Justiça social e política educacional: extensão das vagas escolares na educação infantil

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar se as decisões que estão garantindo vagas para crianças fora da faixa etária prevista na Constituição Federal têm efetivado o direito à educação na Região Metropolitana de Campinas. Para responder ao problema fez-se um diagnóstico utilizando metodologia quantitativa e identificação das ações dos Poderes Públicos por meio da análise institucional. Identificou-se que as demandas do Parquet por vagas para crianças fora da faixa etária prevista são significativas e quase sempre atendidas pelo Judiciário, que justifica a efetivação do direito com base em uma interpretação extensiva inexistente na Carta Magna. Tal posicionamento prejudica o sucesso da implementação da política por não respeitar as delimitações dos textos legais, reduzindo a efetivação dos direitos das crianças a uma simples vaga em instituição escolar, sem considerar uma discussão de Direitos Humanos

Long-term exhaustion of the inbreeding load in Drosophila melanogaster

Inbreeding depression, the decline in fitness of inbred individuals, is a ubiquitous phenomenon of great relevance in evolutionary biology and in the fields of animal and plant breeding and conservation. Inbreeding depression is due to the expression of recessive deleterious alleles that are concealed in heterozygous state in noninbred individuals, the so-called inbreeding load. Genetic purging reduces inbreeding depression by removing these alleles when expressed in homozygosis due to inbreeding. It is generally thought that fast inbreeding (such as that generated by full-sib mating lines) removes only highly deleterious recessive alleles, while slow inbreeding can also remove mildly deleterious ones. However, a question remains regarding which proportion of the inbreeding load can be removed by purging under slow inbreeding in moderately large populations. We report results of two long-term slow inbreeding Drosophila experiments (125–234 generations), each using a large population and a number of derived lines with effective sizes about 1000 and 50, respectively. The inbreeding load was virtually exhausted after more than one hundred generations in large populations and between a few tens and over one hundred generations in the lines. This result is not expected from genetic drift alone, and is in agreement with the theoretical purging predictions. Computer simulations suggest that these results are consistent with a model of relatively few deleterious mutations of large homozygous effects and partially recessive gene action

Uncertainty-aware Language Modeling for Selective Question Answering

We present an automatic large language model (LLM) conversion approach that produces uncertainty-aware LLMs capable of estimating uncertainty with every prediction. Our approach is model- and data-agnostic, is computationally-efficient, and does not rely on external models or systems. We evaluate converted models on the selective question answering setting -- to answer as many questions as possible while maintaining a given accuracy, forgoing providing predictions when necessary. As part of our results, we test BERT and Llama 2 model variants on the SQuAD extractive QA task and the TruthfulQA generative QA task. We show that using the uncertainty estimates provided by our approach to selectively answer questions leads to significantly higher accuracy over directly using model probabilities

DIMENSÕES A SEREM CONSIDERADAS PARA A DISCUSSÃO DE POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS NA REALIDADE AMAZÔNICA

No contexto de uma pesquisa financiada no escopo do Programa de Cooperação Acadêmica – PROCAD e nomeada "As Experiências Pedagógicas das Políticas de Educação Integral na Amazônia: Rede de Pesquisa e Formação Acadêmica" envolvendo três Universidades (Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP; Universidade Federal de Rondônia - UNIR e Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - UFOPA), este trabalho visa a parte norte do Brasil, em particular a cidade de Santarém, no estado do Pará. Nosso objetivo é problematizar e refletir sobre a relação entre três dimensões: socioeconômica, educacional e ambiental, que, embora apresentadas separadamente, são imbricadas e devem ser consideradas em uma perspectiva dialógica na discussão das políticas educacionais na realidade amazônica. A metodologia baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de modo que os dados apresentados são oriundos de órgãos públicos nacionais e estaduais. Portanto, a estrutura do artigo possui uma introdução para apresentar a área onde o estudo é conduzido, seguido da exposição dos dados de cada dimensão, terminando com algumas considerações para discutir políticas públicas educacionais na região amazônica.   &nbsp

Multi-robot grasp planning for sequential assembly operations

This paper addresses the problem of finding robot configurations to grasp assembly parts during a sequence of collaborative assembly operations. We formulate the search for such configurations as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP).Collision constraints in an operation and transfer constraints between operations determine the sets of feasible robot configurations. We show that solving the connected constraint graph with off-the-shelf CSP algorithms can quickly become infeasible even fora few sequential assembly operations. We present an algorithm which, through the assumption of feasible regrasps, divides the CSP into independent smaller problems that can be solved exponentially faster. The algorithm then uses local search techniques to improve this solution by removing a gradually increasing number of regrasps from the plan. The algorithm enables the user to stop the planner anytime and use the current best plan if the cost of removing regrasps from the plan exceeds the cost of executing those regrasps. We present simulation experiments to compare our algorithm’s performance toa naive algorithm which directly solves the connected constraint graph. We also present a physical robot system which uses the output of our planner to grasp and bring parts together in assembly configurations

Heterologous expression of the yeast HAL5 gene in tomato enhances salt tolerance by reducing shoot Na+accumulation in the long term

[EN] For salt tolerance to be achieved in the long-term plants must regulate Na+/K+ homeostasis over time. In this study, we show that the salt tolerance induced by overexpression of the yeast HAL5 gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was related to a lower leaf Na+ accumulation in the long term, by reducing Na+ transport from root to shoot over time regardless of the severity of salt stress. Furthermore, maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis over time was associated with changes in the transcript levels of the Na+ and K+ transporters such as SlHKT1;2 and SlHAK5. The expression of SlHKT1;2 was upregulated in response to salinity in roots of transgenic plants but downregulated in the roots of wild-type (WT) plants, which seems to be related to the lower Na+ transport rate from root to shoot in transgenic plants. The expression of the SlHAK5 increased in roots and leaves of both WT and transgenic plants under salinity. However, this increase was much higher in the leaves of transgenic plants than in those of WT plants, which may be associated with the ability of transgenic leaves to maintain Na+/K+ homeostasis over time. Taken together, the results show that the salt tolerance mechanism induced by HAL5 overexpression in tomato is related to the appropriate regulation of ion transport from root to shoot and maintenance of the leaf Na+/K+ homeostasis through modulation of SlHKT1 and SlHAK5 over time.This work was funded by grant AGL2012-40150-C03 from the Spanish 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad' and grant 04553/GERM/06 from the Fundacion SENECA, Murcia (Spain). I. E. and B. P. were supported by a postdoctoral position from the JAE-Doc program of National Research Council (CSIC). We thank Prof. R Serrano (IBMCP-CSCIC, Valencia, Spain) for providing the plasmid vector. We thank Stephen Hasler for his help in editing the English version of the manuscript.García-Abellán, JO.; Egea, I.; Pineda Chaza, BJ.; Sánchez-Bel, P.; Belver, A.; García Sogo, B.; Flores, FB.... (2014). Heterologous expression of the yeast HAL5 gene in tomato enhances salt tolerance by reducing shoot Na+accumulation in the long term. Physiologia Plantarum. 152(4):700-713. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12217S700713152

An insertional mutagenesis programme with an enhancer trap for the identification and tagging of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance in the tomato wild-related species Solanum pennellii

Salinity and drought have a huge impact on agriculture since there are few areas free of these abiotic stresses and the problem continues to increase. In tomato, the most important horticultural crop worldwide, there are accessions of wild-related species with a high degree of tolerance to salinity and drought. Thus, the finding of insertional mutants with other tolerance levels could lead to the identification and tagging of key genes responsible for abiotic stress tolerance. To this end, we are performing an insertional mutagenesis programme with an enhancer trap in the tomato wild-related species Solanum pennellii. First, we developed an efficient transformation method which has allowed us to generate more than 2,000 T-DNA lines. Next, the collection of S. pennelli T0 lines has been screened in saline or drought conditions and several presumptive mutants have been selected for their salt and drought sensitivity. Moreover, T-DNA lines with expression of the reporter uidA gene in specific organs, such as vascular bundles, trichomes and stomata, which may play key roles in processes related to abiotic stress tolerance, have been identified. Finally, the growth of T-DNA lines in control conditions allowed us the identification of different development mutants. Taking into account that progenies from the lines are being obtained and that the collection of T-DNA lines is going to enlarge progressively due to the high transformation efficiency achieved, there are great possibilities for identifying key genes involved in different tolerance mechanisms to salinity and drought

Multiphysics and Thermodynamic Formulations for Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Interactions: Non-linear Finite Elements Applied to Multi-coupled Active Materials

[EN] Combining several theories this paper presents a general multiphysics framework applied to the study of coupled and active materials, considering mechanical, electric, magnetic and thermal fields. The framework is based on thermodynamic equilibrium and non-equilibrium interactions, both linked by a two-temperature model. The multi-coupled governing equations are obtained from energy, momentum and entropy balances; the total energy is the sum of thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic parts. The momentum balance considers mechanical plus electromagnetic balances; for the latter the Abraham rep- resentation using the Maxwell stress tensor is formulated. This tensor is manipulated to automatically fulfill the angular momentum balance. The entropy balance is for- mulated using the classical Gibbs equation for equilibrium interactions and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. For the non-linear finite element formulations, this equation requires the transformation of thermoelectric coupling and conductivities into tensorial form. The two-way thermoe- lastic Biot term introduces damping: thermomechanical, pyromagnetic and pyroelectric converse electromagnetic dynamic interactions. Ponderomotrix and electromagnetic forces are also considered. The governing equations are converted into a variational formulation with the resulting four-field, multi-coupled formalism implemented and val- idated with two custom-made finite elements in the research code FEAP. Standard first-order isoparametric eight-node elements with seven degrees of freedom (dof) per node (three displacements, voltage and magnetic scalar potentials plus two temperatures) are used. Non-linearities and dynamics are solved with Newton-Raphson and New- mark-b algorithms, respectively. 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