding; no overvoltage along the secondary winding at the klystron breakdown; random high voltage breakdowns may occur only between metal parts, not on the windings; the sharp voltage edge applied to the primary winding should not cause a turn-to-turn overvoltage

Hydrogen reduction of silicon tetrachloride in low temperature non-equilibrium plasma of induction RF discharge

In this work, silicon is obtained by plasma-chemical reduction of silicon tetrachloride in an argon-hydrogen low- temperature nonequilibrium plasma. It is shown that in the investigated range of process parameters, the energy cost of producing one kilogram of silicon is in the range of 150…190 kW/h with a silicon yield of ~ 85 %. This cost reduction in the plasma-chemical process is associated with the transfer of electricity directly into the gas-vapor mixture. In addition, carrying out the recovery process under nonequilibrium conditions leads to the formation of atomic hydrogen in the discharge.Отримано кремній шляхом плазмохімічного відновлення тетрахлориду кремнію в аргон-водневій низькотемпературній нерівноважній плазмі. Показано, що в дослідженому диапазоні параметрів процесу енергетичні витрати на отримання одного кілограма кремнію знаходиться в межах 150…190 кВт/ч при виході кремнію ~ 85 %. Таке зниження витрат у плазмохімічному процесі пов'язане з введенням електроенергії безпосередньо в парогазову суміш. Крім того, проведення процесу відновлення в нерівноважних умовах призводить до утворення в розряді атомарного водню.Получен кремний путем плазмохимического восстановления тетрахлорида кремния в аргон-водородной низкотемпературной неравновесной плазме. Показано, что в исследуемом диапазоне параметров процесса энергетические затраты на получение одного килограмма кремния находятся в пределах 150…190 кВт/ч при выходе кремния ~ 85 %. Такое снижение затрат в плазмохимическом процессе связано с введением электроэнергии непосредственно в парогазовую смесь. Кроме того, проведение процесса восстановления в неравновесных условиях приводит к образованию в разряде атомарного водорода

Thermoelectric studies of electronic properties of ferromagnetic GaMnAs layers

Thermoelectric power, electrical conductivity, and high field Hall effect were studied over a broad temperature range in ferromagnetic Ga₁₋xMnxAs epitaxial layers (0.015 ≤ x ≤ 0.06). Thermoelectric power analysis gives information about carrier transport mechanisms in layers with both metallic and non-metallic types of conductivity and allows determination of the Fermi energy and carrier concentration. At high temperatures (T > 70 K), the thermoelectric power in GaMnAs linearly increases with increasing temperature. That indicates the presence of a degenerate hole gas with the Fermi energy EF = 220 ± 25 meV, nearly independent of Mn content (for 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.05). At lower temperatures, GaMnAs layers with metallic-type conductivity show an additional contribution to the thermoelectric power with the maximum close to the Curie temperature

Diluted magnetic layered semiconductor InSe:Mn with high Curie temperature

We present a detailed study of layered semiconductor InSe doped with Mn. Xray and neutron diffraction analyses of (In,Mn)Se single crystals show the presence of a main phase as In₁−xMnxSe solid solution, the second antiferromagnetic MnSe phase, and traces of In₄ Se₃ Magnetic measurements reveal ferromagnetic behavior of (In,Mn)Se with the Curie temperature about 800 K. The ferromagnetic cluster model and exchange interaction via 2D electron gas, as the reasons of spontaneous magnetization, are discussed. The dramatic transformation of (In,Mn)Se electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra as a function of temperature is revealed. At the magnetic field perpendicular to crystallographic c axis, a low-field line within the temperature range 70 down to 4.7 K is observed. It shifts to smaller magnetic fields with temperature decrease. Neutron diffraction studies reveal the strong rise for one of the reflection peaks with temperature decrease in the same temperature region where ESR spectra transformation occurs. This peak corresponds to double MnSe interplanar distance in the [111] direction what is a period of its magnetic lattice. Magnetic structure of (In,Mn)Se single crystal is discussed